Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB 17675-1999 Steering system of motor vehicles - Basic requirements, with respect to which, the following main technical changes have been made in addition to editorial changes:
——the application scope is modified (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 1999);
——Clause 2 "Normative references" is added (see Clause 2);
——the contents of Clause 3 are revised: the "terms" is changed to "terms and definitions" (see Clause 3; Clause 2 of Edition 1999); basic terms are added (see 3.1); the definition of "steering system" is modified (see 3.1.1; 2.1 of Edition 1999); the steering parameters are added (see 3.1.2); the types of steering system are added (see 3.1.3); the arrangement of the steered wheels is added (see 3.1.4); the types of steering transmission are added (see 3.1.5); the term and definition of trailers steering electric control line are added (see 3.1.6); and the functional safety terms are added (see 3.2);
——the "basic requirements" is changed to "technical requirements" (see Clause 4; Clause 3 of Edition 1999);
——the requirement that the steering disc must be on the left is deleted (3.1 of Edition 1999);
——the requirement that full-power steering equipment shall not be used is deleted (3.3 of Edition 1999);
——the requirement that the steering system parts and components shall not hook the driver's clothes is deleted (3.13 of Edition 1999);
——the requirements for motor vehicles are added (see 4.1);
——the requirements for portability and safety of the motor vehicle in its maximum design speed range and the steering force when the steering system is in good condition are modified (see 4.1.1; 3.9 and 3.10 of Edition 1999);
——the requirements for steering system for straight-line driving of motor vehicles are revised (see 4.1.2; 3.7 of Edition 1999);
——the requirement that the steering direction shall be consistent with the driving direction of the vehicle is modified (see 4.1.3; 3.4 of Edition 1999);
——the design, manufacturing, assembly and inspection requirements of the steering system are modified (see 4.1.4; 3.5 and 3.6 of Edition 1999);
——the requirement that the electrical control of steering system of motor vehicles shall meet the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility is added (see 4.1.5);
——the requirements for adjustable components in steering system are added (see 4.1.6);
——the requirements for steered wheels are modified (see 4.1.7; 3.2 of Edition 1999);
——the basic requirements for energy supply are modified (see 4.1.8; 3.12 of Edition 1999);
——the functional safety requirements for steering electronic control system are added (see 4.1.9);
——the requirements for trailers are added (see 4.2);
——the requirement that the trailer and tractor travel in the same direction when the vehicle combination travels in straight line is added (see 4.2.1);
——the requirements for steered wheels of semi-trailers are added (see 4.2.2);
——the requirements for steering system in straight-line driving of vehicle combination are added (see 4.2.3);
——the requirements for turning circle when the vehicle combination turns stably at different speeds are added (see 4.2.4);
——the requirements for the out value of vehicle combination when it leaves the turning circle are added (see 4.2.5);
——the requirements for out values of multiple steering axle draw-bar trailers, semi-trailers and center axle trailers with steering axles during straight-line driving and steady-state steering in turning circle and when leaving the turning circle are added; the axle-load ratio conditions are proposed according to whether the trailer with self-tracking steering axle is tested (see 4.2.6);
——the requirements for vehicle combination with purely hydraulic steering transmission are added (see 4.2.7);
——the requirements for trailers and tractors to realize trailer steering by tractor electric energy are added (see 4.2.8);
——the requirements for adjustable components in trailer steering system are added (see 4.2.9);
——the requirement that the electrical control of trailer steering system shall meet the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility is added (see 4.2.10);
——the failure requirements are added (see 4.3);
——the general requirements are added (see 4.3.1);
——the requirements for steering angle and steering control force when the power assisted steering system fails are modified (see 4.3.2; 3.11 of Edition 1999);
——the full-power steering equipment is added (see 4.3.3);
——the alarm signal is added (see 4.4);
——the general requirements are added (see 4.4.1);
——the requirements for alarm signal when the vehicle with full-power steering equipment fails are added (see 4.4.2);
——the requirements for alarm signal of additional steering equipment of trailer are added (see 4.4.3);
——the clause "test conditions" is changed to "test methods" (see Clause 5; Clause 4 of Edition 1999);
——the test conditions are added (see 5.1);
——the requirements for test roads are modified (see 5.1.1; 4.1 of Edition 1999);
——the requirements for loading and tire pressure of test vehicles are modified (see 5.1.2 and 5.1.3; 4.2 of Edition 1999);
