Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization — Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
This standard replaces GB/T 31498-2015 The safety requirement of electric vehicle post crash. In addition to structural adjustment and editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made compared with GB/T 31498-2015:
——The application scope of this standard is modified (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2015);
——The definitions of Class B voltage, high voltage system, rechargeable energy storage system, conductive part and high-voltage bus are deleted (see 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.8 and 3.12 of Edition 2015);
——The requirements for insulation resistance are modified (see 4.2.5; 4.2.5 of Edition 2015);
——Special safety requirements and test methods for electric vehicle post crash.
——The calculation formula of low electric energy is revised [see Formula (A.2), Formula (A.3) and Formula (A.4), and Formula (A.2), Formula (A.3) and Formula (A.4) in Edition 2015].
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization (SAC/TC 114).
The previous edition of this standard is as follows:
——It was first released in 2015 as GB/T 31498-2015;
——This edition is the first revision.
Post crash safety requirement for electric vehicle
1 Scope
This standard specifies the special safety requirements and test methods for pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles with Class B voltage circuit after frontal, lateral and rear crashes.
This standard is applicable to the frontal crash of pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles with Class B voltage circuit in M1 vehicles and N1 vehicles with the maximum designed total mass not more than 2500 kg as well as multipurpose goods vehicles.
This standard is applicable to the lateral crash and rear crash of pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles with Class B voltage circuits in M1 and N1 vehicles.
This standard is not applicable to fuel cell electric vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this standard and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB 11551 The protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal collision for motor vehicle
GB 18384-2020 Electric vehicles safety requirements
GB/T18385—2005 Electric vehicles — power performance — test method
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB 20071 The protection of the occupants in the event of a lateral collision
GB 20072 The requirements of fuel system safety in the event of rear-end collision for passenger car
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 19596 and the following apply.
3.1
working voltage
rms of AC voltage or the maximum value of DC voltage (regardless of transient peak value) that may occur in the power system under any normal working conditions according to the manufacturer's instructions
3.2
passenger compartment
space for accommodating occupants and defined by the roof, floor, side walls, doors, glass windows, front panel, rear panel or rear seat back support plate and electrical protection bars and enclosures to prevent occupants from contacting live parts
[Source：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.2.2.5]
3.3
direct contact
electric contact between humans or animals with a live part
[Source：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.3.2.3]
3.4
indirect contact
electric contact between humans or animals with exposed conductive part which have become live in the case of a fault in basic insulation
[Source：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.3.2.4]
3.5
exposed conductive part
electrically conductive part that may be touched by the jointed test finger (IPXXB)
Note: This concept is aimed at specific circuits. The live part of one circuit may be the exposed conductor of another circuit. For example, the body of a passenger car may be the live part of an auxiliary circuit, but it is the exposed conductor for a power circuit.
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.2.3.4, modified]
3.6
live part
conductor or conductive part that is energized during normal use
[Source：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.2.3.4]
3.7
electrical chassis
group of electrically connected conductive parts, the potential of which serves as reference potential
[Source：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.2.2.2]
3.8
fire
phenomenon of continuous flame
Note: Instantaneous spark or arc is not a fire.
3.9
explosion
phenomenon that instantaneous pressure wave is generated due to energy release, which may destroy the surrounding objects structurally or physically
3.10
balance of electric power system
remaining Class B voltage circuits after disconnect all rechargeable electrical energy storage system (REESS)
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.2.3.9, modified]
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Basic requirements
After vehicle preparation and crash test are completed according to 5.1 and 5.2, the vehicle including REESS's high-voltage system for power and high-voltage components conductively connected with the high-voltage system for power shall meet the requirements of 4.2-4.4 at the same time.
4.2 Protection against electric shock
4.2.1 General requirements
Each high-voltage bus shall meet at least one of the four subclauses specified in 4.2.2-4.2.5. If the crash test is conducted under the condition that the vehicle's REESS is artificially disconnected from balance of electric power system, the vehicle's power system load shall meet one of the two subclauses specified in 4.2.4 or 4.2.5; REESS and high-voltage bus for charging shall meet one of the four subclauses specified in 4.2.2-4.2.5.
4.2.2 Voltage requirements
According to the test method specified in A.1, Annex A, the voltages Ub, U1 and U2 of the high-voltage bus shall not be greater than 30V AC or 60V DC.
4.2.3 Electrical energy requirements
The total electric energy TE on high-voltage bus shall be less than 0.2J. TE may be obtained in one of the following two ways: one is to measure the total electric energy TE during electric energy measurement according to the test program specified in Formula (A.1). And the other is to calculate the total energy TE according to the Formula (A.2) through the voltage Ub of the high-voltage bus and the capacitance (Cx) of the X-capacitor specified by the manufacturer.
The energy (TEy1, TEy2) stored in the Y-capacitor shall also be less than 0.2 J. The value shall be calculated according to Formula (A.3) and Formula (A.4) through the voltages U1 and U2 of high-voltage bus and electrical chassis and the capacitance (Cy1, Cy2) of Y-capacitor specified by the manufacturer.
4.2.4 Physical Protection
In order to prevent direct contact with high-voltage live parts, the vehicle shall be protected at IPXXB level after crash, and the test method shall be carried out according to A.3. In addition, in order to prevent the electric shock injury caused by indirect contact, the resistance between all exposed conductive parts and the electrical chassis shall be lower than 0.1Ω when measured with a current greater than 0.2A. If welding connection is adopted, it is considered to meet this requirement.
