Fundamental technical requirements for hydraulic turbines
1 Scope
This standard specifies the performance guarantee, technical requirements, scope of supply and inspection and test items for hydraulic turbine products in design and manufacture, and puts forward the regulations to be observed in packaging, transportation, storage, installation, operation and maintenance.
This standard is applicable to hydraulic turbine products that meet any of the following conditions:
a) Hydraulic turbines with rated power of 10 MW or above;
b) Francis and impulse turbines with runner nominal diameter of 1.0 m or above;
c) Kaplan, Deriaz and bulb turbines with runner nominal diameter of 3.0 m or above.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 191 Packaging - Pictorial marking for handling of goods (GB/T 191-2008, ISO 780:1997, MOD)
GB/T 2900.45 Electrotechnical terminology - Hydroelectric powerplant machinery (GB/T 2900.45-2006, IEC/T R61364:1999, MOD)
GB/T 3323.1 Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film
GB/T 8564 Specification installation of hydraulic turbine generator units
GB/T 9239.1 Mechanical vibration - Balance quality requirements for rotors in a constant (rigid) state - Part 1: Specification and verification of balance tolerances (GB/T 9239.1-2006, ISO 1940-1:2003, IDT)
GB/T 9797 Metallic coatings - Electroplated coatings of nickel plus chromium and of copper plus nickel plus chromium (GB/T 9797-2005, ISO 1456:2003, IDT)
GB/T 10969 Specification for water passage components of hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines
GB 11120 Lubricating oils for turbines
GB/T 11345 Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Techniques, testing levels, and assessment
GB/T 11805 General specifications of automatic control components (devices) and their related system for hydroturbine-generating sets
GB/T 15469.1 Hydraulic turbines storage pumps and pump-turbines cavitation pitting evaluation - Part 1: cavitation pitting evaluation in reaction turbines (GB/T 15469.1-2008, IEC 60609-1:2004, MOD)
GB/T 15613 (all parts) Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines model acceptance tests
GB/T 17189 Code for field measurement of vibrations and pulsations in hydraulic machines(turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines (GB/T 17189-2017, IEC 60994:1991, MOD)
GB/T 19184 Cavitation pitting evaluation in Pelton turbines (GB/T 19184-2003, IEC 60609-2:1997, MOD)
GB/T 20043 Field acceptance test to determine the hydraulic performance of hydraulic turbine, storage pumps and pump-turbines (GB/T 20043-2005, IEC 60041:1991, MOD)
GB/T 28546 Specification for package, transportation and storage of large and medium hydraulic units
GB/T 32584 Evaluation of mechanical vibration for machine sets in hydraulic power plants and pump-storage plants
DL/T 443 Factory acceptance test guide of hydraulic turbine-generator unit and auxiliaries
DL/T 507 Start-up test code for hydro-generating units
DL/T 710 Code of operation for hydraulic turbines
JB/T 1270 Shaft forgings for hydraulic turbines and hydraulic generators - Technical specification
NB/T 47013.2 Non-destructive Testing of Pressure Equipments - Part 2: Radiographic Testing
NB/T 47013.3 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipments - Part 3: Ultrasonic Testing
NB/T 47013.4 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipments - Part 4: Magnetic Particle Testing
NB/T 47013.5 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 5: Penetrant testing
NB/T 47013.10 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipments - Part 10: Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Ultrasonic Testing
IEC 60193 Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Model acceptance tests
CCH-70-4 Specification for inspection of steel castings for hydraulic machines
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.45 and the following apply.
3.1 Characteristic water level of hydropower station
3.1.1
check flood level of upper pool
ZFL max
maximum water level reached in front of the dam when the reservoir encounters the check standard flood of the dam, which means the maximum flood level allowed to be temporarily reached under the condition of extraordinary operation of the reservoir
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.2
design flood level of upper pool
ZFL.d
maximum water level reached in front of the dam when the reservoir encounters the design standard flood of the dam, which means the maximum water level allowed to reach under normal operation of the reservoir
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.3
normal pool level
ZPL.n
under normal operation of the reservoir, the maximum water level allowed to be reached before the start of the water supply period in order to meet the profit-making requirements such as power generation
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.4
minimum operation water level
ZPL.min
under the normal operation of the reservoir, the lowest water level allowed to fall in profit-making operation
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.5
check flood (maximum) tail water level
ZTL.max
corresponding water level at the tail water outlet section, when the tail water gauge section of hydropower station encounters check flood
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.6
design flood tail water level
ZTL.d
corresponding water level at the tail water outlet section, when the tail water gauge section of hydropower station encounters design flood
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.7
design tail water level
ZTL.n
water level at the tail water outlet section used for determining the setting elevation of hydraulic turbine
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.8
minimum tail water level
ZTL.min
water level at the turbine tail water outlet section under the minimum discharge of tail water gauge section of hydropower station
Note: The unit is m.
