Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 13061-1991 Air Spring for Automotive Suspension - Rubber Bellows
The following main changes have been made with respect to GB/T 13061-1991 (the previous edition):
——The standard name is modified from the original Air Spring for Automotive Suspension - Rubber Bellows to Technical Specification of Air Spring Used for Air Suspension of Commercial Vehicle;
——The scope is modified from the original "automotive suspension" to “air suspension of commercial vehicle";
——The terms and definitions are modified (see Chapter 3 of Edition 1991);
——The technical requirements are modified regarding the physical and mechanical properties of air spring bellows sizing materials, the appearance quality of air spring, destroying pressure, fatigue life of air spring rack (see 5.1, 5.2, 5.5 and 5.7 of Edition 1991);
——The test items, test conditions and test methods are modified (see 6.1, 6.3 and 6.5 of Edition 1991);
——The air-tight test is modified (see 6.5.3 of Edition 1991);
——The pressure drop of the air spring within 24h is modified (see 5.4 of Edition 1991);
——The definitions of air spring height, design height, maximum pressure, effective diameter and air spring volume are added (see 3.1, 3.3, 3.5, 3.8 and 3.12);
——The compression set test, low temperature resistance test, hot air aging test and ozone aging resistance test are added in the physical and mechanical property tests of the bellow sizing materials (see A.3.3.2, A.3.3.5, A.3.3.6, and A.3.3.7);
——Air spring service environment temperature is added (see 4.1.1);
——Dynamic elastic characteristic test and volumetric test are added (see 5.5.3.1 and 5.5.4);
——Product classification is deleted (see Chapter 4 of Edition 1991);
——The adhesion strength between the bellow cord plies is deleted (see 5.6 of Edition 1991);
——Elasticity test and peeling test are deleted (see 6.5.2 and 6.5.6 of Edition 1991);
——Inspection rules are deleted (see Chapter 7 of Edition 1991);
——Marking, packaging, transport and storage are deleted (see Chapter 8 of Edition 1991).
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 114 National Technical Committee on Automobiles of Standardization Administration of China.
The previous edition of the standard replaced by this standard is as follows:
——GB/T 13061-1991.
Technical Specification of Air Spring Used for Air Suspension of Commercial Vehicle
1 Scope
This standard specifies technical requirements, test methods, etc. for air spring products for air suspension of commercial vehicle.
This standard is applicable to air spring for air suspension of commercial vehicle. Other non-air suspension, non-commercial vehicle or non-vehicle air spring may also refer to the provisions of this standard.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 528 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Tensile Stress-Strain Properties
GB/T 531.1 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Indentation Hardness - Part 1: Durometer Method (Shore hardness)
GB/T 1682 Rubber, Vulcanized - Determination of Low-temperature Brittleness (Single Test Piece Method)
GB/T 2941 Rubber - General Procedures for Preparing and Conditioning Test Pieces for Physical Test Methods
GB/T 3512 Rubber Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Accelerated Ageing and Heat Resistance Tests
GB/T 7759 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Compression Set at Ambient Elevated or Low Temperatures
GB/T 7762 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Resistance to Ozone Cracking - Static Strain Test
GB/T 13934 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Flex Cracking and Crack Growth (De Mattia)
GB/T 34591 Terms of air suspension for commercial vehicle
QC/T 484-1999 Paint Coating for Automobile
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 34591 and the following apply.
3.1
air spring height
the distance between upper and lower installation supporting planes for the air spring
3.2
standard height
a reference height of the air spring, which is the starting point for calculating the amount of deformation
3.3
design height
the installation height of air spring at the design position on the vehicle is referred to as design height, Hd
3.4
standard pressure
the static pressure of rated load borne by the air spring at standard height
3.5
maximum pressure pmax
the static pressure of maximum permissible load borne by the air spring at standard height
3.6
standard status
the working status of air spring under standard pressure at standard height
3.7
effective area
the load bearing capacity per unit pressure of air spring under standard status is calculated with Formula (1)
（1）
Where,
——the effective area of air spring, mm2;
——the load of air spring, kN;
——the pressure (relative air pressure) of air spring, MPa.
Unless otherwise specified, Ae is the value for air spring under standard status.
3.8
effective diameter
the equivalent diameter corresponding to the effective area and it is calculated with Formula (2):
（2）
3.9
maximum stroke
the sum of absolute values of the maximum elongation deformation and maximum compression deformation of the air spring permissible structurally
3.10
working stroke
the sum of absolute values of the maximum elongation deformation and maximum compression deformation of the air spring permissible in working
3.11
maximum outer diameter
the maximum outer diameter of air spring under certain inflation pressure, including maximum inflation pressure, within the maximum stroke in its service life cycle, including the process of fatigue life test
3.12
air spring volume
the volume of gas the air spring can hold
4 Technical Requirements
4.1 Technical requirements for the air spring assembly
4.1.1 General service environment temperature of air spring is -30℃~57℃. For those with special service requirements (such as a temperature beyond this range, oil resistance, etc.), which shall be determined by the supplier and the user through negotiation and shall be marked on the air spring permanently.
