ndustrial trucks—Safety requirements and verification—Part 1:Self-propelled industrial trucks|| other than driverless trucks||variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks,includes Amendment 1
This part of GB 10827 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for the following types of self-propelled industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks), as defined in ISO 5053:
a) Industrial counterbalanced trucks;
b) Reach trucks with retractable mast or retractable fork arm carriage;
c) Straddle trucks;
d) Pallet-stacking trucks;
e) High-lift platform trucks;
f) Trucks with elevating operator position up to 1200 mm;
g) Side-loading trucks (one side only);
h) Lateral-stacking trucks (both sides), and lateral- and front-stacking trucks;
i) Pallet trucks;
j) Bidirectional and multidirectional trucks;
k) Tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N;
l) Rough-terrain counterbalanced trucks;
m) Industrial trucks powered by battery, diesel, gasoline or LPG (liquefied petroleum gas).
Note 1: Trucks powered by CNG (compressed natural gas) are not dealt with. It is intended that CNG and other power sources be addressed in future revisions of this part.
For trucks with an elevating operator position of more than 1 200 mm and/or trucks designed to travel with an elevated load of more than 1 200 mm, this part is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 3691-3.
Note 2: ISO 3691-3 is not applicable to counterbalanced fork lift trucks or trucks intended for container handling.
Note 3: Some low-level order pickers with an elevating operator's position up to and including 1200 mm lift height can be equipped with an additional lifting device to lift the load to a maximum lift height of 1800 mm.
This part is not applicable to self-propelled variable-reach trucks, driverless trucks or burden carriers, which are covered in ISO 3691-2, ISO 3691-4 and ISO 3691-6, respectively.
It is not applicable to industrial trucks operating in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, hazardous environments), where special precautions can be necessary.
This part deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events, as listed in Annex B, with the exception of the following, relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
It does not establish requirements for hazards that can occur:
——during construction;
——when handling suspended loads that can swing freely;
——when using trucks on public roads;
——when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres;
——when using trucks in very narrow aisles with clearance of less than 500 mm to the racks;
——arising from a non-ergonomic body attitude when driving sit-on trucks, load trailing;
——during travelling with unladen trucks having a rated capacity of more than 10000kg, due to visibility concerns;
——due to overload.
Note 4: For the purposes of this part, fork arms, load platforms and integrated attachments are considered to be parts of the industrial truck. Attachments mounted on the load carrier or on the fork arms which are removable by the user are not considered to be part of the industrial truck. Requirements for attachments are given in the appropriate clauses.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative documents (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 5143-2008 Industrial Trucks - Overhead Guards - Specification and Testing (ISO 6055: 2004, IDT)
GB/T 5169.16 - 2008 Fire Hazard Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 16: Test Flames - 50W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Methods(IEC 60695-11-10: 2003, IDT)
GB/T 5184-2008 Fork-lift Trucks - Hook-on Type Fork Arms and Fork Arm Carriages - Mounting Dimensions(ISO 2328: 2007, IDT)
GB/T 7593-2008 Powered Industrial Trucks - Symbols for Operator Controls and Other Displays (ISO 3287: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 8420-2011 Earth-moving Machinery - Physical Dimensions of Operators and Minimum Operator Space Envelope (ISO 3411: 2007, IDT)
GB 10827.5-2013 Industrial Trucks - Safety Requirements and Verification - Part 5: Pedestrian-Propelled Trucks (ISO 3691-5: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of Machinery - General Principles for Design - Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction (ISO 12100: 2010, IDT)
GB 16754-2008 Safety of Machinery - Emergency Stop - Principles for Design (ISO 13850: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 16855.1-2008 Safety of Machinery - Safety-related Parts of Control Systems - Part 1: General Principles for Design (ISO 13849-1: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 17300-2010 Earth-moving Machinery - Access Systems (ISO 2867: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 18849-2011 Powered Industrial Trucks - Brake Performance and Component Strength (ISO 6292: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 22417-2008 Fork-Lift Trucks - Fork-Arm Extensions and Telescopic Fork Arms - Technical Characteristics and Strength Requirements(ISO 13284: 2003, IDT)
