GB/T 12902-2026 Analytical methods for turpentine English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
This is a draft translation for reference among interesting stakeholders. The finalized translation (passing through draft translation, self-check, revision and verification) will be delivered upon being ordered.
ICS
CCS
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 12902-2026
Analytical methods for turpentine
松节油分析方法
Issue date: 2026-02-27 Implementation date: 2026-09-01
Issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Reagents and Materials
5 Apparatus
6 Sample
7 Test Procedure and Results
8 Test Report
Annex A (Informative) Gas chromatogram and data for masson pine turpentine
Annex B (Informative) Gas chromatogram and data for simao pine turpentine
Annex C (Informative) Gas chromatogram and data for slash pine turpentine
Annex D (Informative) Gas chromatogram and data for turpentine from other pine species
Annex E (Informative) Gas chromatogram and data for heavy turpentine
Analytical methods for turpentine
1 Scope
This document describes the test methods for the appearance, colour, relative density, refractive index, optical rotation, acid value, component content, initial boiling point and distilled volume percentage of turpentine.
This document applies to the inspection of turpentine products.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document through normative reference. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies.
GB/T 601 Chemical reagent — Preparations of standard volumetric solutions
GB/T 4472 Determination of density and relative density for chemical products
GB/T 6488 Liquid chemicals — Determination of refractive index
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
GB/T 9281.1-2008 Clear liquids — Estimation of colour by the Gardner colour scale — Part 1: Visual method
GB/T 9282.1-2008 Clear liquids — Estimation of colour by the platinum cobalt scale — Part 1: Visual method
GB/T 9761 Paints and varnishes — Visual comparison of colour of paints
GB/T 12901 Gum turpentine
GB/T 14454.5 Aromatic — Determination of optical rotation
SH/T 0121 Technical specifications for petroleum product distillation range determination apparatus
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 initial boiling point
Under standard atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa), the temperature at which the first drop of liquid falls from the lower end of the condenser during the distillation of turpentine.
3.2 distilled volume percentage
Under standard atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa), the percentage of the volume of turpentine distilled off when the temperature reaches 170 °C during the distillation of turpentine, relative to the volume of the test portion.
4 Reagents and materials
Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in this document shall be of analytical grade, and the water used shall comply with Grade 3 water requirements of GB/T 6682.
4.1 Platinum cobalt standard colour comparison solutions: Prepare in accordance with Clause 7 of GB/T 9282.1-2008.
4.2 Gardner colour standard solutions: Prepare in accordance with Annex B of GB/T 9281.1-2008.
4.3 Phenolphthalein indicator solution (10 g/L): Weigh 1 g of phenolphthalein, dissolve and dilute to 100 mL with 95% (volume fraction) ethanol.
4.4 Neutral ethanol: Add 2 to 3 drops of 10 g/L phenolphthalein indicator solution to 95% (volume fraction) ethanol, titrate with 0.02 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution until a faint pink colour appears and persists for 30 s without fading.
4.5 0.1 mol/L potassium hydroxide ethanol standard solution: Prepare and standardize in accordance with GB/T 601. The result shall be accurate to 0.001 mol/L.
4.6 0.02 mol/L potassium hydroxide ethanol standard solution: Dilute the 0.1 mol/L potassium hydroxide ethanol standard solution (4.5) five fold with neutral ethanol (4.4).
4.7 Carrier gas for gas chromatograph: Nitrogen or helium (purity ≥ 99.99%).
4.8 Auxiliary gases for gas chromatograph: Hydrogen (purity ≥ 99.99%), air (which shall be filtered, purified and dried).
4.9 5% tetramethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution: Dilute commercially available 25% tetramethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution five fold with methanol, or dilute other concentrations of tetramethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution proportionally with methanol.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Hydrometer and pycnometer: Complying with the requirements of GB/T 4472.