4.1.2 In the process of expansion at standard height, the airtightness requirements for air spring shall be in accordance with the provisions of 5.5.2. The maximum stroke and maximum outer diameter shall meet the design requirements.
4.1.3 The pressure drop of air spring within 24h shall not exceed 0.05MPa.
4.1.4 The breaking pressure of air spring shall be no less than 2.5 times of the maximum pressure.
4.1.5 Under the conditions specified in 5.5.6, the fatigue life of air spring rack shall not be less than three million times.
4.2 Technical requirements for the parts of air spring
4.2.1 Refer to those specified in Annex A for the physical and mechanical properties of sizing materials for air spring bellows.
4.2.2 Appearance quality of the air spring part shall meet the requirements below:
a) The bellow cord thread shall not be exposed.
b) Both internal and external surfaces of the bellow shall be free from any crack, damage or interfusion of foreign matters in the glue film; starved joints or bubbles shall not appear in the rolling area and sealing surface of bellow, while bubble appearing in other areas shall be in a diameter not more than 5mm; starved joints shall not exceed three points with a length no greater than 50mm, of which the total length shall not be greater than 100mm, and threads shall not be exposed; the length of the part with starved joint at girdle ring nest shall not exceed 1/10 of outer perimeter of the nest.
c) The inner liner wire shall be free from fracture or drawing and the inner liner shall be capable of ensuring sound assembly fitting.
d) The metal surface shall be subjected to anti-rust treatment to meet the requirement of TQ5 in QC/T 484-1999.
e) The product marking shall be legible.
5 Test Methods
5.1 Test items
Sizing materials for the bellow shall be subjected to physical and mechanical properties test; air spring shall be subjected to air-tight test, elastic characteristic test, volumetric test, breaking test and rack fatigue test.
5.2 Test samples
5.2.1 Air-tight test, elastic characteristic test, volumetric test, breaking test and rack fatigue test for the air spring shall be carried out with the same sample successively and rack fatigue test with another sample.
5.2.2 The bellow shall be fitted with qualified parts into the air spring assembly before air spring tests.
5.3 Test conditions
Environment temperature for air spring assembly product test shall be controlled at (23±5)℃.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Technical Requirements
5 Test Methods
Annex A (Informative) Requirements and Test Methods for Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Bellow Sizing Materials
Annex B (Normative) Examples for Typical Elastic Characteristics Curves of Air Spring
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 13061-1991 Air Spring for Automotive Suspension - Rubber Bellows
The following main changes have been made with respect to GB/T 13061-1991 (the previous edition):
——The standard name is modified from the original Air Spring for Automotive Suspension - Rubber Bellows to Technical Specification of Air Spring Used for Air Suspension of Commercial Vehicle;
——The scope is modified from the original "automotive suspension" to “air suspension of commercial vehicle";
——The terms and definitions are modified (see Chapter 3 of Edition 1991);
——The technical requirements are modified regarding the physical and mechanical properties of air spring bellows sizing materials, the appearance quality of air spring, destroying pressure, fatigue life of air spring rack (see 5.1, 5.2, 5.5 and 5.7 of Edition 1991);
——The test items, test conditions and test methods are modified (see 6.1, 6.3 and 6.5 of Edition 1991);
——The air-tight test is modified (see 6.5.3 of Edition 1991);
——The pressure drop of the air spring within 24h is modified (see 5.4 of Edition 1991);
——The definitions of air spring height, design height, maximum pressure, effective diameter and air spring volume are added (see 3.1, 3.3, 3.5, 3.8 and 3.12);
——The compression set test, low temperature resistance test, hot air aging test and ozone aging resistance test are added in the physical and mechanical property tests of the bellow sizing materials (see A.3.3.2, A.3.3.5, A.3.3.6, and A.3.3.7);
——Air spring service environment temperature is added (see 4.1.1);
——Dynamic elastic characteristic test and volumetric test are added (see 5.5.3.1 and 5.5.4);
——Product classification is deleted (see Chapter 4 of Edition 1991);
——The adhesion strength between the bellow cord plies is deleted (see 5.6 of Edition 1991);
——Elasticity test and peeling test are deleted (see 6.5.2 and 6.5.6 of Edition 1991);
——Inspection rules are deleted (see Chapter 7 of Edition 1991);
——Marking, packaging, transport and storage are deleted (see Chapter 8 of Edition 1991).
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 114 National Technical Committee on Automobiles of Standardization Administration of China.
The previous edition of the standard replaced by this standard is as follows:
——GB/T 13061-1991.
Technical Specification of Air Spring Used for Air Suspension of Commercial Vehicle
1 Scope
This standard specifies technical requirements, test methods, etc. for air spring products for air suspension of commercial vehicle.