GB/T 22418-2008 Industrial Trucks - Additional Requirements for Automated Functions on Trucks (ISO 24134: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 22419-2008 Industrial Trucks - Specification for Indicator Lights for Container Handling and Grappler Arm Operations (ISO 15871: 2000, IDT)
GB/T 26560-2011 Powered Industrial Trucks--Safety Signs and Hazard Pictorials - General Principles (ISO 15870: 2000, IDT)
GB/T 26562-2011 Construction and Layout of Pedals of Self-propelled Sit-down Rider-controlled Industrial trucks - Rules for the Construction and Layout of Pedals (ISO 21281: 2005, IDT)
GB/T 26948.1-2011 Industrial Trucks - Specifications and Test Methods for Operator Restraint Systems - Part 1: Lap-type Seat Belts (ISO 24135-1: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 26949.1-2012 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 1: General(ISO 22915-1: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 26949.2-2013 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 2:Counterbalanced Trucks with Mast (ISO 22915-2: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 26949.3-2013 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 3: Reach and Straddle Trucks(ISO 22915-3: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 26949.10-2011 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability — Part 10: Additional Stability Test for Trucks Operating in the Special Condition of Stacking with Load Laterally Displaced by Powered Devices (ISO 22915-10: 2008, IDT)
ISO 2330 Fork-lift Trucks - Fork Arms - Technical Characteristics and Testing
ISO 3691-3: —1) Industrial Trucks - Safety Requirements and Verification - Part 3: Additional Requirements for Trucks with Elevating Operator Position and Trucks Specifically designed to Travel with Elevated Loads
ISO 3795: 1989 Road Vehicles, and Tractors and Machinery for Agriculture and Forestry - Determination of Burning Behaviour of Interior Materials
ISO 5053 Powered Industrial Trucks - Terminology
ISO 13564-1: 2012 Powered Industrial Trucks - Test Methods for Verification of Visibility - Part 1: Sit-on and Stand-on Operator Trucks up to and Including 10 t Capacity
ISO 22915-4: 2009 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 4: Pallet Stackers, Double Stackers and Order-Picking Trucks with Operator Position Elevating up to and Including 1 200 mm Lift Height
ISO 22915-7: 2009 Industrial Trucks Verification of Stability - Part 7: Bidirectional and Multidirectional Trucks
ISO 22915-8: 2008 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 8: Additional Stability Test for Trucks Operating in the Special Condition of Stacking with Mast Tilted Forward and Load Elevated)
ISO 22915-11: 2011 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 11: Industrial Variable-reach Trucks
ISO 22915-20: 2008 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 20: Additional Stability Test for Trucks Operating in the Special Condition of Offset Load, Offset by Utilization
ISO 22915-21: 2009 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 21: Order-Picking Trucks with Operator Position Elevating Above 1200 mm
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053 and GB/T 15706 and the following apply.
3.1
Self-propelled industrial truck
Wheeled vehicle having at least three wheels with a powered driving mechanism, except for those running on rails, designed either to carry, tow, push, lift, stack or tier in racks any kind of load and controlled by an operator (3.7).
Note: See ISO 5053 for a comprehensive terminology.
3.2
Pedestrian-controlled truck
Truck designed to be controlled by an operator (3.7) walking with the truck by means of, for example, a tiller or remote control.
Note: The truck may be equipped with a stand-on option.
3.3
Ride-on truck
Truck designed to be controlled by an operator (3.7) riding on a seat or a driving platform on the truck.
Note: Stand-on industrial trucks with a seat for the operator are considered as being stand-on trucks.
3.4
Low-lift truck
Truck having a lift height of 500 mm or less.
3.5
Bidirectional truck
Truck designed to travel in either direction on a line parallel with its longitudinal axis, or perpendicular to this axis.
Note: Adapted from ISO 5053:1987, 3.6.1.2.
3.6
Multidirectional truck
Truck designed to travel in any direction relative to its longitudinal axis.
Note: Adapted from ISO 5053:1987, 3.6.1.3.
3.7
Operator
Designated person, appropriately trained and authorized, who is responsible for the movement and load handling of an industrial truck.
Note 1: Depending on the truck type, the operator can be riding on the industrial truck, on foot accompanying the truck(e.g. tiller-, cable-controlled) or remote from the truck (e.g. remote radio-controlled).
Note 2: National regulations can apply.
3.8
Normal operating position
Position in which the operator is able to control all functions for driving and load handling as defined by the manufacturer.
Note: Additional positions are permitted to be defined by the manufacturer if it is not possible to control all the functions of the truck from a single position. A rotating seat or stand-up end-control truck with more than one operating direction is considered as being or having a single operating position.
