Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
The code drafting group has revised this code through conducting extensive investigation, carefully summarizing practical experiences, referring to relevant international and foreign advanced standards and widely soliciting for opinions according to the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Development and Revision Plan of National Engineering Construction Standards and Codes in 2014" (JIANBIAO [2013], No. 169) issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.
Main technical contents of this code are: 1. general provisions; 2. terms; 3. basic requirements; 4. construction preparation; 5. construction survey; 6. segment production and acceptance; 7. tunnelling construction; 8. construction of special section; 9. segment assembly; 10. back-fill grouting; 11. tunnel waterproofing; 12. construction safety and environmental protection; 13. shield maintenance and service; 14. construction transport; 15.construction monitoring; 16. tunnel acceptance.
Main technical contents revised in this code include: 1. technical contents of selection and configuration of shield are added; 2. the requirements of breakthrough survey tolerance of oil & gas and municipal tunnels, segment assembly quality and formed tunnel quality control are added; 3. survey requirements for secondary horizontal control network in plain or mountain regions are added; 4. technical requirements for site acceptance of steel segment are added; 5. shield empty-push and construction measures for the section with noxious gas are added; 6. technical contents such as monitoring frequency and monitoring early warning are added; 7. the requirements of segment assembly quality of railway tunnel and quality control of formed tunnel are added.
In this code, the provisions printed in bold type are compulsory, and must be enforced strictly.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) is in charge of the administration of this code and the explanation of the compulsory provisions, and the Center of Science and Technology and Industrialization Development of MOHURD is responsible for the explanation of specific technical contents. If there are any comments or suggestions during the process of implementing this code, please send them to the Center of Science and Technology and Industrialization Development of MOHURD (address: No.9, Sanlihe Road, Beijing; 100835).
Contents
Foreword i
1 General Provisions 1
2 Terms 1
3 Basic Requirements 3
4 Construction Preparation 4
4.1 Preliminary Investigation 4
4.2 Technical Preparation 4
4.3 Selection and Configuration of Shield 5
4.4 Facilities Preparation 7
4.5 Working Shaft 8
5 Construction Survey 9
5.1 General Requirements 9
5.2 Ground Control Survey 10
5.3 Connection Survey 12
5.4 Control Survey in Tunnel 12
5.5 Tunnelling Construction Survey 14
5.6 Breakthrough Survey 16
5.7 As-built Survey 17
6 Segment Production and Acceptance 17
6.1 General Requirements 17
6.2 Raw Material 18
6.3 Mould of Reinforced Concrete Segment 18
6.4 Steel Skeleton 19
6.5 Concrete 21
6.6 Reinforced Concrete Segment 22
6.7 Steel Segment 24
6.8 Storage and Carriage of Segment 25
6.9 Acceptance for Segment 26
7 Tunnelling Construction 27
7.1 General Requirements 27
7.2 Shield Assembly and Debugging 29
7.3 Shield Site Acceptance 29
7.4 Shield Launching 30
7.5 Earth Pressure-balanced Shield Construction 31
7.6 Slurry Shield Construction 31
7.7 Shield Position and Stance Control 32
7.8 Work in Chamber 32
7.9 Shield Arrival 33
7.10 U-turn, Station-crossing and Empty-push 34
7.11 Shield Disassembly 34
8 Construction of Special Section 34
8.1 General Requirements 34
8.2 Construction Measures 35
9 Segment Assembly 39
9.1 General Requirements 39
9.2 Assembly 40
9.3 Assembly Quality Control 40
9.4 Repairing 42
10 Back-fill Grouting 42
10.1 General Requirements 43
10.2 Grouting Materials and Parameters 43
10.3 Grouting 43
11 Tunnel Waterproofing 44
11.1 General Requirements 44
11.2 Joint Waterproofing 44
11.3 Special-site Waterproofing 45
12 Construction Safety and Environmental Protection 45
13 Shield Maintenance and Service 46
14 Construction Transport 47
14.1 General Requirements 47
14.2 Horizontal Transport 47
14.3 Vertical Transport 48
14.4 Pipeline Transport 48
15 Construction Monitoring 48
15.1 General Requirements 48
15.2 Around Tunnel Monitoring 50
15.3 Tunnel Structure Monitoring 51
15.4 Frequency of Monitoring 51
15.5 Control Value and Early Warning of Monitoring 52
15.6 Monitoring Results and Feedback 53
16 Tunnel Acceptance 53
Explanation of Wording in This Code 55
List of Quoted Standards 56
Code for Construction and Acceptance of Shield Tunnelling Method
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to strengthening the management of shield tunnelling construction, unifying the construction technology and quality acceptance criteria of shield tunnelling and ensuring the project safety, environmental safety and project quality during construction process.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the construction and acceptance of tunnelling of prefabricated segment assembly which is constructed with shield tunnelling method.
