Detail of HJ/T 91-2002

Introduction of HJ/T 91-2002

Technical specifications requirements for monitoring of surface water and waste water 1 Scope This specification is applicable to the water quality monitoring of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and channels, including the water quality monitoring of state-controlled stations that directly report monitoring data to the state and that of control cross-sections (or vertical lines) of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), cities (prefectures) and counties, as well as the monitoring of waste water discharged from pollution sources. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this specification and have the same effect as this specification. GB 6816-86 Water quality - Vocabulary Part 1 and Part 2 GB 11607-89 Water quality standard for fisheries GB 12997-91 Water quality - Technical regulation on the design of sampling programmes GB 12998-91 Water quality - Guidance on sampling techniques GB 12999-91 Water quality sampling - Technical regulation of the preservation and handling of samples GB 5084-92 Standards for irrigation water quality GB/T 14581-93 Water quality - Guidance on sampling techniques from lakes, natural and man-made GB 50179-93 Code for liquid flow measurement in open channels GB 15562.1-1995 Graphical signs for environmental protection - Discharge outlet (source) GB 8978-1996 Integrated wastewater discharge standard GB 3838-2002 Environmental quality standards for surface water HJ/T 15-1996 Supersonic flowmeter of wastewater Sanitary standards for drinking water (WEIFAJIANFA [2001] No.161) of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China ISO 555-1:1973 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Dilution methods for the measurement of steady flow - Part 1: Constant-rate injection method ISO 555-2:1987 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Dilution methods for the measurement of steady flow - Part 2: Integration method ISO 555-3:1987 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Dilution methods for the measurement of steady flow - Part 3: Constant rate injection method and integration method using radioactive tracers ISO 748:1979 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Velocity-area methods ISO 1070:1973 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Slope-area method If the above standards and specifications are revised, the latest edition applies. 3 Definitions 3.1 tidal river river entering the sea affected by tides 3.2 water quality monitoring programmed process of sampling, measuring, recording or signaling various characteristic indexes of water in order to master the quality of water environment and the dynamic changes of pollutants in the drainage system 3.3 watershed; basin; catchment general term for rivers, lakes and reservoirs and their catchment sources, including tributaries, main streams and catchment areas 3.4 watershed monitoring monitoring of water quality in the whole watershed and pollution sources that discharge pollutants into the watershed 3.5 water pollution accident accident of discharge of pollutants into water bodies that brings urgent harm to the industrial and agricultural production, people's lives and the environment 3.6 snap sample single sample taken randomly (in terms of time and cross-section) from water in a discontinuous manner, which is usually taken at random at a certain time and place 3.7 composite samples 3.7.1 equal proportional composite sample composite sample prepared by mixing the water samples that are taken at the same sampling point in a given period of time in proportion to the time or flow 3.7.2 equal time composite sample composite sample prepared by mixing the water samples of equal volume that are taken at the same sampling point (cross-section) at equal time intervals in a given period of time   3.8 sampling cross-section entire section over which water samples are taken during river sampling, which is classified into background cross-section, contrast cross-section, control cross-section and attenuation cross-section 3.8.1 background cross-section cross-section that is not affected by human life and production activities and can provide the background value of water environment for evaluating the pollution degree of a complete drainage system 3.8.2 contrast cross-section cross-section located upstream of all pollution sources in a region and able to provide the background value of the water environment in this region when judging the pollution degree of water environment in this region 3.8.3 control cross-section cross-section for understanding the pollution degree of water environment and its changes 3.8.4 attenuation cross-section cross-section where the concentration of the main pollutants from industrial wastewater or domestic sewage is significantly reduced after the industrial wastewater or domestic sewage flows through a certain distance in the water body so that it reaches the maximum degree of mixing and its pollutants are diluted and degraded 3.9 river mouth reach of a river that empties into the sea 3.10 sewage outfalls into environmental water bodies direct waste water outlet that discharges waste water into rivers, lakes, reservoirs and channels, including tributaries, pollution sources and direct municipal outfalls 3.11 automatic sampling process of automatic continuous or intermittent collection of water samples by means of instruments and equipment according to a pre-programmed procedure 3.12 proportional sampler a kind of special automatic water quality sampler, with which the amount of water samples collected is proportional to time or flow, that is, a water quality sampler that can be used to take composite sample at any period of time to reflect the average concentration of pollutants in that period  

Contents of HJ/T 91-2002

Foreword II 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Definitions 4 Distribution of surface water monitoring points and sampling 4.1 Distribution of surface water monitoring cross-sections 4.2 Sampling for surface water quality monitoring 4.3 Sediment monitoring points and sampling 5 Distribution of waste water monitoring points and sampling 5.1 Distribution of pollution-source waste water monitoring points 5.2 Sampling for pollution-source waste water monitoring 5.3 Monitoring of total pollutant discharge amount 6 Monitoring items and analysis methods 6.1 Monitoring items 6.2 Analysis methods 7 Watershed monitoring 7.1 Purpose of watershed monitoring 7.2 Watershed cross-section 7.3 Synchronous monitoring 7.4 Monitoring cross-section (point) 7.5 Boundary cross-sections of provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) 7.6 Monitoring items 7.7 Monitoring of pollutant flux in a watershed 7.8 Quality assurance 8 Environmental protection acceptance monitoring for completed waste water treatment facilities in construction projects 8.1 Content of acceptance monitoring 8.2 Scheme of acceptance monitoring 8.3 Monitoring points distribution and sampling 8.4 Monitoring items and analysis methods 8.5 Quality assurance 8.6 Assessment standards 8.7 Total amount control 8.8 Data processing and analysis 8.9 Acceptance monitoring report (table) 9 Emergency monitoring 9.1 Emergent water environmental pollution accident 9.1.1 Purpose and principle of emergency monitoring 9.1.2 Sampling 9.1.3 Monitoring method 9.1.4 Emergency monitoring report 9.2 Water quality monitoring during flood period and flood recession period 9.2.1 Purpose of monitoring 9.2.2 Basic tasks and requirements of monitoring 9.2.3 Distribution principle of monitoring points 9.2.4 Sampling 9.2.5 Monitoring frequency and time 9.2.6 Monitoring items 9.2.7 Monitoring and analysis methods 9.2.8 Quality assurance 9.2.9 Data processing and report 10 Collecting, processing and reporting of monitoring data 10.1 Original record 10.2 Significant digits and rules for measured data 10.3 Rules of rounding off 10.4 Rules of approximate calculation 10.5 Expression method of monitoring results 10.6 Calibration curve 10.7 Statistical requirements for analysis results 10.8 Data reporting 11 Monitoring quality assurance and quality control 11.1 Quality requirements for monitoring personnel 11.2 Monitoring instrument management and periodic inspection 11.3 Selection and validation of analysis methods for water quality monitoring 11.4 Quality assurance of distribution of water quality monitoring points and sampling 11.5 Basic conditions of analysis laboratory 11.6 Monitoring analytical laboratory internal quality control 11.7 Quality control between laboratories 11.8 Quality assurance management 11.9 Water quality monitoring safety 12 Data compilation 12.1 Collation of original data 12.2 Filling of monitoring items and analysis methods 12.3 Summary of monitoring results 12.4 Annual statistics of monitoring results Attached Table 1 Monitoring and analysis methods of water and waste water (3) (4)