3.2 Gross head of hydropower station
3.2.1
maximum gross head
Hg max
difference between the normal pool level at the inlet section and the minimum tail water level during the normal operation of hydropower station
Note: The unit is m.
3.2.2
minimum gross head
Hg min
difference between the lowest water level at the inlet section and the highest water level at the corresponding tail water outlet section during normal operation of hydropower station, which means the minimum water level elevation difference between upstream and downstream water levels of hydropower station under a certain combination
Note: The unit is m.
3.3 Head
3.3.1
head
H
effective head of hydraulic turbine, which is the total unit energy of high- and low-pressure reference sections of hydraulic turbine
Note: The unit is m.
3.3.2
maximum head
Hmax
head after the maximum gross head of the hydropower station minus the total head loss of the water conveyance system with the smallest head loss when a machine is running at no load
Note: The unit is m.
3.3.3
minimum head
Hmin
head after the minimum gross head of the power station minus the total head loss of all units in the water conveyance system when generating the maximum power under the head
Note: The unit is m.
3.3.4
weighted average head
Hw
weighted average value of head in consideration of operating time under different powers within the specified operating range of the power station
Note: The unit is m.
3.3.5
design head
Hd
head corresponding to the optimum efficiency point of hydraulic turbine
Note: The unit is m.
3.3.6
rated head
Hr
minimum head required by a hydraulic turbine to output rated power at rated speed
Note: The unit is m.
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Technical requirements
5 Performance guarantee
6 Basic functions of hydraulic turbine control system
7 Supply scope and spare parts
8 Data and drawing
9 Factory inspection and test
10 Nameplate, packaging, transportation and storage
11 Installation, operation, maintenance, and acceptance test
Annex A (Normative) Efficiency correction equation of reaction turbine
Annex B (Normative) Efficiency correction equation of impulse turbine
Annex C (Normative) Recommended evaluation area of peak-to-peak value of relative vibration displacement of main shaft
Annex D (Informative) Instruments for basic configuration of hydraulic turbine equipment
Annex E (Informative) Spare parts list of hydraulic turbines
Fundamental technical requirements for hydraulic turbines
1 Scope
This standard specifies the performance guarantee, technical requirements, scope of supply and inspection and test items for hydraulic turbine products in design and manufacture, and puts forward the regulations to be observed in packaging, transportation, storage, installation, operation and maintenance.
This standard is applicable to hydraulic turbine products that meet any of the following conditions:
a) Hydraulic turbines with rated power of 10 MW or above;
b) Francis and impulse turbines with runner nominal diameter of 1.0 m or above;
c) Kaplan, Deriaz and bulb turbines with runner nominal diameter of 3.0 m or above.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 191 Packaging - Pictorial marking for handling of goods (GB/T 191-2008, ISO 780:1997, MOD)
GB/T 2900.45 Electrotechnical terminology - Hydroelectric powerplant machinery (GB/T 2900.45-2006, IEC/T R61364:1999, MOD)
GB/T 3323.1 Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film
GB/T 8564 Specification installation of hydraulic turbine generator units
GB/T 9239.1 Mechanical vibration - Balance quality requirements for rotors in a constant (rigid) state - Part 1: Specification and verification of balance tolerances (GB/T 9239.1-2006, ISO 1940-1:2003, IDT)
GB/T 9797 Metallic coatings - Electroplated coatings of nickel plus chromium and of copper plus nickel plus chromium (GB/T 9797-2005, ISO 1456:2003, IDT)
GB/T 10969 Specification for water passage components of hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines
GB 11120 Lubricating oils for turbines
GB/T 11345 Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Techniques, testing levels, and assessment
GB/T 11805 General specifications of automatic control components (devices) and their related system for hydroturbine-generating sets
GB/T 15469.1 Hydraulic turbines storage pumps and pump-turbines cavitation pitting evaluation - Part 1: cavitation pitting evaluation in reaction turbines (GB/T 15469.1-2008, IEC 60609-1:2004, MOD)
GB/T 15613 (all parts) Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines model acceptance tests
GB/T 17189 Code for field measurement of vibrations and pulsations in hydraulic machines(turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines (GB/T 17189-2017, IEC 60994:1991, MOD)
GB/T 19184 Cavitation pitting evaluation in Pelton turbines (GB/T 19184-2003, IEC 60609-2:1997, MOD)
GB/T 20043 Field acceptance test to determine the hydraulic performance of hydraulic turbine, storage pumps and pump-turbines (GB/T 20043-2005, IEC 60041:1991, MOD)
GB/T 28546 Specification for package, transportation and storage of large and medium hydraulic units
GB/T 32584 Evaluation of mechanical vibration for machine sets in hydraulic power plants and pump-storage plants
DL/T 443 Factory acceptance test guide of hydraulic turbine-generator unit and auxiliaries
DL/T 507 Start-up test code for hydro-generating units
DL/T 710 Code of operation for hydraulic turbines
JB/T 1270 Shaft forgings for hydraulic turbines and hydraulic generators - Technical specification
NB/T 47013.2 Non-destructive Testing of Pressure Equipments - Part 2: Radiographic Testing
NB/T 47013.3 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipments - Part 3: Ultrasonic Testing
NB/T 47013.4 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipments - Part 4: Magnetic Particle Testing
NB/T 47013.5 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 5: Penetrant testing
NB/T 47013.10 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipments - Part 10: Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Ultrasonic Testing
IEC 60193 Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Model acceptance tests
CCH-70-4 Specification for inspection of steel castings for hydraulic machines
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.45 and the following apply.
