GB/T 46509-2025 Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds in toys
WARNING——Persons using this standard shall be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health measures and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
1 Scope
This document describes the determination of emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in toys, toy parts and components and toy materials, by the bag method and the climate chamber method.
This document is applicable to the determination of emission of volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, as well as total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in toys, toy parts and components and toy materials.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 31107 Environmental chamber for the determination of volatile organic compounds of furniture - General technical requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
total volatile organic compounds; TVOC
sum of organic compounds separated by a non-polar chromatography column (polarity index less than 10) and detected by gas chromatography, with a retention time between n-hexane to n-hexadecane (including n-hexane and n-hexadecane)
[Source: GB/T 31106-2014, 3.2, modified]
3.2
volatile organic compounds; VOC
organic compounds emitted from samples that can be detected in the outlet gas of the test equipment
Note: The outlet of the test equipment refers to the gas outlet of the equipment used to test the emission of volatile organic compounds, including the sampling port designed for collecting gas samples. For example, when testing the emission of volatile organic compounds by the climate chamber method, the outlet of the test equipment refers to the exhaust port or sampling port of the climate chamber.
[Source: GB/T 31106-2014, 3.1, modified]
3.3
area carrying capacity/volume bearing capacity
ratio of the total surface area of the sample to the volume of the air bag/climate chamber, or ratio of the total volume of the sample to the volume of the air bag/climate chamber
3.4
flat toys
side area of the sample being less than 5% of the total area, with the main feature of visually appearing as a plane
Note: It usually includes various puzzles, graphic cards, stickers, drawing boards, etc.
4 Principle
Place the samples with the specified carrying capacity into air bags or climate chambers to simulate the environmental conditions for sample usage and conduct tests. When the specified time is reached, the gas in the bag or the chamber is collected respectively by the capture tube. Formaldehyde is determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) are determined by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS).
5 Apparatus
5.1 Thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS).
5.2 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
5.3 Air bag: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PVF) film (thickness over 0.05mm), with three-switch valve, and with specification of 10L to 2000L. Or other equivalent air bags.
5.4 Air sampler: 200 mL/min to 1000 mL/min.
5.5 Constant temperature chamber: Air circulation type, with temperature controlled within ±2 ℃.
Contents
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Apparatus
6 Sampling procedure
7 Determination of formaldehyde emission
8 Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), etc.
9 Expression of results
10 Lower detection limit
11 Precision
12 Test report
Annex A (Normative) Air bag requirements
Annex B (Normative) Determination method of formaldehyde adsorbed in DNPH capture tube
Annex C (Informative) Typical thermal desorption parameters
Annex D (Informative) Typical gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis parameters
Annex E (Informative) Characteristic ions of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene
Bibliography
GB/T 46509-2025 Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds in toys
WARNING——Persons using this standard shall be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health measures and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
1 Scope
This document describes the determination of emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in toys, toy parts and components and toy materials, by the bag method and the climate chamber method.
This document is applicable to the determination of emission of volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, as well as total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in toys, toy parts and components and toy materials.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 31107 Environmental chamber for the determination of volatile organic compounds of furniture - General technical requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
total volatile organic compounds; TVOC
sum of organic compounds separated by a non-polar chromatography column (polarity index less than 10) and detected by gas chromatography, with a retention time between n-hexane to n-hexadecane (including n-hexane and n-hexadecane)
[Source: GB/T 31106-2014, 3.2, modified]
3.2
volatile organic compounds; VOC
organic compounds emitted from samples that can be detected in the outlet gas of the test equipment
Note: The outlet of the test equipment refers to the gas outlet of the equipment used to test the emission of volatile organic compounds, including the sampling port designed for collecting gas samples. For example, when testing the emission of volatile organic compounds by the climate chamber method, the outlet of the test equipment refers to the exhaust port or sampling port of the climate chamber.
[Source: GB/T 31106-2014, 3.1, modified]
3.3
area carrying capacity/volume bearing capacity
ratio of the total surface area of the sample to the volume of the air bag/climate chamber, or ratio of the total volume of the sample to the volume of the air bag/climate chamber
3.4
flat toys
side area of the sample being less than 5% of the total area, with the main feature of visually appearing as a plane
Note: It usually includes various puzzles, graphic cards, stickers, drawing boards, etc.
4 Principle
Place the samples with the specified carrying capacity into air bags or climate chambers to simulate the environmental conditions for sample usage and conduct tests. When the specified time is reached, the gas in the bag or the chamber is collected respectively by the capture tube. Formaldehyde is determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) are determined by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS).
5 Apparatus
5.1 Thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS).
5.2 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
5.3 Air bag: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PVF) film (thickness over 0.05mm), with three-switch valve, and with specification of 10L to 2000L. Or other equivalent air bags.
5.4 Air sampler: 200 mL/min to 1000 mL/min.
5.5 Constant temperature chamber: Air circulation type, with temperature controlled within ±2 ℃.
Contents of GB/T 46509-2025
Contents
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Apparatus
6 Sampling procedure
7 Determination of formaldehyde emission
8 Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), etc.
9 Expression of results
10 Lower detection limit
11 Precision
12 Test report
Annex A (Normative) Air bag requirements
Annex B (Normative) Determination method of formaldehyde adsorbed in DNPH capture tube
Annex C (Informative) Typical thermal desorption parameters
Annex D (Informative) Typical gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis parameters
Annex E (Informative) Characteristic ions of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene
Bibliography