1.0.3 The construction and acceptance of shield tunnelling shall not only meet the requirements stipulated in this code, but also comply with those in the current relevant national standard.
2 Terms
2.0.1 shield
the whole-section push-type mechanical equipment for tunnel construction, which is composed of host and back-up equipment and completes operations such as tunnelling, residue discharging and segment assembly under the steel shell protection. It is classified into earth pressure balanced shield, slurry balanced shield, open shield and air pressure balanced shield according to the stabilization method of excavated surface
2.0.2 working shaft
the shaft used for shield assembly, disassembly, u-turn, empty-push, segment lifting and muck conveying, etc., including shield launching working shaft, shield arrival working shaft, inspection working shaft, etc.
2.0.3 shield launching
the construction process of shield tunnelling
2.0.4 shield arrival
the construction process of shield reaching the arrival position
2.0.5 shield cradle
the support device used for maintaining such positions and stances as shield launching and arrival
2.0.6 reaction frame
the support device providing reaction for shield launching and tunnelling
2.0.7 segment
the basic unit of prefabricated lining ring of tunnel; segment types include reinforced concrete segment, fiber concrete segment, steel segment, cast iron segment, composite segment, etc.
2.0.8 temporary segment
temporary segment transferring pushing force for the shield launching and tunnelling
2.0.9 mould loosening
the process of opening the top or side template of reinforced concrete segment mould
2.0.10 demoulding
the process of separating the reinforced concrete segment from mould
2.0.11 sealing gasket
the strip waterproof material inlaid in segment joint
2.0.12 back-fill grouting
the construction process of filling grout in the gap between tunnel lining ring and stratum
2.0.13 articulation
the device connected with hydraulic oil cylinder and may adjust the relative position and stance of front and rear shells
2.0.14 shield u-turn
the process of shield turning after completing a section of tunnel during shield construction
2.0.15 shield station-crossing
the process of hauling or pushing the shield by special equipment to make it pass through the station/working shaft
2.0.16 shield empty-push
the shield tunnelling process without soil excavation
2.0.17 shield position and stance
the space state of shield host, which is generally described with such parameters as lateral deviation, vertical deviation, pitching angle, azimuth angle, roll angle and cut mileage
2.0.18 ovality
the ratio of the difference between maximum diameter and minimum diameter to the design inside diameter of tunnel after the circular tunnel segments are lined and assembled into rings, which is expressed in permillage
2.0.19 step
the deviation of joint between adjacent segments
3 Basic Requirements
3.0.1 For the construction of shield tunnelling method, construction management system shall be provided, quality control and inspection system shall be established and safety and environmental protection measures shall be taken.
3.0.2 The type and technical performance of shield shall meet the requirements of engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions, line conditions, environmental protection and tunnel structure design.
3.0.3 Special construction scheme and emergency plan for shield construction shall be prepared according to the shield type, geological conditions and project practices.
3.0.4 The raw material, semi-finished product and finished product of project shall be subject to site acceptance, and may only be used after being judged as acceptable.
3.0.5 The construction site shall meet the land use, construction transport requirements of working shaft, gantry crane, segment storage, slurry station, sludge treatment facilities, materials, muck stacking, charging room, power supply and distribution station, control room, warehouse, etc.
3.0.6 Shield position and stance shall be monitored during construction.
3.0.7 For the construction of shield tunnelling method, project informationization management shall be carried out, and remote monitoring system should be configured.
3.0.8 During construction, the adjacent buildings, underground pipelines, roads and rail transit lines shall be monitored, and necessary technical measures shall be taken for important buildings (structures) or those with special requirements.
3.0.9 Quality conformity indexes shall meet the following requirements:
1 The quality of dominant item, where reaching 100%,shall be deemed as acceptable;
2 The quality of general item, where reaching 95% or above, shall be deemed as acceptable;
3 Complete construction quality acceptance basis and quality acceptance record shall be provided.
4 Construction Preparation
4.1 Preliminary Investigation
4.1.1 Prior to construction, the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the construction section shall be investigated; where necessary, geological survey shall be supplemented.