Foreword iii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Technical requirements
5 Test procedure
Annex A (Nominative) Inspecting and testing method of electric safety requirements for post crash electric vehicles
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization — Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
This standard replaces GB/T 31498-2015 The safety requirement of electric vehicle post crash. In addition to structural adjustment and editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made compared with GB/T 31498-2015:
——The application scope of this standard is modified (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2015);
——The definitions of Class B voltage, high voltage system, rechargeable energy storage system, conductive part and high-voltage bus are deleted (see 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.8 and 3.12 of Edition 2015);
——The requirements for insulation resistance are modified (see 4.2.5; 4.2.5 of Edition 2015);
——Special safety requirements and test methods for electric vehicle post crash.
——The calculation formula of low electric energy is revised [see Formula (A.2), Formula (A.3) and Formula (A.4), and Formula (A.2), Formula (A.3) and Formula (A.4) in Edition 2015].
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization (SAC/TC 114).
The previous edition of this standard is as follows:
——It was first released in 2015 as GB/T 31498-2015;
——This edition is the first revision.
Post crash safety requirement for electric vehicle
1 Scope
This standard specifies the special safety requirements and test methods for pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles with Class B voltage circuit after frontal, lateral and rear crashes.
This standard is applicable to the frontal crash of pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles with Class B voltage circuit in M1 vehicles and N1 vehicles with the maximum designed total mass not more than 2500 kg as well as multipurpose goods vehicles.
This standard is applicable to the lateral crash and rear crash of pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles with Class B voltage circuits in M1 and N1 vehicles.
This standard is not applicable to fuel cell electric vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this standard and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB 11551 The protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal collision for motor vehicle
GB 18384-2020 Electric vehicles safety requirements
GB/T18385—2005 Electric vehicles — power performance — test method
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB 20071 The protection of the occupants in the event of a lateral collision
GB 20072 The requirements of fuel system safety in the event of rear-end collision for passenger car
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 19596 and the following apply.
3.1
working voltage
rms of AC voltage or the maximum value of DC voltage (regardless of transient peak value) that may occur in the power system under any normal working conditions according to the manufacturer's instructions
3.2
passenger compartment
space for accommodating occupants and defined by the roof, floor, side walls, doors, glass windows, front panel, rear panel or rear seat back support plate and electrical protection bars and enclosures to prevent occupants from contacting live parts
[Source：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.2.2.5]
3.3
direct contact
electric contact between humans or animals with a live part
[Source：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.3.2.3]
3.4
indirect contact
electric contact between humans or animals with exposed conductive part which have become live in the case of a fault in basic insulation
[Source：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.3.2.4]
3.5
exposed conductive part
electrically conductive part that may be touched by the jointed test finger (IPXXB)
Note: This concept is aimed at specific circuits. The live part of one circuit may be the exposed conductor of another circuit. For example, the body of a passenger car may be the live part of an auxiliary circuit, but it is the exposed conductor for a power circuit.
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.2.3.4, modified]
3.6
live part
conductor or conductive part that is energized during normal use
[Source：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.2.3.4]
3.7
electrical chassis
group of electrically connected conductive parts, the potential of which serves as reference potential
[Source：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.2.2.2]
3.8
fire
phenomenon of continuous flame
Note: Instantaneous spark or arc is not a fire.
3.9
explosion
phenomenon that instantaneous pressure wave is generated due to energy release, which may destroy the surrounding objects structurally or physically
3.10
balance of electric power system
remaining Class B voltage circuits after disconnect all rechargeable electrical energy storage system (REESS)
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.2.3.9, modified]
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Basic requirements
After vehicle preparation and crash test are completed according to 5.1 and 5.2, the vehicle including REESS's high-voltage system for power and high-voltage components conductively connected with the high-voltage system for power shall meet the requirements of 4.2-4.4 at the same time.
4.2 Protection against electric shock
4.2.1 General requirements
Each high-voltage bus shall meet at least one of the four subclauses specified in 4.2.2-4.2.5. If the crash test is conducted under the condition that the vehicle's REESS is artificially disconnected from balance of electric power system, the vehicle's power system load shall meet one of the two subclauses specified in 4.2.4 or 4.2.5; REESS and high-voltage bus for charging shall meet one of the four subclauses specified in 4.2.2-4.2.5.
4.2.2 Voltage requirements
According to the test method specified in A.1, Annex A, the voltages Ub, U1 and U2 of the high-voltage bus shall not be greater than 30V AC or 60V DC.
4.2.3 Electrical energy requirements
The total electric energy TE on high-voltage bus shall be less than 0.2J. TE may be obtained in one of the following two ways: one is to measure the total electric energy TE during electric energy measurement according to the test program specified in Formula (A.1). And the other is to calculate the total energy TE according to the Formula (A.2) through the voltage Ub of the high-voltage bus and the capacitance (Cx) of the X-capacitor specified by the manufacturer.
The energy (TEy1, TEy2) stored in the Y-capacitor shall also be less than 0.2 J. The value shall be calculated according to Formula (A.3) and Formula (A.4) through the voltages U1 and U2 of high-voltage bus and electrical chassis and the capacitance (Cy1, Cy2) of Y-capacitor specified by the manufacturer.
4.2.4 Physical Protection
In order to prevent direct contact with high-voltage live parts, the vehicle shall be protected at IPXXB level after crash, and the test method shall be carried out according to A.3. In addition, in order to prevent the electric shock injury caused by indirect contact, the resistance between all exposed conductive parts and the electrical chassis shall be lower than 0.1Ω when measured with a current greater than 0.2A. If welding connection is adopted, it is considered to meet this requirement.
Contents of GB/T 31498-2021
Foreword iii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Technical requirements
5 Test procedure
Annex A (Nominative) Inspecting and testing method of electric safety requirements for post crash electric vehicles