——the requirements for simulated power load of test vehicles are added (see 5.1.4);
——the motor vehicle test is added (see 5.2);
——the test on abnormal vibration when the motor vehicle leaves the turning circle is added (see 5.2.1);
——the test of insufficient steering for motor vehicles is added (see 5.2.2);
——the requirements for glitch signal processing in measurement of motor vehicle steering control force are added (see 5.2.3);
——the measurement of steering control force when the steering system of motor vehicle is in good condition is added (see 5.2.4);
——the measurement of steering control force in case of fault in the steering system of motor vehicle is added (see 5.2.5);
——the trailer test is added (see 5.3);
——the straight-line driving and abnormal vibration tests of vehicle combination are added (see 5.3.1);
——the turning circle test of vehicle combination in steady-state steering is added (see 5.3.2);
——the out value test of vehicle combination when leaving the turning circle is added (see 5.3.3);
——the turning clearance width test of vehicle combination is added (see 5.3.4);
——the requirement for test times of vehicle combination is added (see 5.3.5);
——the supplementary requirements for vehicles with auxiliary steering equipment (ASE) are added (see Annex A);
——the functional safety requirements are added (see Annex B);
——the requirements for trailers with purely hydraulic steering transmission equipment are added (see Annex C);
——the special requirements for tractor to provide electric energy to trailer steering system are added (see Annex D).
The technical contents of this standard are revised by reference to UN R79 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to steering equipment (Revision 4).
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
The previous edition of the standard is as follows:
——GB 17675-1999.
Steering system of motor vehicles - Basic requirements
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, technical requirements and test methods for the steering system of motor vehicles.
This standard is applicable to Categories M and N vehicles and Category O trailers specified in GB/T 15089.
This standard is not applicable to:
——pneumatic transmission steering system;
——vehicles with autonomous steering system specified in 3.1.1.5.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 3730.1 Motor vehicles and trailers - Types - Terms and definitions
GB/T 3730.2 Road vehicle - Masses - Vocabulary and codes
GB/T 3730.3 Motor vehicles and towed vehicles - Dimensions of vehicles - Terms and definitions
GB/T 5053.3 Road vehicles - Connectors for the electrical connection of towing and towed vehicles - Definitions tests and requirements
GB/T 5563 Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies - Hydrostatic testing
GB/T 7939 Hydraulic fluid power - Hose assemblies - Test methods
GB/T 9574 Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies - Ratios of proof and burst pressure to maximum working pressure
GB/T 12540 Minimum turning circle diameter, minimum turning clearance circle diameter and out value test method for motor vehicles
GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB/T 20716.1 Road vehicles - Connectors for the electrical connection of towing and towed vehicles - Part 1: Connectors for braking systems and running gears of vehicles with 24V nominal supply voltage
GB/T 20718 Road vehicles - Connectors for the electrical connection of towing and towed vehicles - 13-pole connector for vehicles with 12V nominal supply voltage
GB/T 34590 (All parts) Road vehicles - Functional safety
GB 34660 Road vehicles - Requirements and test methods of electromagnetic compatibility
GB/T 35360 Motor vehicle - Steering system - Terms and definitions
ISO 2575: 2010 Road vehicles - Symbols for controls, indicators and telltales
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 3730.1, GB/T 3730.2, GB/T 3730.3, GB/T 12540, GB/T 15089, GB/T 34590 and GB/T 35360 as well as the following apply.
3.1 Basic terms
3.1.1
steering system
system for changing or maintaining the driving direction of a vehicle
Note: It includes steering control equipment, steering transmission equipment, steered wheels and energy supply equipment (if any).
3.1.1.1
steering control equipment
operating mechanism in the steering system that controls the steering with or without the direct intervention of the driver
Note: For the steering system in which the steering force is wholly or partially provided by the muscle strength of the driver, the steering control equipment includes all components that convert the steering control force into steering force by mechanical, hydraulic or electric means.
3.1.1.2
steering transmission equipment
combination of parts and components that form a functional connection between the steering control equipment and the steered wheels for realizing control transmission and/or energy transmission
Note: According to the control and/or energy transmission mode, it may be divided into mechanical type, hydraulic type, electric type and various combinations thereof.