4.1.2 Site survey and investigation shall be carried out for the ground buildings (structures) within the influence range of the project; detailed investigation shall be carried out for buildings (structures) requiring reinforcement or foundation underpinning; where necessary, appraisal shall be carried out and construction scheme shall be prepared in advance.
4.1.3 Investigation shall be carried out for underground obstacles, underground structures and underground pipelines within the influence range of the project; where necessary, exploration shall be carried out.
4.1.4 Environmental investigation for project shall be carried out according to the environmental protection requirements of the project site.
4.2 Technical Preparation
4.2.1 The following information shall be provided prior to tunnel construction:
1 Engineering geological and hydrogeological survey report;
2 Investigation report on environment, underground pipelines and obstacles along the tunnel;
3 Design drawing information and project technology requirement documents required for construction;
4 Relevant contract documents of project construction;
5 Construction organization design;
6 Relevant information of the proposed shield.
4.2.2 Prior to shield tunnelling construction, the following works shall be completed:
1 Recheck for the position mileage and coordinates of each working shaft, the manufacturing precision of tunnel portal ring and the height and coordinates after installation;
2 Inspection and acceptance of such facilities as shield cradle, temporary segment and reaction frame as well as orientation survey data;
3 Segment reservation;
4 Various statements of shield tunnelling construction;
5 Inspection and acceptance of tunnel portal soil reinforcement and tunnel portal ring hermetic sealing devices.
4.2.3 Construction organization design shall meet the quality, safety, construction period and environmental protection requirements.
4.2.4 Technical training and technical disclosure shall be carried out prior to construction.
4.2.5 Survey and monitoring preparation shall be completed according to project characteristics and environmental conditions prior to construction.
4.3 Selection and Configuration of Shield
4.3.1 Shield selection and configuration shall be applicable, reliable, advanced and economic; the configuration shall include cutter head, hydraulic thrust cylinder, segment assembly machine, screw conveyor, slurry circulation system, articulation, muck conditioning system, grouting system, etc.
Foreword i
1 General Provisions
2 Terms
3 Basic Requirements
4 Construction Preparation
4.1 Preliminary Investigation
4.2 Technical Preparation
4.3 Selection and Configuration of Shield
4.4 Facilities Preparation
4.5 Working Shaft
5 Construction Survey
5.1 General Requirements
5.2 Ground Control Survey
5.3 Connection Survey
5.4 Control Survey in Tunnel
5.5 Tunnelling Construction Survey
5.6 Breakthrough Survey
5.7 As-built Survey
6 Segment Production and Acceptance
6.1 General Requirements
6.2 Raw Material
6.3 Mould of Reinforced Concrete Segment
6.4 Steel Skeleton
6.5 Concrete
6.6 Reinforced Concrete Segment
6.7 Steel Segment
6.8 Storage and Carriage of Segment
6.9 Acceptance for Segment
7 Tunnelling Construction
7.1 General Requirements
7.2 Shield Assembly and Debugging
7.3 Shield Site Acceptance
7.4 Shield Launching
7.5 Earth Pressure-balanced Shield Construction
7.6 Slurry Shield Construction
7.7 Shield Position and Stance Control
7.8 Work in Chamber
7.9 Shield Arrival
7.10 U-turn, Station-crossing and Empty-push
7.11 Shield Disassembly
8 Construction of Special Section
8.1 General Requirements
8.2 Construction Measures
9 Segment Assembly
9.1 General Requirements
9.2 Assembly
9.3 Assembly Quality Control
9.4 Repairing
10 Back-fill Grouting
10.1 General Requirements
10.2 Grouting Materials and Parameters
10.3 Grouting
11 Tunnel Waterproofing
11.1 General Requirements
11.2 Joint Waterproofing
11.3 Special-site Waterproofing
12 Construction Safety and Environmental Protection
13 Shield Maintenance and Service
14 Construction Transport
14.1 General Requirements
14.2 Horizontal Transport
14.3 Vertical Transport
14.4 Pipeline Transport
15 Construction Monitoring
15.1 General Requirements
15.2 Around Tunnel Monitoring
15.3 Tunnel Structure Monitoring
15.4 Frequency of Monitoring
15.5 Control Value and Early Warning of Monitoring
15.6 Monitoring Results and Feedback
16 Tunnel Acceptance
Explanation of Wording in This Code
List of Quoted Standards
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
The code drafting group has revised this code through conducting extensive investigation, carefully summarizing practical experiences, referring to relevant international and foreign advanced standards and widely soliciting for opinions according to the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Development and Revision Plan of National Engineering Construction Standards and Codes in 2014" (JIANBIAO [2013], No. 169) issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.