3.9
Lift height
Vertical distance between the upper face of the fork blades or the lifting platform and the ground.
3.10
Lift height for travelling
Lifting height up to and including 500 mm providing sufficient ground clearance for travelling.
Note: It is identical to the maximum lift height for the stability test for travelling.
3.11
Low lift height
Maximum lift height up to and including 500 mm, where the vertical centre of gravity of the load does not exceed 1100 mm above the ground.
3.12
Automatically acting brakes
Mechanical brakes which automatically apply in the non-travelling condition until released by the control of the operator.
3.13
Lost load centre
Horizontal shift in the standard load centre that may occur when removable attachments are added to a truck.
Note: For standard load centre, see Annex A.
3.14
Actual capacity
Maximum load, expressed in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and truck stability, that a truck can carry, lift and stack to a specified height, at a specified load centre distance and reach, if applicable, in normal operation.
Note: The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck, including variables such as the type and lift height of the mast fitted, the actual load centre and any attachments that might be fitted. This actual capacity defines the load-handling ability of the particular truck, as equipped. Additional actual capacity ratings with removable attachments can also be established where permitted by the appropriate stability tests or by calculation verified by empirical data.
3.15
Rated capacity
Maximum load, expressed in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and truck stability, that the truck can carry, lift and stack to the standard lift height and at the standard position of the centre of gravity.
Note 1: For centre of gravity, see Annex A.
Note 2: If the lifting height of the mast is lower than the standard lift height, H, the rated capacity is still assessed at the standard lift height.
Note 3: The rated capacity is used to compare the capacity of different manufacturers' trucks and to provide the break points used in technical standards and statistics. The operating limits for the truck are defined by its actual capacity.
4 Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
4.1 General
4.1.1 Overall requirements
The truck shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause.
In addition, the truck shall be designed according to the principles of GB/T 15706 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this part.
4.1.2 Normal climatic conditions
For truck operation, the following climatic conditions apply:
——Average ambient temperature for continuous duty: +25℃;
——Maximum ambient temperature, short term (up to 1 h): +40℃;
——Lowest ambient temperature for trucks intended for use in normal indoor conditions: +5℃;
——Lowest ambient temperature for trucks intended for use in normal outdoor conditions: -20 ℃;
——Altitude: ≤ 2000m.
4.1.3 Normal operating conditions
Normal operating conditions are the following:
——Driving (travelling and lifting) on substantially firm, smooth, level and prepared surfaces - the surface conditions on which the truck is designed to operate shall be specified in the instruction handbook (see 6.2);
——Driving with the horizontal load centre of gravity approximately on the longitudinal centre plane of the truck;
——Travelling with the mast or fork arms tilted backwards, where applicable, and the load in the lowered (travel) position.
If the above is not sufficient to allow the conditions for stability of a particular truck type to be specified, then the operating conditions shall be according to the standard referenced for stability in 4.8.
4.1.4 Electrical requirements
Electrical requirements shall comply with GB/T 27544.
4.1.5 Edges or angles
There shall be no sharp edges or angles posing a hazard in the area of the operator in the normal operating position or in the area of access and egress during normal operation and daily checks.
4.1.6 Stored energy components
Components which store energy and that would cause a risk during removal or disassembly, e.g. hydraulic accumulator or spring-applied brakes, shall be provided with a means to release the energy before removal or disassembly.
4.2 Starting/moving
4.2.1 Unauthorized starting
Trucks shall be provided with a device (e.g. key, code, magnetic card) which prevents starting without its use.
Such devices for pedestrian-controlled and rider-controlled trucks manufactured by the same manufacturer shall not be interchangeable between the two truck types. Where devices, e.g. magnetic cards, are destined for an individual operator, one device may be used on both truck types but shall not allow starting by unauthorized persons.
4.2.2 Unintended movement and inadvertent activation
Truck movement from the holding position, other than by actuation of the controls by the operator, due to drift or creep (e.g. by leakage), shall be avoided.
4.2.2.1 Parking brakes
A parking brake complying with 4.3.1 shall be provided.
For sit-on rider trucks, the parking brake system shall be manually operable by hand or foot from the normal operating position or automatically applied by leaving the normal operating position. Trucks with only non-automatically applied parking brake(s) shall have a warning to the operator to apply the brakes before leaving the truck.
Failure of the control system of an automatically applied parking brake shall be indicated to the operator.