3.1.1.2.1
control transmission
function of transmitting a control signal command to control the action of the steering equipment
3.1.1.2.2
energy transmission
function of transmitting energy to steered wheels to control/adjust steering
3.1.1.3
steered wheels
wheels whose moving direction can be changed directly or indirectly relative to the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle, so as to control the driving direction of the motor vehicle
Note: Components such as steering knuckle and kingpin are covered.
3.1.1.4
energy supply equipment
functional equipment in steering system that is used to provide energy, control energy distribution and store energy
Note: It includes storage reservoir, pipeline, wiring harness and medium, but excludes the engine (except the engine supplying energy to the power assisted steering system) and the driving of the engine to the energy source.
3.1.1.4.1
energy source
component that provides energy in the required form
3.1.1.4.2
energy reservoir
component of the energy supply equipment that stores the energy
Note: For example, pressurizable hydraulic accumulator or vehicle battery.
3.1.1.4.3
storage reservoir
component for storing working medium with internal pressure at normal pressure
Note: For example, steering oil tank.
3.1.1.5
autonomous steering system
vehicle integrated composite electronic control system that makes the vehicle travel along the determined or corrected path by responding to the reception and transmission of signals outside the vehicle; wherein, the driver is not required to have dominant control over the vehicle
3.1.1.6
advanced driver assistance steering system
system in addition to the main steering equipment of the motor vehicle, used to help the driver steer
Note: In this system, the driver still controls the vehicle all the time.
3.1.2
steering parameters
3.1.2.1
steering control force
force acting on steering control equipment for vehicle steering
3.1.2.2
steering time
time required from the start of the steering control equipment to the moment when the steered wheel reaches the specific steering angle
3.1.2.3
steering angle
intersection angle formed by the intersecting line of the longitudinal center symmetry plane of the wheel and the ground and the projection of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle on the ground during steering
3.1.2.4
steering forces
all forces transmitted through the steering transmission equipment to drive the steered wheels to rotate
3.1.2.5
mean steering transmission ratio
ratio of the steering angle of the steering disc from one limit position to the other limit position to the mean steering angle of the steered wheel (half of the sum of the steering angles of the left and right steered wheels)
3.1.2.6
turning circle
maximum circle projected by all points on the vehicle (excluding the external indirect vision equipment and the front direction-indicator lamp) on the ground plane when the vehicle travels in a circle
3.1.2.7
nominal radius of steering control
minimum dimension from the rotation center to the rim of steering disc during steered wheel control
Note: If other control forms are adopted, it refers to the distance from the rotation center to the steering control force application point. If multiple application points are available, the point with the maximum force shall be taken.
3.1.3
types of steering system
3.1.3.1 Motor vehicles
3.1.3.1.1
main steering equipment
equipment in the steering system that mainly determines the driving direction of a vehicle, which may include:
——manual steering equipment
equipment of which the steering force comes from the steering control force provided by the driver only
——power assisted steering equipment
equipment of which the steering force comes from the steering control force provided by the driver and one or more energy supply equipment
Note: It includes the equipment of which the steering force is only provided by one or more energy supply equipment when the steering system is in good condition, and may still be provided by the driver manually when the steering system (with power assisted equipment) is in fault condition, to complete the steering action.