Main technical contents of this code are: 1. general provisions; 2. terms; 3. basic requirements; 4. construction preparation; 5. construction survey; 6. segment production and acceptance; 7. tunnelling construction; 8. construction of special section; 9. segment assembly; 10. back-fill grouting; 11. tunnel waterproofing; 12. construction safety and environmental protection; 13. shield maintenance and service; 14. construction transport; 15.construction monitoring; 16. tunnel acceptance.
Main technical contents revised in this code include: 1. technical contents of selection and configuration of shield are added; 2. the requirements of breakthrough survey tolerance of oil & gas and municipal tunnels, segment assembly quality and formed tunnel quality control are added; 3. survey requirements for secondary horizontal control network in plain or mountain regions are added; 4. technical requirements for site acceptance of steel segment are added; 5. shield empty-push and construction measures for the section with noxious gas are added; 6. technical contents such as monitoring frequency and monitoring early warning are added; 7. the requirements of segment assembly quality of railway tunnel and quality control of formed tunnel are added.
In this code, the provisions printed in bold type are compulsory, and must be enforced strictly.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) is in charge of the administration of this code and the explanation of the compulsory provisions, and the Center of Science and Technology and Industrialization Development of MOHURD is responsible for the explanation of specific technical contents. If there are any comments or suggestions during the process of implementing this code, please send them to the Center of Science and Technology and Industrialization Development of MOHURD (address: No.9, Sanlihe Road, Beijing; 100835).
Contents
Foreword i
1 General Provisions 1
2 Terms 1
3 Basic Requirements 3
4 Construction Preparation 4
4.1 Preliminary Investigation 4
4.2 Technical Preparation 4
4.3 Selection and Configuration of Shield 5
4.4 Facilities Preparation 7
4.5 Working Shaft 8
5 Construction Survey 9
5.1 General Requirements 9
5.2 Ground Control Survey 10
5.3 Connection Survey 12
5.4 Control Survey in Tunnel 12
5.5 Tunnelling Construction Survey 14
5.6 Breakthrough Survey 16
5.7 As-built Survey 17
6 Segment Production and Acceptance 17
6.1 General Requirements 17
6.2 Raw Material 18
6.3 Mould of Reinforced Concrete Segment 18
6.4 Steel Skeleton 19
6.5 Concrete 21
6.6 Reinforced Concrete Segment 22
6.7 Steel Segment 24
6.8 Storage and Carriage of Segment 25
6.9 Acceptance for Segment 26
7 Tunnelling Construction 27
7.1 General Requirements 27
7.2 Shield Assembly and Debugging 29
7.3 Shield Site Acceptance 29
7.4 Shield Launching 30
7.5 Earth Pressure-balanced Shield Construction 31
7.6 Slurry Shield Construction 31
7.7 Shield Position and Stance Control 32
7.8 Work in Chamber 32
7.9 Shield Arrival 33
7.10 U-turn, Station-crossing and Empty-push 34
7.11 Shield Disassembly 34
8 Construction of Special Section 34
8.1 General Requirements 34
8.2 Construction Measures 35
9 Segment Assembly 39
9.1 General Requirements 39
9.2 Assembly 40
9.3 Assembly Quality Control 40
9.4 Repairing 42
10 Back-fill Grouting 42
10.1 General Requirements 43
10.2 Grouting Materials and Parameters 43
10.3 Grouting 43
11 Tunnel Waterproofing 44
11.1 General Requirements 44
11.2 Joint Waterproofing 44
11.3 Special-site Waterproofing 45
12 Construction Safety and Environmental Protection 45
13 Shield Maintenance and Service 46
14 Construction Transport 47
14.1 General Requirements 47
14.2 Horizontal Transport 47
14.3 Vertical Transport 48
14.4 Pipeline Transport 48
15 Construction Monitoring 48
15.1 General Requirements 48
15.2 Around Tunnel Monitoring 50
15.3 Tunnel Structure Monitoring 51
15.4 Frequency of Monitoring 51
15.5 Control Value and Early Warning of Monitoring 52
15.6 Monitoring Results and Feedback 53
16 Tunnel Acceptance 53
Explanation of Wording in This Code 55
List of Quoted Standards 56
Code for Construction and Acceptance of Shield Tunnelling Method
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to strengthening the management of shield tunnelling construction, unifying the construction technology and quality acceptance criteria of shield tunnelling and ensuring the project safety, environmental safety and project quality during construction process.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the construction and acceptance of tunnelling of prefabricated segment assembly which is constructed with shield tunnelling method.