4.2.2.2 Internal-combustion-engine powered trucks
Internal-combustion-engine powered trucks shall be fitted with a device which prevents the engine being started while the transmission is engaged.
4.2.2.3 Travel controls
Travel controls on internal-combustion-engine powered trucks shall be so arranged that on level ground the truck will not move from rest until the transmission has been engaged.
4.2.2.4 Powered travel movement
Powered travel movement of the truck with a ride-on operator shall be possible only if the operator is in the normal operating position.
Powered travel shall not occur automatically when the operator returns to the normal operating position without an additional operation, e.g. by requiring a resetting of the direction control or reactivation of the speed control.
4.2.2.5 Manual gearbox and manually operated clutch pedal
A truck with an automotive-type manual gearbox and manually operated clutch pedal satisfies the requirements of 4.2.2.2 and 4.2.2.4.
4.2.3 Travel speed
4.2.3.1 Pedestrian-controlled trucks
Single-speed pedestrian-controlled trucks operating on level ground shall not exceed a travel speed of 4 km/h and an acceleration of 0.5 m/s2 and shall be designed for low-lift only.
Variable-speed pedestrian-controlled trucks operating on level ground shall be controllable by the operator to be aligned with their walking speed not exceeding 6 km/h.
4.2.3.2 Stand-on trucks and pedestrian-controlled trucks with foldable platform
The maximum speed on level ground of stand-on trucks and pedestrian-controlled trucks fitted with a foldable platform when the operator is on the platform shall not exceed 16 km/h.
For trucks with a foldable operator platform, see 4.7.3.3.
For trucks with stand-on options, see 4.7.3.2 and 4.7.3.4.
Foreword I Introduction III 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions 4 Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures 5 Verification of Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures 6 Information for Use Annex A (Normative) Determination of Driving Direction and Rated Capacity Annex B (Informative) List of Significant Hazards References
GB/T 10827.1-2014/XG1-2021 ndustrial trucks—Safety requirements and verification—Part 1:Self-propelled industrial trucks|| other than driverless trucks||variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks,includes Amendment 1 (English Version)
Standard No.
GB/T 10827.1-2014/XG1-2021
Status
valid
Language
English
File Format
PDF
Word Count
20000 words
Price(USD)
600.0
Implemented on
2022-4-1
Delivery
via email in 1 business day
Detail of GB/T 10827.1-2014/XG1-2021
Standard No.
GB/T 10827.1-2014/XG1-2021
English Name
ndustrial trucks—Safety requirements and verification—Part 1:Self-propelled industrial trucks|| other than driverless trucks||variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks,includes Amendment 1
1 Scope
This part of GB 10827 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for the following types of self-propelled industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks), as defined in ISO 5053:
a) Industrial counterbalanced trucks;
b) Reach trucks with retractable mast or retractable fork arm carriage;
c) Straddle trucks;
d) Pallet-stacking trucks;
e) High-lift platform trucks;
f) Trucks with elevating operator position up to 1200 mm;
g) Side-loading trucks (one side only);
h) Lateral-stacking trucks (both sides), and lateral- and front-stacking trucks;
i) Pallet trucks;
j) Bidirectional and multidirectional trucks;
k) Tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N;
l) Rough-terrain counterbalanced trucks;
m) Industrial trucks powered by battery, diesel, gasoline or LPG (liquefied petroleum gas).
Note 1: Trucks powered by CNG (compressed natural gas) are not dealt with. It is intended that CNG and other power sources be addressed in future revisions of this part.
For trucks with an elevating operator position of more than 1 200 mm and/or trucks designed to travel with an elevated load of more than 1 200 mm, this part is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 3691-3.
Note 2: ISO 3691-3 is not applicable to counterbalanced fork lift trucks or trucks intended for container handling.
Note 3: Some low-level order pickers with an elevating operator's position up to and including 1200 mm lift height can be equipped with an additional lifting device to lift the load to a maximum lift height of 1800 mm.
This part is not applicable to self-propelled variable-reach trucks, driverless trucks or burden carriers, which are covered in ISO 3691-2, ISO 3691-4 and ISO 3691-6, respectively.
It is not applicable to industrial trucks operating in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, hazardous environments), where special precautions can be necessary.