——full-power steering equipment
equipment of which the steering force is completely provided by one or more energy supply components
3.1.3.1.2
self-tracking steering equipment
equipment that changes the steering angle of one or more non-steered wheels only when the wheels are subjected to forces and/or moments from the ground
3.1.3.1.3
auxiliary steering equipment; ASE
equipment added on categories M and N vehicles that makes the steered wheels and/or wheels (front and/or rear) on other axles adjust the same or opposite steering angles in addition to the steering angle provided by the main steering equipment for adjusting the steering quality
3.1.3.2 Trailers
3.1.3.2.1
trailers self-tracking steering equipment
equipment that changes the steering angle of one or more wheels only when the trailer wheels are subjected to forces and/or moments from the ground
3.1.3.2.2
articulated steering
equipment that changes the driving direction of tractor and generates the steering force by forming a relative angle between the longitudinal axes of tractor and trailer through the articulated mechanism of tractor and trailer when the vehicle is running
3.1.3.2.3
self-steering
equipment that changes the driving direction of tractor and generates the steering force through the angle formed by the longitudinal axis of the trailer frame or substitute load and that of the draw bar and turntable frame when the vehicle is running
3.1.3.2.4
additional steering equipment
equipment independent of the main steering equipment of the tractor, which selectively adjusts the steering angle of one or more axles of a trailer according to different control purposes
3.1.3.2.5
full-power steering equipment
equipment of which the steering force is completely provided by one or more energy supply components
3.1.4
arrangement of the steered wheels
3.1.4.1
front-wheel steering equipment
equipment that only controls all wheels of the front axle to steer in the same direction
3.1.4.2
rear-wheel steering equipment
equipment that only controls all wheels of the rear axle to steer in the same direction
3.1.4.3
multi-wheel steering equipment
equipment that controls one or more wheels of the front axle and the rear axle to steer
3.1.5
types of steering transmission
3.1.5.1
purely mechanical steering transmission
operation in which the steering force is completely transmitted by mechanical mechanism
3.1.5.2
purely hydraulic steering transmission
operation in which the steering force is completely transmitted by hydraulic pressure in at least one transmission link
3.1.5.3
purely electric steering transmission
operation in which the steering force is completely transmitted by electric power in at least one transmission link
3.1.5.4
hybrid steering transmission
operation in which a part of the steering force is transmitted in one of the above ways, while the other part is transmitted in another way
Note: However, if the mechanical part used for transmission is only to provide drivers with sense of road, and the steering force transmitted by it may be ignored for the whole system, it shall be regarded as purely hydraulic or purely electric steering transmission.
3.1.6
trailers steering electric control line
electric connection part used for trailer steering control
Note: It includes data communication cables used for trailer control as well as wires and connectors used for power supply.
3.2 Functional safety terms
3.2.1
functional safety concept
functional safety requirements and related information required to achieve safety goals
Note: For example, safety measures taken to ensure system integrity and safe operation in fault and non-fault modes.
3.2.2
unit
smallest element of a system component that may be identified, analyzed or replaced as a single entity
3.2.3
electronic control system
combination of a series of units that cooperatively realize the vehicle control function by means of electronic data processing
Note: The system is usually controlled by software and consists of independent functional components such as sensors, controllers and actuators, which are connected by transmission links. The system may include mechanical, electronic-pneumatic and electronic-hydraulic units.
3.2.4
transmission links
connection modes of internal units for transmission of signals, operation data or energy supply
Note: They are usually electronic, but may also be mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic.
3.2.5
safety strategy
strategy to ensure the safe operation of system functions in specific environmental and operating conditions (such as road conditions, vehicle conditions, traffic participants, weather conditions, etc.)
3.2.6
safety goal
highest level of safety requirements obtained from hazard analysis and risk assessment
3.2.7
safety metric
quantified value of specific technical parameters given to meet safety goals (not ASIL)
3.28
safety measures
activities or technical solutions to avoid or control systematic failures, detect random hardware failures, control random hardware failures or mitigate their adverse effects
3.2.9
controllability
capability to avoid specific damages or injuries through the timely response of the personnel involved or the support of external measures
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Requirements for motor vehicles