This standard is applicable to air spring for air suspension of commercial vehicle. Other non-air suspension, non-commercial vehicle or non-vehicle air spring may also refer to the provisions of this standard.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 528 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Tensile Stress-Strain Properties
GB/T 531.1 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Indentation Hardness - Part 1: Durometer Method (Shore hardness)
GB/T 1682 Rubber, Vulcanized - Determination of Low-temperature Brittleness (Single Test Piece Method)
GB/T 2941 Rubber - General Procedures for Preparing and Conditioning Test Pieces for Physical Test Methods
GB/T 3512 Rubber Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Accelerated Ageing and Heat Resistance Tests
GB/T 7759 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Compression Set at Ambient Elevated or Low Temperatures
GB/T 7762 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Resistance to Ozone Cracking - Static Strain Test
GB/T 13934 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Flex Cracking and Crack Growth (De Mattia)
GB/T 34591 Terms of air suspension for commercial vehicle
QC/T 484-1999 Paint Coating for Automobile
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 34591 and the following apply.
3.1
air spring height
the distance between upper and lower installation supporting planes for the air spring
3.2
standard height
a reference height of the air spring, which is the starting point for calculating the amount of deformation
3.3
design height
the installation height of air spring at the design position on the vehicle is referred to as design height, Hd
3.4
standard pressure
the static pressure of rated load borne by the air spring at standard height
3.5
maximum pressure pmax
the static pressure of maximum permissible load borne by the air spring at standard height
3.6
standard status
the working status of air spring under standard pressure at standard height
3.7
effective area
the load bearing capacity per unit pressure of air spring under standard status is calculated with Formula (1)
（1）
Where,
——the effective area of air spring, mm2;
——the load of air spring, kN;
——the pressure (relative air pressure) of air spring, MPa.
Unless otherwise specified, Ae is the value for air spring under standard status.
3.8
effective diameter
the equivalent diameter corresponding to the effective area and it is calculated with Formula (2):
（2）
3.9
maximum stroke
the sum of absolute values of the maximum elongation deformation and maximum compression deformation of the air spring permissible structurally
3.10
working stroke
the sum of absolute values of the maximum elongation deformation and maximum compression deformation of the air spring permissible in working
3.11
maximum outer diameter
the maximum outer diameter of air spring under certain inflation pressure, including maximum inflation pressure, within the maximum stroke in its service life cycle, including the process of fatigue life test
3.12
air spring volume
the volume of gas the air spring can hold
4 Technical Requirements
4.1 Technical requirements for the air spring assembly
4.1.1 General service environment temperature of air spring is -30℃~57℃. For those with special service requirements (such as a temperature beyond this range, oil resistance, etc.), which shall be determined by the supplier and the user through negotiation and shall be marked on the air spring permanently.
4.1.2 In the process of expansion at standard height, the airtightness requirements for air spring shall be in accordance with the provisions of 5.5.2. The maximum stroke and maximum outer diameter shall meet the design requirements.
4.1.3 The pressure drop of air spring within 24h shall not exceed 0.05MPa.
4.1.4 The breaking pressure of air spring shall be no less than 2.5 times of the maximum pressure.
4.1.5 Under the conditions specified in 5.5.6, the fatigue life of air spring rack shall not be less than three million times.
4.2 Technical requirements for the parts of air spring
4.2.1 Refer to those specified in Annex A for the physical and mechanical properties of sizing materials for air spring bellows.
4.2.2 Appearance quality of the air spring part shall meet the requirements below:
a) The bellow cord thread shall not be exposed.
b) Both internal and external surfaces of the bellow shall be free from any crack, damage or interfusion of foreign matters in the glue film; starved joints or bubbles shall not appear in the rolling area and sealing surface of bellow, while bubble appearing in other areas shall be in a diameter not more than 5mm; starved joints shall not exceed three points with a length no greater than 50mm, of which the total length shall not be greater than 100mm, and threads shall not be exposed; the length of the part with starved joint at girdle ring nest shall not exceed 1/10 of outer perimeter of the nest.
c) The inner liner wire shall be free from fracture or drawing and the inner liner shall be capable of ensuring sound assembly fitting.
d) The metal surface shall be subjected to anti-rust treatment to meet the requirement of TQ5 in QC/T 484-1999.
e) The product marking shall be legible.
5 Test Methods
5.1 Test items
Sizing materials for the bellow shall be subjected to physical and mechanical properties test; air spring shall be subjected to air-tight test, elastic characteristic test, volumetric test, breaking test and rack fatigue test.
5.2 Test samples
5.2.1 Air-tight test, elastic characteristic test, volumetric test, breaking test and rack fatigue test for the air spring shall be carried out with the same sample successively and rack fatigue test with another sample.
5.2.2 The bellow shall be fitted with qualified parts into the air spring assembly before air spring tests.
5.3 Test conditions
Environment temperature for air spring assembly product test shall be controlled at (23±5)℃.
Contents of GB/T 13061-2017
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Technical Requirements
5 Test Methods
Annex A (Informative) Requirements and Test Methods for Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Bellow Sizing Materials
Annex B (Normative) Examples for Typical Elastic Characteristics Curves of Air Spring