1.0.3 The construction and acceptance of shield tunnelling shall not only meet the requirements stipulated in this code, but also comply with those in the current relevant national standard.
2 Terms
2.0.1 shield
the whole-section push-type mechanical equipment for tunnel construction, which is composed of host and back-up equipment and completes operations such as tunnelling, residue discharging and segment assembly under the steel shell protection. It is classified into earth pressure balanced shield, slurry balanced shield, open shield and air pressure balanced shield according to the stabilization method of excavated surface
2.0.2 working shaft
the shaft used for shield assembly, disassembly, u-turn, empty-push, segment lifting and muck conveying, etc., including shield launching working shaft, shield arrival working shaft, inspection working shaft, etc.
2.0.3 shield launching
the construction process of shield tunnelling
2.0.4 shield arrival
the construction process of shield reaching the arrival position
2.0.5 shield cradle
the support device used for maintaining such positions and stances as shield launching and arrival
2.0.6 reaction frame
the support device providing reaction for shield launching and tunnelling
2.0.7 segment
the basic unit of prefabricated lining ring of tunnel; segment types include reinforced concrete segment, fiber concrete segment, steel segment, cast iron segment, composite segment, etc.
2.0.8 temporary segment
temporary segment transferring pushing force for the shield launching and tunnelling
2.0.9 mould loosening
the process of opening the top or side template of reinforced concrete segment mould
2.0.10 demoulding
the process of separating the reinforced concrete segment from mould
2.0.11 sealing gasket
the strip waterproof material inlaid in segment joint
2.0.12 back-fill grouting
the construction process of filling grout in the gap between tunnel lining ring and stratum
2.0.13 articulation
the device connected with hydraulic oil cylinder and may adjust the relative position and stance of front and rear shells
2.0.14 shield u-turn
the process of shield turning after completing a section of tunnel during shield construction
2.0.15 shield station-crossing
the process of hauling or pushing the shield by special equipment to make it pass through the station/working shaft
2.0.16 shield empty-push
the shield tunnelling process without soil excavation
2.0.17 shield position and stance
the space state of shield host, which is generally described with such parameters as lateral deviation, vertical deviation, pitching angle, azimuth angle, roll angle and cut mileage
2.0.18 ovality
the ratio of the difference between maximum diameter and minimum diameter to the design inside diameter of tunnel after the circular tunnel segments are lined and assembled into rings, which is expressed in permillage
2.0.19 step
the deviation of joint between adjacent segments
3 Basic Requirements
3.0.1 For the construction of shield tunnelling method, construction management system shall be provided, quality control and inspection system shall be established and safety and environmental protection measures shall be taken.
3.0.2 The type and technical performance of shield shall meet the requirements of engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions, line conditions, environmental protection and tunnel structure design.
3.0.3 Special construction scheme and emergency plan for shield construction shall be prepared according to the shield type, geological conditions and project practices.
3.0.4 The raw material, semi-finished product and finished product of project shall be subject to site acceptance, and may only be used after being judged as acceptable.
3.0.5 The construction site shall meet the land use, construction transport requirements of working shaft, gantry crane, segment storage, slurry station, sludge treatment facilities, materials, muck stacking, charging room, power supply and distribution station, control room, warehouse, etc.
3.0.6 Shield position and stance shall be monitored during construction.
3.0.7 For the construction of shield tunnelling method, project informationization management shall be carried out, and remote monitoring system should be configured.
3.0.8 During construction, the adjacent buildings, underground pipelines, roads and rail transit lines shall be monitored, and necessary technical measures shall be taken for important buildings (structures) or those with special requirements.
3.0.9 Quality conformity indexes shall meet the following requirements:
1 The quality of dominant item, where reaching 100%,shall be deemed as acceptable;
2 The quality of general item, where reaching 95% or above, shall be deemed as acceptable;
3 Complete construction quality acceptance basis and quality acceptance record shall be provided.
4 Construction Preparation
4.1 Preliminary Investigation
4.1.1 Prior to construction, the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the construction section shall be investigated; where necessary, geological survey shall be supplemented.