4.1.1 The steering system shall ensure the portability and safety of steering operation of the motor vehicle within its maximum design speed range. When the steering system is in good condition, the steering control force, steering time and steering radius of the motor vehicle shall meet the requirements of Table 1. If tested according to the method required in 5.2, the motor vehicle shall have the capability of self-returning provided that the steering system is in good condition, and shall meet the requirements of Annex A if it is equipped with the auxiliary steering equipment. The motion around the grid listed in this standard refers to the motion along the steering grid.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Basic terms
3.2 Functional safety terms
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Requirements for motor vehicles
4.2 Requirements for trailers
4.3 Requirements for failure
4.4 Alarm signal
5 Test methods
5.1 Test conditions
5.2 Motor vehicle test
5.3 Trailer test
6 Implementation date
Annex A (Normative) Supplementary requirements for vehicles with auxiliary steering equipment (ASE)
Annex B (Normative) Functional safety requirements
Annex C (Normative) Requirements for trailers with purely hydraulic steering transmission equipment
Annex D (Normative) Special requirements for power supply of vehicle combination steering system
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB 17675-1999 Steering system of motor vehicles - Basic requirements, with respect to which, the following main technical changes have been made in addition to editorial changes:
——the application scope is modified (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 1999);
——Clause 2 "Normative references" is added (see Clause 2);
——the contents of Clause 3 are revised: the "terms" is changed to "terms and definitions" (see Clause 3; Clause 2 of Edition 1999); basic terms are added (see 3.1); the definition of "steering system" is modified (see 3.1.1; 2.1 of Edition 1999); the steering parameters are added (see 3.1.2); the types of steering system are added (see 3.1.3); the arrangement of the steered wheels is added (see 3.1.4); the types of steering transmission are added (see 3.1.5); the term and definition of trailers steering electric control line are added (see 3.1.6); and the functional safety terms are added (see 3.2);
——the "basic requirements" is changed to "technical requirements" (see Clause 4; Clause 3 of Edition 1999);
——the requirement that the steering disc must be on the left is deleted (3.1 of Edition 1999);
——the requirement that full-power steering equipment shall not be used is deleted (3.3 of Edition 1999);
——the requirement that the steering system parts and components shall not hook the driver's clothes is deleted (3.13 of Edition 1999);
——the requirements for motor vehicles are added (see 4.1);
——the requirements for portability and safety of the motor vehicle in its maximum design speed range and the steering force when the steering system is in good condition are modified (see 4.1.1; 3.9 and 3.10 of Edition 1999);
——the requirements for steering system for straight-line driving of motor vehicles are revised (see 4.1.2; 3.7 of Edition 1999);
——the requirement that the steering direction shall be consistent with the driving direction of the vehicle is modified (see 4.1.3; 3.4 of Edition 1999);
——the design, manufacturing, assembly and inspection requirements of the steering system are modified (see 4.1.4; 3.5 and 3.6 of Edition 1999);
——the requirement that the electrical control of steering system of motor vehicles shall meet the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility is added (see 4.1.5);
——the requirements for adjustable components in steering system are added (see 4.1.6);
——the requirements for steered wheels are modified (see 4.1.7; 3.2 of Edition 1999);
——the basic requirements for energy supply are modified (see 4.1.8; 3.12 of Edition 1999);
——the functional safety requirements for steering electronic control system are added (see 4.1.9);
——the requirements for trailers are added (see 4.2);
——the requirement that the trailer and tractor travel in the same direction when the vehicle combination travels in straight line is added (see 4.2.1);
——the requirements for steered wheels of semi-trailers are added (see 4.2.2);
——the requirements for steering system in straight-line driving of vehicle combination are added (see 4.2.3);
——the requirements for turning circle when the vehicle combination turns stably at different speeds are added (see 4.2.4);
——the requirements for the out value of vehicle combination when it leaves the turning circle are added (see 4.2.5);
——the requirements for out values of multiple steering axle draw-bar trailers, semi-trailers and center axle trailers with steering axles during straight-line driving and steady-state steering in turning circle and when leaving the turning circle are added; the axle-load ratio conditions are proposed according to whether the trailer with self-tracking steering axle is tested (see 4.2.6);
——the requirements for vehicle combination with purely hydraulic steering transmission are added (see 4.2.7);
——the requirements for trailers and tractors to realize trailer steering by tractor electric energy are added (see 4.2.8);
——the requirements for adjustable components in trailer steering system are added (see 4.2.9);
——the requirement that the electrical control of trailer steering system shall meet the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility is added (see 4.2.10);
——the failure requirements are added (see 4.3);
——the general requirements are added (see 4.3.1);
——the requirements for steering angle and steering control force when the power assisted steering system fails are modified (see 4.3.2; 3.11 of Edition 1999);
——the full-power steering equipment is added (see 4.3.3);
——the alarm signal is added (see 4.4);
——the general requirements are added (see 4.4.1);
