Issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation of the People's Republic of China and the Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China
This document specifies the general principles, general process, hazard identification, risk estimation, risk evaluation, risk control, risk communication, and monitoring and improvement involved in consumer product safety risk management.
This document is applicable to consumer product safety risk management activities carried out by relevant parties.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 39011-2020 Consumer product safety - General principles for hazard identification
GB/T 40981-2021 Consumer product safety - General requirements on physical hazard assessment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
consumer product
product primarily, but not exclusively, designed and manufactured for personal use
Note: This includes the components, parts, accessories, instructions for use, and packaging of the product. See GB/T 36431 for the classification of consumer products.
[Source: GB/T 35248-2017, 2.2, modified]
3.2
hazard
potential source that may cause injury
[Source: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.2, modified]
3.3
injury
damage to human health or property
[Source: GB/T 22760-2020, 2.2]
3.4
consumer product safety
state of consumer product free from unacceptable risk
3.5
consumer product lifecycle
entire process of a consumer product from design, manufacturing, packaging, storage and transportation, use (including maintenance), to recycling
3.6
intended use
use in accordance with the information provided with the product and/or system; in the absence of such information, use as generally understood
[Source: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.6, modified]
3.7
reasonably foreseeable misuse
use of product and/or system in a manner not intended by the supplier, but resulting from easily predictable human behavior
[Source: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.7]
3.8
hazard identification
process of discovering, listing, and describing elements of risk
Note 1: Elements include sources or hazards, events, consequences, and likelihood.
Note 2: Hazard identification reflects concerns of relevant parties.
3.9
risk reduction
actions taken to reduce the adverse consequences of risk, the likelihood of occurrence, or both
[Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 3.4.4]
3.10
risk control
actions taken to implement risk management decisions
Note: Risk control may include monitoring, re-evaluation, and execution of decisions.
3.11
risk management
coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk
Note: Risk management typically includes risk assessment, risk control, and risk communication.
[Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 3.1, modified]
3.12
risk communication
exchange or sharing of information about risk between decision-makers and other relevant parties
Note: This information may concern the presence, nature, form, likelihood, severity, acceptability, treatment, and other aspects of the risk.
3.13
risk estimation
process of assigning values to the likelihood of injury occurring and the severity of its consequences
3.14
risk evaluation
process of determining whether tolerable risk has been achieved based on the result of the risk analysis
[Source: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.12]
3.15
tolerable risk
risk that is acceptable within a defined range based on prevailing societal value orientations
[Source: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.15]
3.16
physical hazard
factor that causes physical injury or damage to human health or property
[Source: GB/T 40981-2021, 3.6]
3.17
chemical hazard
inherent property of a chemical substance that may cause adverse effects upon exposure to the human body
[Source: GB/T 41007-2021, 3.2]
3.18
biohazard
biological factor, in whole or in part, that poses direct or potential harm, which may affect the normal development of consumers through direct infection or by damaging the surrounding environment indirectly
3.19
information hazard
factor that results in the unauthorized, accidental, or intentional access, disclosure, transmission, modification, or destruction of information
[Source: GB/T 45097.1-2024, 3.5]
3.20
ethical hazard
factor that causes violations of specific codes of conduct to be followed in handling the relationships between individuals, between individuals and society, and between humans and nature
[Source: GB/T 45097.1-2024, 3.6]
3.21
hazard situation
circumstance in which people and property are exposed to one or more hazards
Note: Equivalent to “injury scenario”.
[Source: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.4, modified]
Contents Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 General principles 5 General process 6 Information preparation 7 Hazard identification 8 Risk estimation 9 Risk evaluation 10 Risk control 11 Risk communication 12 Monitoring and improvement Bibliography
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
GB/T 28803.1-2025, replaces GB/T 28803-2012
Consumer product safety risk management - Part 1: Directives
消费品安全风险管理 第1部分：导则
(English Translation)
Issue date: 2025-05-30 Implementation date: 2025-12-01
Issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation of the People's Republic of China and the Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China
GB/T 28803.1-2025 Consumer product safety risk management - Part 1: Directives
1 Scope
This document specifies the general principles, general process, hazard identification, risk estimation, risk evaluation, risk control, risk communication, and monitoring and improvement involved in consumer product safety risk management.