This part deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events, as listed in Annex B, with the exception of the following, relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
It does not establish requirements for hazards that can occur:
——during construction;
——when handling suspended loads that can swing freely;
——when using trucks on public roads;
——when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres;
——when using trucks in very narrow aisles with clearance of less than 500 mm to the racks;
——arising from a non-ergonomic body attitude when driving sit-on trucks, load trailing;
——during travelling with unladen trucks having a rated capacity of more than 10000kg, due to visibility concerns;
——due to overload.
Note 4: For the purposes of this part, fork arms, load platforms and integrated attachments are considered to be parts of the industrial truck. Attachments mounted on the load carrier or on the fork arms which are removable by the user are not considered to be part of the industrial truck. Requirements for attachments are given in the appropriate clauses.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative documents (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 5143-2008 Industrial Trucks - Overhead Guards - Specification and Testing (ISO 6055: 2004, IDT)
GB/T 5169.16 - 2008 Fire Hazard Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 16: Test Flames - 50W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Methods(IEC 60695-11-10: 2003, IDT)
GB/T 5184-2008 Fork-lift Trucks - Hook-on Type Fork Arms and Fork Arm Carriages - Mounting Dimensions(ISO 2328: 2007, IDT)
GB/T 7593-2008 Powered Industrial Trucks - Symbols for Operator Controls and Other Displays (ISO 3287: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 8420-2011 Earth-moving Machinery - Physical Dimensions of Operators and Minimum Operator Space Envelope (ISO 3411: 2007, IDT)
GB 10827.5-2013 Industrial Trucks - Safety Requirements and Verification - Part 5: Pedestrian-Propelled Trucks (ISO 3691-5: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of Machinery - General Principles for Design - Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction (ISO 12100: 2010, IDT)
GB 16754-2008 Safety of Machinery - Emergency Stop - Principles for Design (ISO 13850: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 16855.1-2008 Safety of Machinery - Safety-related Parts of Control Systems - Part 1: General Principles for Design (ISO 13849-1: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 17300-2010 Earth-moving Machinery - Access Systems (ISO 2867: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 18849-2011 Powered Industrial Trucks - Brake Performance and Component Strength (ISO 6292: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 22417-2008 Fork-Lift Trucks - Fork-Arm Extensions and Telescopic Fork Arms - Technical Characteristics and Strength Requirements(ISO 13284: 2003, IDT)
GB/T 22418-2008 Industrial Trucks - Additional Requirements for Automated Functions on Trucks (ISO 24134: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 22419-2008 Industrial Trucks - Specification for Indicator Lights for Container Handling and Grappler Arm Operations (ISO 15871: 2000, IDT)
GB/T 26560-2011 Powered Industrial Trucks--Safety Signs and Hazard Pictorials - General Principles (ISO 15870: 2000, IDT)
GB/T 26562-2011 Construction and Layout of Pedals of Self-propelled Sit-down Rider-controlled Industrial trucks - Rules for the Construction and Layout of Pedals (ISO 21281: 2005, IDT)
GB/T 26948.1-2011 Industrial Trucks - Specifications and Test Methods for Operator Restraint Systems - Part 1: Lap-type Seat Belts (ISO 24135-1: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 26949.1-2012 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 1: General(ISO 22915-1: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 26949.2-2013 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 2:Counterbalanced Trucks with Mast (ISO 22915-2: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 26949.3-2013 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 3: Reach and Straddle Trucks(ISO 22915-3: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 26949.10-2011 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability — Part 10: Additional Stability Test for Trucks Operating in the Special Condition of Stacking with Load Laterally Displaced by Powered Devices (ISO 22915-10: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 27544-2011 Industrial Trucks - Electrical Requirements (ISO 20898: 2008, IDT)
ISO 2330 Fork-lift Trucks - Fork Arms - Technical Characteristics and Testing
ISO 3691-3: —1) Industrial Trucks - Safety Requirements and Verification - Part 3: Additional Requirements for Trucks with Elevating Operator Position and Trucks Specifically designed to Travel with Elevated Loads
ISO 3795: 1989 Road Vehicles, and Tractors and Machinery for Agriculture and Forestry - Determination of Burning Behaviour of Interior Materials
ISO 5053 Powered Industrial Trucks - Terminology
ISO 13564-1: 2012 Powered Industrial Trucks - Test Methods for Verification of Visibility - Part 1: Sit-on and Stand-on Operator Trucks up to and Including 10 t Capacity
ISO 22915-4: 2009 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 4: Pallet Stackers, Double Stackers and Order-Picking Trucks with Operator Position Elevating up to and Including 1 200 mm Lift Height
ISO 22915-7: 2009 Industrial Trucks Verification of Stability - Part 7: Bidirectional and Multidirectional Trucks
ISO 22915-8: 2008 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 8: Additional Stability Test for Trucks Operating in the Special Condition of Stacking with Mast Tilted Forward and Load Elevated)
ISO 22915-11: 2011 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 11: Industrial Variable-reach Trucks
ISO 22915-20: 2008 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 20: Additional Stability Test for Trucks Operating in the Special Condition of Offset Load, Offset by Utilization
ISO 22915-21: 2009 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 21: Order-Picking Trucks with Operator Position Elevating Above 1200 mm
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053 and GB/T 15706 and the following apply.