——the requirements for alarm signal when the vehicle with full-power steering equipment fails are added (see 4.4.2);
——the requirements for alarm signal of additional steering equipment of trailer are added (see 4.4.3);
——the clause "test conditions" is changed to "test methods" (see Clause 5; Clause 4 of Edition 1999);
——the test conditions are added (see 5.1);
——the requirements for test roads are modified (see 5.1.1; 4.1 of Edition 1999);
——the requirements for loading and tire pressure of test vehicles are modified (see 5.1.2 and 5.1.3; 4.2 of Edition 1999);
——the requirements for simulated power load of test vehicles are added (see 5.1.4);
——the motor vehicle test is added (see 5.2);
——the test on abnormal vibration when the motor vehicle leaves the turning circle is added (see 5.2.1);
——the test of insufficient steering for motor vehicles is added (see 5.2.2);
——the requirements for glitch signal processing in measurement of motor vehicle steering control force are added (see 5.2.3);
——the measurement of steering control force when the steering system of motor vehicle is in good condition is added (see 5.2.4);
——the measurement of steering control force in case of fault in the steering system of motor vehicle is added (see 5.2.5);
——the trailer test is added (see 5.3);
——the straight-line driving and abnormal vibration tests of vehicle combination are added (see 5.3.1);
——the turning circle test of vehicle combination in steady-state steering is added (see 5.3.2);
——the out value test of vehicle combination when leaving the turning circle is added (see 5.3.3);
——the turning clearance width test of vehicle combination is added (see 5.3.4);
——the requirement for test times of vehicle combination is added (see 5.3.5);
——the supplementary requirements for vehicles with auxiliary steering equipment (ASE) are added (see Annex A);
——the functional safety requirements are added (see Annex B);
——the requirements for trailers with purely hydraulic steering transmission equipment are added (see Annex C);
——the special requirements for tractor to provide electric energy to trailer steering system are added (see Annex D).
The technical contents of this standard are revised by reference to UN R79 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to steering equipment (Revision 4).
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
The previous edition of the standard is as follows:
——GB 17675-1999.
Steering system of motor vehicles - Basic requirements
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, technical requirements and test methods for the steering system of motor vehicles.
This standard is applicable to Categories M and N vehicles and Category O trailers specified in GB/T 15089.
This standard is not applicable to:
——pneumatic transmission steering system;
——vehicles with autonomous steering system specified in 3.1.1.5.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 3730.1 Motor vehicles and trailers - Types - Terms and definitions
GB/T 3730.2 Road vehicle - Masses - Vocabulary and codes
GB/T 3730.3 Motor vehicles and towed vehicles - Dimensions of vehicles - Terms and definitions
GB/T 5053.3 Road vehicles - Connectors for the electrical connection of towing and towed vehicles - Definitions tests and requirements
GB/T 5563 Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies - Hydrostatic testing
GB/T 7939 Hydraulic fluid power - Hose assemblies - Test methods
GB/T 9574 Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies - Ratios of proof and burst pressure to maximum working pressure
GB/T 12540 Minimum turning circle diameter, minimum turning clearance circle diameter and out value test method for motor vehicles
GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB/T 20716.1 Road vehicles - Connectors for the electrical connection of towing and towed vehicles - Part 1: Connectors for braking systems and running gears of vehicles with 24V nominal supply voltage
GB/T 20718 Road vehicles - Connectors for the electrical connection of towing and towed vehicles - 13-pole connector for vehicles with 12V nominal supply voltage
GB/T 34590 (All parts) Road vehicles - Functional safety
GB 34660 Road vehicles - Requirements and test methods of electromagnetic compatibility
GB/T 35360 Motor vehicle - Steering system - Terms and definitions
ISO 2575: 2010 Road vehicles - Symbols for controls, indicators and telltales
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 3730.1, GB/T 3730.2, GB/T 3730.3, GB/T 12540, GB/T 15089, GB/T 34590 and GB/T 35360 as well as the following apply.
3.1 Basic terms
3.1.1
steering system
system for changing or maintaining the driving direction of a vehicle
Note: It includes steering control equipment, steering transmission equipment, steered wheels and energy supply equipment (if any).
3.1.1.1
steering control equipment
operating mechanism in the steering system that controls the steering with or without the direct intervention of the driver
Note: For the steering system in which the steering force is wholly or partially provided by the muscle strength of the driver, the steering control equipment includes all components that convert the steering control force into steering force by mechanical, hydraulic or electric means.
3.1.1.2
steering transmission equipment
combination of parts and components that form a functional connection between the steering control equipment and the steered wheels for realizing control transmission and/or energy transmission
Note: According to the control and/or energy transmission mode, it may be divided into mechanical type, hydraulic type, electric type and various combinations thereof.