This document is applicable to consumer product safety risk management activities carried out by relevant parties.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 39011-2020 Consumer product safety - General principles for hazard identification
GB/T 40981-2021 Consumer product safety - General requirements on physical hazard assessment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
consumer product
product primarily, but not exclusively, designed and manufactured for personal use
Note: This includes the components, parts, accessories, instructions for use, and packaging of the product. See GB/T 36431 for the classification of consumer products.
[Source: GB/T 35248-2017, 2.2, modified]
3.2
hazard
potential source that may cause injury
[Source: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.2, modified]
3.3
injury
damage to human health or property
[Source: GB/T 22760-2020, 2.2]
3.4
consumer product safety
state of consumer product free from unacceptable risk
3.5
consumer product lifecycle
entire process of a consumer product from design, manufacturing, packaging, storage and transportation, use (including maintenance), to recycling
3.6
intended use
use in accordance with the information provided with the product and/or system; in the absence of such information, use as generally understood
[Source: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.6, modified]
3.7
reasonably foreseeable misuse
use of product and/or system in a manner not intended by the supplier, but resulting from easily predictable human behavior
[Source: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.7]
3.8
hazard identification
process of discovering, listing, and describing elements of risk
Note 1: Elements include sources or hazards, events, consequences, and likelihood.
Note 2: Hazard identification reflects concerns of relevant parties.
3.9
risk reduction
actions taken to reduce the adverse consequences of risk, the likelihood of occurrence, or both
[Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 3.4.4]
3.10
risk control
actions taken to implement risk management decisions
Note: Risk control may include monitoring, re-evaluation, and execution of decisions.
3.11
risk management
coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk
Note: Risk management typically includes risk assessment, risk control, and risk communication.
[Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 3.1, modified]
3.12
risk communication
exchange or sharing of information about risk between decision-makers and other relevant parties
Note: This information may concern the presence, nature, form, likelihood, severity, acceptability, treatment, and other aspects of the risk.
3.13
risk estimation
process of assigning values to the likelihood of injury occurring and the severity of its consequences
3.14
risk evaluation
process of determining whether tolerable risk has been achieved based on the result of the risk analysis
[Source: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.12]
3.15
tolerable risk
risk that is acceptable within a defined range based on prevailing societal value orientations
[Source: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.15]
3.16
physical hazard
factor that causes physical injury or damage to human health or property
[Source: GB/T 40981-2021, 3.6]
3.17
chemical hazard
inherent property of a chemical substance that may cause adverse effects upon exposure to the human body
[Source: GB/T 41007-2021, 3.2]
3.18
biohazard
biological factor, in whole or in part, that poses direct or potential harm, which may affect the normal development of consumers through direct infection or by damaging the surrounding environment indirectly
3.19
information hazard
factor that results in the unauthorized, accidental, or intentional access, disclosure, transmission, modification, or destruction of information
[Source: GB/T 45097.1-2024, 3.5]
3.20
ethical hazard
factor that causes violations of specific codes of conduct to be followed in handling the relationships between individuals, between individuals and society, and between humans and nature
[Source: GB/T 45097.1-2024, 3.6]
3.21
hazard situation
circumstance in which people and property are exposed to one or more hazards
Note: Equivalent to “injury scenario”.
[Source: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.4, modified]
Contents of GB/T 28803.1-2025
Contents
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General principles
5 General process
6 Information preparation
7 Hazard identification
8 Risk estimation
9 Risk evaluation
10 Risk control
11 Risk communication
12 Monitoring and improvement
Bibliography