3.1
Self-propelled industrial truck
Wheeled vehicle having at least three wheels with a powered driving mechanism, except for those running on rails, designed either to carry, tow, push, lift, stack or tier in racks any kind of load and controlled by an operator (3.7).
Note: See ISO 5053 for a comprehensive terminology.
3.2
Pedestrian-controlled truck
Truck designed to be controlled by an operator (3.7) walking with the truck by means of, for example, a tiller or remote control.
Note: The truck may be equipped with a stand-on option.
3.3
Ride-on truck
Truck designed to be controlled by an operator (3.7) riding on a seat or a driving platform on the truck.
Note: Stand-on industrial trucks with a seat for the operator are considered as being stand-on trucks.
3.4
Low-lift truck
Truck having a lift height of 500 mm or less.
3.5
Bidirectional truck
Truck designed to travel in either direction on a line parallel with its longitudinal axis, or perpendicular to this axis.
Note: Adapted from ISO 5053:1987, 3.6.1.2.
3.6
Multidirectional truck
Truck designed to travel in any direction relative to its longitudinal axis.
Note: Adapted from ISO 5053:1987, 3.6.1.3.
3.7
Operator
Designated person, appropriately trained and authorized, who is responsible for the movement and load handling of an industrial truck.
Note 1: Depending on the truck type, the operator can be riding on the industrial truck, on foot accompanying the truck(e.g. tiller-, cable-controlled) or remote from the truck (e.g. remote radio-controlled).
Note 2: National regulations can apply.
3.8
Normal operating position
Position in which the operator is able to control all functions for driving and load handling as defined by the manufacturer.
Note: Additional positions are permitted to be defined by the manufacturer if it is not possible to control all the functions of the truck from a single position. A rotating seat or stand-up end-control truck with more than one operating direction is considered as being or having a single operating position.
3.9
Lift height
Vertical distance between the upper face of the fork blades or the lifting platform and the ground.
3.10
Lift height for travelling
Lifting height up to and including 500 mm providing sufficient ground clearance for travelling.
Note: It is identical to the maximum lift height for the stability test for travelling.
3.11
Low lift height
Maximum lift height up to and including 500 mm, where the vertical centre of gravity of the load does not exceed 1100 mm above the ground.
3.12
Automatically acting brakes
Mechanical brakes which automatically apply in the non-travelling condition until released by the control of the operator.
3.13
Lost load centre
Horizontal shift in the standard load centre that may occur when removable attachments are added to a truck.
Note: For standard load centre, see Annex A.
3.14
Actual capacity
Maximum load, expressed in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and truck stability, that a truck can carry, lift and stack to a specified height, at a specified load centre distance and reach, if applicable, in normal operation.
Note: The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck, including variables such as the type and lift height of the mast fitted, the actual load centre and any attachments that might be fitted. This actual capacity defines the load-handling ability of the particular truck, as equipped. Additional actual capacity ratings with removable attachments can also be established where permitted by the appropriate stability tests or by calculation verified by empirical data.
3.15
Rated capacity
Maximum load, expressed in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and truck stability, that the truck can carry, lift and stack to the standard lift height and at the standard position of the centre of gravity.
Note 1: For centre of gravity, see Annex A.
Note 2: If the lifting height of the mast is lower than the standard lift height, H, the rated capacity is still assessed at the standard lift height.
Note 3: The rated capacity is used to compare the capacity of different manufacturers' trucks and to provide the break points used in technical standards and statistics. The operating limits for the truck are defined by its actual capacity.
4 Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
4.1 General
4.1.1 Overall requirements
The truck shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause.
In addition, the truck shall be designed according to the principles of GB/T 15706 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this part.