3.1.1.2.1
control transmission
function of transmitting a control signal command to control the action of the steering equipment
3.1.1.2.2
energy transmission
function of transmitting energy to steered wheels to control/adjust steering
3.1.1.3
steered wheels
wheels whose moving direction can be changed directly or indirectly relative to the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle, so as to control the driving direction of the motor vehicle
Note: Components such as steering knuckle and kingpin are covered.
3.1.1.4
energy supply equipment
functional equipment in steering system that is used to provide energy, control energy distribution and store energy
Note: It includes storage reservoir, pipeline, wiring harness and medium, but excludes the engine (except the engine supplying energy to the power assisted steering system) and the driving of the engine to the energy source.
3.1.1.4.1
energy source
component that provides energy in the required form
3.1.1.4.2
energy reservoir
component of the energy supply equipment that stores the energy
Note: For example, pressurizable hydraulic accumulator or vehicle battery.
3.1.1.4.3
storage reservoir
component for storing working medium with internal pressure at normal pressure
Note: For example, steering oil tank.
3.1.1.5
autonomous steering system
vehicle integrated composite electronic control system that makes the vehicle travel along the determined or corrected path by responding to the reception and transmission of signals outside the vehicle; wherein, the driver is not required to have dominant control over the vehicle
3.1.1.6
advanced driver assistance steering system
system in addition to the main steering equipment of the motor vehicle, used to help the driver steer
Note: In this system, the driver still controls the vehicle all the time.
3.1.2
steering parameters
3.1.2.1
steering control force
force acting on steering control equipment for vehicle steering
3.1.2.2
steering time
time required from the start of the steering control equipment to the moment when the steered wheel reaches the specific steering angle
3.1.2.3
steering angle
intersection angle formed by the intersecting line of the longitudinal center symmetry plane of the wheel and the ground and the projection of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle on the ground during steering
3.1.2.4
steering forces
all forces transmitted through the steering transmission equipment to drive the steered wheels to rotate
3.1.2.5
mean steering transmission ratio
ratio of the steering angle of the steering disc from one limit position to the other limit position to the mean steering angle of the steered wheel (half of the sum of the steering angles of the left and right steered wheels)
3.1.2.6
turning circle
maximum circle projected by all points on the vehicle (excluding the external indirect vision equipment and the front direction-indicator lamp) on the ground plane when the vehicle travels in a circle
3.1.2.7
nominal radius of steering control
minimum dimension from the rotation center to the rim of steering disc during steered wheel control
Note: If other control forms are adopted, it refers to the distance from the rotation center to the steering control force application point. If multiple application points are available, the point with the maximum force shall be taken.
3.1.3
types of steering system
3.1.3.1 Motor vehicles
3.1.3.1.1
main steering equipment
equipment in the steering system that mainly determines the driving direction of a vehicle, which may include:
——manual steering equipment
equipment of which the steering force comes from the steering control force provided by the driver only
——power assisted steering equipment
equipment of which the steering force comes from the steering control force provided by the driver and one or more energy supply equipment
Note: It includes the equipment of which the steering force is only provided by one or more energy supply equipment when the steering system is in good condition, and may still be provided by the driver manually when the steering system (with power assisted equipment) is in fault condition, to complete the steering action.