4.1.2 Site survey and investigation shall be carried out for the ground buildings (structures) within the influence range of the project; detailed investigation shall be carried out for buildings (structures) requiring reinforcement or foundation underpinning; where necessary, appraisal shall be carried out and construction scheme shall be prepared in advance.
4.1.3 Investigation shall be carried out for underground obstacles, underground structures and underground pipelines within the influence range of the project; where necessary, exploration shall be carried out.
4.1.4 Environmental investigation for project shall be carried out according to the environmental protection requirements of the project site.
4.2 Technical Preparation
4.2.1 The following information shall be provided prior to tunnel construction:
1 Engineering geological and hydrogeological survey report;
2 Investigation report on environment, underground pipelines and obstacles along the tunnel;
3 Design drawing information and project technology requirement documents required for construction;
4 Relevant contract documents of project construction;
5 Construction organization design;
6 Relevant information of the proposed shield.
4.2.2 Prior to shield tunnelling construction, the following works shall be completed:
1 Recheck for the position mileage and coordinates of each working shaft, the manufacturing precision of tunnel portal ring and the height and coordinates after installation;
2 Inspection and acceptance of such facilities as shield cradle, temporary segment and reaction frame as well as orientation survey data;
3 Segment reservation;
4 Various statements of shield tunnelling construction;
5 Inspection and acceptance of tunnel portal soil reinforcement and tunnel portal ring hermetic sealing devices.
4.2.3 Construction organization design shall meet the quality, safety, construction period and environmental protection requirements.
4.2.4 Technical training and technical disclosure shall be carried out prior to construction.
4.2.5 Survey and monitoring preparation shall be completed according to project characteristics and environmental conditions prior to construction.
4.3 Selection and Configuration of Shield
4.3.1 Shield selection and configuration shall be applicable, reliable, advanced and economic; the configuration shall include cutter head, hydraulic thrust cylinder, segment assembly machine, screw conveyor, slurry circulation system, articulation, muck conditioning system, grouting system, etc.
Contents of GB 50446-2017
Foreword i
1 General Provisions
2 Terms
3 Basic Requirements
4 Construction Preparation
4.1 Preliminary Investigation
4.2 Technical Preparation
4.3 Selection and Configuration of Shield
4.4 Facilities Preparation
4.5 Working Shaft
5 Construction Survey
5.1 General Requirements
5.2 Ground Control Survey
5.3 Connection Survey
5.4 Control Survey in Tunnel
5.5 Tunnelling Construction Survey
5.6 Breakthrough Survey
5.7 As-built Survey
6 Segment Production and Acceptance
6.1 General Requirements
6.2 Raw Material
6.3 Mould of Reinforced Concrete Segment
6.4 Steel Skeleton
6.5 Concrete
6.6 Reinforced Concrete Segment
6.7 Steel Segment
6.8 Storage and Carriage of Segment
6.9 Acceptance for Segment
7 Tunnelling Construction
7.1 General Requirements
7.2 Shield Assembly and Debugging
7.3 Shield Site Acceptance
7.4 Shield Launching
7.5 Earth Pressure-balanced Shield Construction
7.6 Slurry Shield Construction
7.7 Shield Position and Stance Control
7.8 Work in Chamber
7.9 Shield Arrival
7.10 U-turn, Station-crossing and Empty-push
7.11 Shield Disassembly
8 Construction of Special Section
8.1 General Requirements
8.2 Construction Measures
9 Segment Assembly
9.1 General Requirements
9.2 Assembly
9.3 Assembly Quality Control
9.4 Repairing
10 Back-fill Grouting
10.1 General Requirements
10.2 Grouting Materials and Parameters
10.3 Grouting
11 Tunnel Waterproofing
11.1 General Requirements
11.2 Joint Waterproofing
11.3 Special-site Waterproofing
12 Construction Safety and Environmental Protection
13 Shield Maintenance and Service
14 Construction Transport
14.1 General Requirements
14.2 Horizontal Transport
14.3 Vertical Transport
14.4 Pipeline Transport
15 Construction Monitoring
15.1 General Requirements
15.2 Around Tunnel Monitoring
15.3 Tunnel Structure Monitoring
15.4 Frequency of Monitoring
15.5 Control Value and Early Warning of Monitoring
15.6 Monitoring Results and Feedback
16 Tunnel Acceptance
Explanation of Wording in This Code
List of Quoted Standards