5.2 Refractometer: Complying with the requirements of GB/T 6488.
5.3 Polarimeter: Complying with the requirements of GB/T 14454.5.
5.4 Gas chromatograph: A gas chromatograph suitable for turpentine analysis shall meet the following conditions:
a)Equipped with a split function;
b) Equipped with a programme temperature raising function;
c) Equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID);
d) Equipped with a capillary chromatographic column;
e) Equipped with a data processing system capable of performing area normalization calculations.
5.5 Apparatus for the determination of initial boiling point and distilled volume percentage
5.5.1 Manual distillation range determination apparatus
Complying with the requirements of SH/T 0121. A schematic diagram of the apparatus is shown in Figure 1, and the reduced diameter measuring cylinder is shown in Figure 2. The main components shall meet the following requirements.
a)Engler distillation flask: Capacity 100 mL, overall height 215 mm, outer diameter of the flask body 70 mm, inner diameter of the flask neck 16 mm.
b)Thermometer: Mercury thermometer of rod type, partial immersion, with an expansion chamber. Immersion depth 100 mm. The distance from the bottom of the mercury bulb to the top of the expansion chamber shall be less than 30 mm. Graduation starts at 140 mm from the bottom of the mercury bulb. The scale range is 140 °C to 200 °C, with graduations of 0.5 °C and a maximum error of ±0.5 °C. The scale length is 140 mm ± 10 mm. The overall length of the thermometer is 300 mm ± 10 mm. The diameter of the mercury bulb is 4.5 mm to 6.0 mm, height 10 mm. The diameter of the rod is 6.5 mm (maximum not exceeding 7.5 mm).
c)Reduced diameter measuring cylinder: Capacity 100 mL. The scale division is 1 mL for the capacity range of 5 mL to 84 mL, and 0.2 mL for the capacity range of 84 mL to 100 mL. The distance from the 100 mL mark to the edge of the cylinder mouth is approximately 60 mm.
d) Heat source: The heating rate shall be adjustable.
5.5.2 Fully automatic distillation range determination instrument
Complying with the requirements of SH/T 0121.
GB/T 12902-2026 Analytical methods for turpentine English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
This is a draft translation for reference among interesting stakeholders. The finalized translation (passing through draft translation, self-check, revision and verification) will be delivered upon being ordered.
ICS
CCS
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 12902-2026
Analytical methods for turpentine
松节油分析方法
Issue date: 2026-02-27 Implementation date: 2026-09-01
Issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Reagents and Materials
5 Apparatus
6 Sample
7 Test Procedure and Results
8 Test Report
Annex A (Informative) Gas chromatogram and data for masson pine turpentine
Annex B (Informative) Gas chromatogram and data for simao pine turpentine
Annex C (Informative) Gas chromatogram and data for slash pine turpentine
Annex D (Informative) Gas chromatogram and data for turpentine from other pine species
Annex E (Informative) Gas chromatogram and data for heavy turpentine
Analytical methods for turpentine
1 Scope
This document describes the test methods for the appearance, colour, relative density, refractive index, optical rotation, acid value, component content, initial boiling point and distilled volume percentage of turpentine.
This document applies to the inspection of turpentine products.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document through normative reference. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies.
GB/T 601 Chemical reagent — Preparations of standard volumetric solutions
GB/T 4472 Determination of density and relative density for chemical products
GB/T 6488 Liquid chemicals — Determination of refractive index
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
GB/T 9281.1-2008 Clear liquids — Estimation of colour by the Gardner colour scale — Part 1: Visual method
GB/T 9282.1-2008 Clear liquids — Estimation of colour by the platinum cobalt scale — Part 1: Visual method
GB/T 9761 Paints and varnishes — Visual comparison of colour of paints
GB/T 12901 Gum turpentine
GB/T 14454.5 Aromatic — Determination of optical rotation
SH/T 0121 Technical specifications for petroleum product distillation range determination apparatus
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 initial boiling point
Under standard atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa), the temperature at which the first drop of liquid falls from the lower end of the condenser during the distillation of turpentine.