4.1.2 Normal climatic conditions
For truck operation, the following climatic conditions apply:
——Average ambient temperature for continuous duty: +25℃;
——Maximum ambient temperature, short term (up to 1 h): +40℃;
——Lowest ambient temperature for trucks intended for use in normal indoor conditions: +5℃;
——Lowest ambient temperature for trucks intended for use in normal outdoor conditions: -20 ℃;
——Altitude: ≤ 2000m.
4.1.3 Normal operating conditions
Normal operating conditions are the following:
——Driving (travelling and lifting) on substantially firm, smooth, level and prepared surfaces - the surface conditions on which the truck is designed to operate shall be specified in the instruction handbook (see 6.2);
——Driving with the horizontal load centre of gravity approximately on the longitudinal centre plane of the truck;
——Travelling with the mast or fork arms tilted backwards, where applicable, and the load in the lowered (travel) position.
If the above is not sufficient to allow the conditions for stability of a particular truck type to be specified, then the operating conditions shall be according to the standard referenced for stability in 4.8.
4.1.4 Electrical requirements
Electrical requirements shall comply with GB/T 27544.
4.1.5 Edges or angles
There shall be no sharp edges or angles posing a hazard in the area of the operator in the normal operating position or in the area of access and egress during normal operation and daily checks.
4.1.6 Stored energy components
Components which store energy and that would cause a risk during removal or disassembly, e.g. hydraulic accumulator or spring-applied brakes, shall be provided with a means to release the energy before removal or disassembly.
4.2 Starting/moving
4.2.1 Unauthorized starting
Trucks shall be provided with a device (e.g. key, code, magnetic card) which prevents starting without its use.
Such devices for pedestrian-controlled and rider-controlled trucks manufactured by the same manufacturer shall not be interchangeable between the two truck types. Where devices, e.g. magnetic cards, are destined for an individual operator, one device may be used on both truck types but shall not allow starting by unauthorized persons.
4.2.2 Unintended movement and inadvertent activation
Truck movement from the holding position, other than by actuation of the controls by the operator, due to drift or creep (e.g. by leakage), shall be avoided.
4.2.2.1 Parking brakes
A parking brake complying with 4.3.1 shall be provided.
For sit-on rider trucks, the parking brake system shall be manually operable by hand or foot from the normal operating position or automatically applied by leaving the normal operating position. Trucks with only non-automatically applied parking brake(s) shall have a warning to the operator to apply the brakes before leaving the truck.
Failure of the control system of an automatically applied parking brake shall be indicated to the operator.
4.2.2.2 Internal-combustion-engine powered trucks
Internal-combustion-engine powered trucks shall be fitted with a device which prevents the engine being started while the transmission is engaged.
4.2.2.3 Travel controls
Travel controls on internal-combustion-engine powered trucks shall be so arranged that on level ground the truck will not move from rest until the transmission has been engaged.
4.2.2.4 Powered travel movement
Powered travel movement of the truck with a ride-on operator shall be possible only if the operator is in the normal operating position.
Powered travel shall not occur automatically when the operator returns to the normal operating position without an additional operation, e.g. by requiring a resetting of the direction control or reactivation of the speed control.
4.2.2.5 Manual gearbox and manually operated clutch pedal
A truck with an automotive-type manual gearbox and manually operated clutch pedal satisfies the requirements of 4.2.2.2 and 4.2.2.4.
4.2.3 Travel speed
4.2.3.1 Pedestrian-controlled trucks
Single-speed pedestrian-controlled trucks operating on level ground shall not exceed a travel speed of 4 km/h and an acceleration of 0.5 m/s2 and shall be designed for low-lift only.
Variable-speed pedestrian-controlled trucks operating on level ground shall be controllable by the operator to be aligned with their walking speed not exceeding 6 km/h.
4.2.3.2 Stand-on trucks and pedestrian-controlled trucks with foldable platform
The maximum speed on level ground of stand-on trucks and pedestrian-controlled trucks fitted with a foldable platform when the operator is on the platform shall not exceed 16 km/h.
For trucks with a foldable operator platform, see 4.7.3.3.
For trucks with stand-on options, see 4.7.3.2 and 4.7.3.4.
Contents of GB/T 10827.1-2014/XG1-2021
Foreword I
Introduction III
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
5 Verification of Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
6 Information for Use
Annex A (Normative) Determination of Driving Direction and Rated Capacity
Annex B (Informative) List of Significant Hazards
References