3.1 Characteristic water level of hydropower station
3.1.1
check flood level of upper pool
ZFL max
maximum water level reached in front of the dam when the reservoir encounters the check standard flood of the dam, which means the maximum flood level allowed to be temporarily reached under the condition of extraordinary operation of the reservoir
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.2
design flood level of upper pool
ZFL.d
maximum water level reached in front of the dam when the reservoir encounters the design standard flood of the dam, which means the maximum water level allowed to reach under normal operation of the reservoir
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.3
normal pool level
ZPL.n
under normal operation of the reservoir, the maximum water level allowed to be reached before the start of the water supply period in order to meet the profit-making requirements such as power generation
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.4
minimum operation water level
ZPL.min
under the normal operation of the reservoir, the lowest water level allowed to fall in profit-making operation
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.5
check flood (maximum) tail water level
ZTL.max
corresponding water level at the tail water outlet section, when the tail water gauge section of hydropower station encounters check flood
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.6
design flood tail water level
ZTL.d
corresponding water level at the tail water outlet section, when the tail water gauge section of hydropower station encounters design flood
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.7
design tail water level
ZTL.n
water level at the tail water outlet section used for determining the setting elevation of hydraulic turbine
Note: The unit is m.
3.1.8
minimum tail water level
ZTL.min
water level at the turbine tail water outlet section under the minimum discharge of tail water gauge section of hydropower station
Note: The unit is m.
3.2 Gross head of hydropower station
3.2.1
maximum gross head
Hg max
difference between the normal pool level at the inlet section and the minimum tail water level during the normal operation of hydropower station
Note: The unit is m.
3.2.2
minimum gross head
Hg min
difference between the lowest water level at the inlet section and the highest water level at the corresponding tail water outlet section during normal operation of hydropower station, which means the minimum water level elevation difference between upstream and downstream water levels of hydropower station under a certain combination
Note: The unit is m.
3.3 Head
3.3.1
head
H
effective head of hydraulic turbine, which is the total unit energy of high- and low-pressure reference sections of hydraulic turbine
Note: The unit is m.
3.3.2
maximum head
Hmax
head after the maximum gross head of the hydropower station minus the total head loss of the water conveyance system with the smallest head loss when a machine is running at no load
Note: The unit is m.
3.3.3
minimum head
Hmin
head after the minimum gross head of the power station minus the total head loss of all units in the water conveyance system when generating the maximum power under the head
Note: The unit is m.
3.3.4
weighted average head
Hw
weighted average value of head in consideration of operating time under different powers within the specified operating range of the power station
Note: The unit is m.
3.3.5
design head
Hd
head corresponding to the optimum efficiency point of hydraulic turbine
Note: The unit is m.
3.3.6
rated head
Hr
minimum head required by a hydraulic turbine to output rated power at rated speed
Note: The unit is m.
Contents of GB/T 15468-2020
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Technical requirements
5 Performance guarantee
6 Basic functions of hydraulic turbine control system
7 Supply scope and spare parts
8 Data and drawing
9 Factory inspection and test
10 Nameplate, packaging, transportation and storage
11 Installation, operation, maintenance, and acceptance test
Annex A (Normative) Efficiency correction equation of reaction turbine
Annex B (Normative) Efficiency correction equation of impulse turbine
Annex C (Normative) Recommended evaluation area of peak-to-peak value of relative vibration displacement of main shaft
Annex D (Informative) Instruments for basic configuration of hydraulic turbine equipment
Annex E (Informative) Spare parts list of hydraulic turbines