——full-power steering equipment
equipment of which the steering force is completely provided by one or more energy supply components
3.1.3.1.2
self-tracking steering equipment
equipment that changes the steering angle of one or more non-steered wheels only when the wheels are subjected to forces and/or moments from the ground
3.1.3.1.3
auxiliary steering equipment; ASE
equipment added on categories M and N vehicles that makes the steered wheels and/or wheels (front and/or rear) on other axles adjust the same or opposite steering angles in addition to the steering angle provided by the main steering equipment for adjusting the steering quality
3.1.3.2 Trailers
3.1.3.2.1
trailers self-tracking steering equipment
equipment that changes the steering angle of one or more wheels only when the trailer wheels are subjected to forces and/or moments from the ground
3.1.3.2.2
articulated steering
equipment that changes the driving direction of tractor and generates the steering force by forming a relative angle between the longitudinal axes of tractor and trailer through the articulated mechanism of tractor and trailer when the vehicle is running
3.1.3.2.3
self-steering
equipment that changes the driving direction of tractor and generates the steering force through the angle formed by the longitudinal axis of the trailer frame or substitute load and that of the draw bar and turntable frame when the vehicle is running
3.1.3.2.4
additional steering equipment
equipment independent of the main steering equipment of the tractor, which selectively adjusts the steering angle of one or more axles of a trailer according to different control purposes
3.1.3.2.5
full-power steering equipment
equipment of which the steering force is completely provided by one or more energy supply components
3.1.4
arrangement of the steered wheels
3.1.4.1
front-wheel steering equipment
equipment that only controls all wheels of the front axle to steer in the same direction
3.1.4.2
rear-wheel steering equipment
equipment that only controls all wheels of the rear axle to steer in the same direction
3.1.4.3
multi-wheel steering equipment
equipment that controls one or more wheels of the front axle and the rear axle to steer
3.1.5
types of steering transmission
3.1.5.1
purely mechanical steering transmission
operation in which the steering force is completely transmitted by mechanical mechanism
3.1.5.2
purely hydraulic steering transmission
operation in which the steering force is completely transmitted by hydraulic pressure in at least one transmission link
3.1.5.3
purely electric steering transmission
operation in which the steering force is completely transmitted by electric power in at least one transmission link
3.1.5.4
hybrid steering transmission
operation in which a part of the steering force is transmitted in one of the above ways, while the other part is transmitted in another way
Note: However, if the mechanical part used for transmission is only to provide drivers with sense of road, and the steering force transmitted by it may be ignored for the whole system, it shall be regarded as purely hydraulic or purely electric steering transmission.
3.1.6
trailers steering electric control line
electric connection part used for trailer steering control
Note: It includes data communication cables used for trailer control as well as wires and connectors used for power supply.
3.2 Functional safety terms
3.2.1
functional safety concept
functional safety requirements and related information required to achieve safety goals
Note: For example, safety measures taken to ensure system integrity and safe operation in fault and non-fault modes.
3.2.2
unit
smallest element of a system component that may be identified, analyzed or replaced as a single entity
3.2.3
electronic control system
combination of a series of units that cooperatively realize the vehicle control function by means of electronic data processing
Note: The system is usually controlled by software and consists of independent functional components such as sensors, controllers and actuators, which are connected by transmission links. The system may include mechanical, electronic-pneumatic and electronic-hydraulic units.
3.2.4
transmission links
connection modes of internal units for transmission of signals, operation data or energy supply
Note: They are usually electronic, but may also be mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic.
3.2.5
safety strategy
strategy to ensure the safe operation of system functions in specific environmental and operating conditions (such as road conditions, vehicle conditions, traffic participants, weather conditions, etc.)
3.2.6
safety goal
highest level of safety requirements obtained from hazard analysis and risk assessment
3.2.7
safety metric
quantified value of specific technical parameters given to meet safety goals (not ASIL)
3.28
safety measures
activities or technical solutions to avoid or control systematic failures, detect random hardware failures, control random hardware failures or mitigate their adverse effects
3.2.9
controllability
capability to avoid specific damages or injuries through the timely response of the personnel involved or the support of external measures
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Requirements for motor vehicles
4.1.1 The steering system shall ensure the portability and safety of steering operation of the motor vehicle within its maximum design speed range. When the steering system is in good condition, the steering control force, steering time and steering radius of the motor vehicle shall meet the requirements of Table 1. If tested according to the method required in 5.2, the motor vehicle shall have the capability of self-returning provided that the steering system is in good condition, and shall meet the requirements of Annex A if it is equipped with the auxiliary steering equipment. The motion around the grid listed in this standard refers to the motion along the steering grid.
Contents of GB 17675-2021
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Basic terms
3.2 Functional safety terms
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Requirements for motor vehicles
4.2 Requirements for trailers
4.3 Requirements for failure
4.4 Alarm signal
5 Test methods
5.1 Test conditions
5.2 Motor vehicle test
5.3 Trailer test
6 Implementation date
Annex A (Normative) Supplementary requirements for vehicles with auxiliary steering equipment (ASE)
Annex B (Normative) Functional safety requirements
Annex C (Normative) Requirements for trailers with purely hydraulic steering transmission equipment
Annex D (Normative) Special requirements for power supply of vehicle combination steering system