3.2 distilled volume percentage
Under standard atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa), the percentage of the volume of turpentine distilled off when the temperature reaches 170 °C during the distillation of turpentine, relative to the volume of the test portion.
4 Reagents and materials
Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in this document shall be of analytical grade, and the water used shall comply with Grade 3 water requirements of GB/T 6682.
4.1 Platinum cobalt standard colour comparison solutions: Prepare in accordance with Clause 7 of GB/T 9282.1-2008.
4.2 Gardner colour standard solutions: Prepare in accordance with Annex B of GB/T 9281.1-2008.
4.3 Phenolphthalein indicator solution (10 g/L): Weigh 1 g of phenolphthalein, dissolve and dilute to 100 mL with 95% (volume fraction) ethanol.
4.4 Neutral ethanol: Add 2 to 3 drops of 10 g/L phenolphthalein indicator solution to 95% (volume fraction) ethanol, titrate with 0.02 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution until a faint pink colour appears and persists for 30 s without fading.
4.5 0.1 mol/L potassium hydroxide ethanol standard solution: Prepare and standardize in accordance with GB/T 601. The result shall be accurate to 0.001 mol/L.
4.6 0.02 mol/L potassium hydroxide ethanol standard solution: Dilute the 0.1 mol/L potassium hydroxide ethanol standard solution (4.5) five fold with neutral ethanol (4.4).
4.7 Carrier gas for gas chromatograph: Nitrogen or helium (purity ≥ 99.99%).
4.8 Auxiliary gases for gas chromatograph: Hydrogen (purity ≥ 99.99%), air (which shall be filtered, purified and dried).
4.9 5% tetramethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution: Dilute commercially available 25% tetramethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution five fold with methanol, or dilute other concentrations of tetramethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution proportionally with methanol.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Hydrometer and pycnometer: Complying with the requirements of GB/T 4472.
5.2 Refractometer: Complying with the requirements of GB/T 6488.
5.3 Polarimeter: Complying with the requirements of GB/T 14454.5.
5.4 Gas chromatograph: A gas chromatograph suitable for turpentine analysis shall meet the following conditions:
a)Equipped with a split function;
b) Equipped with a programme temperature raising function;
c) Equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID);
d) Equipped with a capillary chromatographic column;
e) Equipped with a data processing system capable of performing area normalization calculations.
5.5 Apparatus for the determination of initial boiling point and distilled volume percentage
5.5.1 Manual distillation range determination apparatus
Complying with the requirements of SH/T 0121. A schematic diagram of the apparatus is shown in Figure 1, and the reduced diameter measuring cylinder is shown in Figure 2. The main components shall meet the following requirements.
a)Engler distillation flask: Capacity 100 mL, overall height 215 mm, outer diameter of the flask body 70 mm, inner diameter of the flask neck 16 mm.
b)Thermometer: Mercury thermometer of rod type, partial immersion, with an expansion chamber. Immersion depth 100 mm. The distance from the bottom of the mercury bulb to the top of the expansion chamber shall be less than 30 mm. Graduation starts at 140 mm from the bottom of the mercury bulb. The scale range is 140 °C to 200 °C, with graduations of 0.5 °C and a maximum error of ±0.5 °C. The scale length is 140 mm ± 10 mm. The overall length of the thermometer is 300 mm ± 10 mm. The diameter of the mercury bulb is 4.5 mm to 6.0 mm, height 10 mm. The diameter of the rod is 6.5 mm (maximum not exceeding 7.5 mm).
c)Reduced diameter measuring cylinder: Capacity 100 mL. The scale division is 1 mL for the capacity range of 5 mL to 84 mL, and 0.2 mL for the capacity range of 84 mL to 100 mL. The distance from the 100 mL mark to the edge of the cylinder mouth is approximately 60 mm.
d) Heat source: The heating rate shall be adjustable.
5.5.2 Fully automatic distillation range determination instrument
Complying with the requirements of SH/T 0121.
