Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
Please note that some contents of this document may involve patents. Issue organization of this document does not undertake the responsibility of identifying these patents.
This standard was proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the China National Technical Committee for Automation Systems and Integration Standardization (SAC/TC 159).
Safety requirements and test methods for electrical self-balancing vehicles
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, test conditions, general safety requirements, electrical safety, mechanical safety, environmental reliability, test methods, marking and description of electrical self-balancing vehicles.
This standard is applicable to electrical self-balancing vehicles driven by batteries.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2423.22-2012 Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests methods - Test N: Change of temperature
GB 3565-2005 Safety requirements of bicycles
GB 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB 4943.1-2011 Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 5169.16-2008 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 16: Test flames - 50W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
GB 12350-2009 Safety requirements of small-power motors
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
electrical self-balancing vehicle
a wheeled manned moving platform based on inverted pendulum model and static instability principle, equipped with a rechargeable electric drive system and maintaining dynamic balance in autonomous or manual control mode
Note: electrical self-balancing vehicle is referred to as self-balancing vehicle for short.
3.2
safety alarm
definite noticeable alarm sent to the user in case of internal fault detected (e.g. abnormal voltage of battery or fault of balance control unit), dangerous driving or abnormal operation of the vehicle
3.3
footrest tilting function
user safety protection function of tilting the front end of footrest of self-balancing vehicle upwards to prevent it from further operation in case of overspeed, low battery or overload detected
3.4
enclosure
component of the equipment equipped with one or more function(s) specified in 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, or 3.8
Note: one type of enclosure may be inside another enclosure of other type (for example, an electrical enclosure may be inside a fire enclosure or a fire enclosure may be inside an electrical enclosure) In addition, one type of enclosure may provide the functions of various types of enclosures (for example, combination of functions of electrical enclosure and fire enclosure).
Note: it is revised from definition 1.2.6.1 in GB/T 4943.1-2011.
3.5
fire enclosure
equipment component used to minimize the fire or flame spreading in the equipment
[GB 4943.1-2011, definition 1.2.6.2]
3.6
mechanical enclosure
equipment component used to reduce the damage caused by mechanical hazard and other physical hazard
[GB 4943.1-2011, definition 1.2.6.3]
3.7
electrical enclosure
equipment component used to limit the exposure to parts and components which may bring hazardous voltage or hazardous energy level
Note: it is revised from definition 1.2.6.4 in GB/T 4943.1-2011.
3.8
environmental enclosure
equipment component used to limit damage of parts and components or hazards caused by ingress of external environmental substances into the equipment
3.9
decorative part
equipment part and component without protective function which is located outside the enclosure
[GB 4943.1-2011, definition 1.2.6.5]
3.10
crash
state where the electrical self-balancing vehicle cannot actively maintain balance due to significant change in posture or speed of the vehicle during driving
3.11
electrolyte leakage
visible leakage of liquid electrolyte
[GB/T 28164-2011, definition 1.3.9]
3.12
upper limited charging voltage
highest safe charging voltage borne by the battery or battery pack as specified by the manufacturer
[GB 31241-2014, definition 3.9]
3.13
discharge cut-off voltage
load voltage of the battery or battery pack at the end of discharge as specified by the manufacturer
[GB 31241-2014, definition 3.11]
3.14
active protective device
protective device to be driven by power supply, such as battery management systems and control integrated circuit
3.15
passive protective device
protective device not driven by power supply, such as fuse
4 Test conditions
4.1 The test road shall meet the following conditions:
a) the test is carried out on cement or asphalt roads of which the surface shall be smooth, dry and tidy with good adhesion coefficient; the inspection road section shall be as level as possible, the longitudinal gradient shall not exceed 0.5% and the transverse gradient shall not exceed 3%;
b) test area shall be arranged on the test road, and the width of test channel in the test area shall not be less than 1m. The two ends of this test area shall have a traveling supporting area that is long enough and an auxiliary area for ensuring safe stopping, and shall be able to support travel in both directions.
4.2 The driver shall meet the following conditions:
a) if the maximum load of product is greater than or equal to 75kg, the total mass of the driver and equipment shall not be less than 75kg, otherwise, counterweight shall be used; if the maximum load of product is less than 75kg, the total mass of the driver and equipment shall be the maximum load of product;
b) the driver shall be proficient in driving techniques and familiar with test methods;
c) the driver shall be equipped with necessary protective equipment such as helmets, knee pads and elbow pads;
d) the driver shall drive the vehicle under test according to the operation method specified by the manufacturer, and shall keep the driving posture not changed significantly in the whole test process and avoid the operation not allowed by the manufacturer.
4.3 The test environment shall meet the following conditions:
a) the temperature shall be within the working temperature range of the electrical self-balancing vehicle; unless otherwise specified, the ambient temperature specified in this standard is (25±5)℃;
b) relative humidity: not greater than 75%;
c) atmospheric pressure: 86~106kPa;
d) during the test, the average wind speed shall not be greater than 3m/s, and the instantaneous wind speed not greater than 5m/s;
e) where the test is required to be carried out outdoors, rain and snow days shall be avoided.
4.4 The test vehicle shall meet the following conditions:
a) the equipment of complete machine for test shall be complete and fully charged as required by the manufacturer;
b) the complete machine for test shall be in the state of normal driving according to the manufacturer's instructions;
c) if test instrument is installed on the complete machine for test, its influence on the load distribution of each wheel and wind resistance influence shall be minimized.
5 General safety requirements
5.1 Materials
5.1.1 Non-metal materials
Non-metal materials such as non-metal enclosures, circuit boards, connectors, etc. of electrical self-balancing vehicles shall meet the requirements for flame retardancy. The flammability rating of non-metal enclosures and circuit boards shall be at least V-1 and that of non-metal components and parts in the enclosure of connectors shall be at least V-2, and the assessment method should be in accordance with GB/T 5169.16-2008.
Note: this requirement is not applicable to decorative parts and other parts that cannot be ignited or are unlikely to spread flames generated inside the equipment.
Where the enclosure is made of thermoplastic non-metal material, it shall meet the requirements of 7.4.
5.1.2 Metal materials
The metal enclosure of electrical self-balancing vehicle shall be corrosion-resistant and the corrosion resistance may be achieved by appropriate electroplating or coating treatment.
In order to prevent possible short circuit between the live parts and the metal enclosure, an insulating gasket shall be adopted for the metal enclosure, which shall not be made of absorbent material and be able to meet the temperature change in the working process of self-balancing vehicle (including the charging process).
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test conditions
5 General safety requirements
6 Electrical safety
7 Mechanical safety
8 Environmental reliability
9 Test methods
10 Marking and description
Annex A (Informative) Protective circuit and safety analysis
Bibliography
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
Please note that some contents of this document may involve patents. Issue organization of this document does not undertake the responsibility of identifying these patents.
This standard was proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the China National Technical Committee for Automation Systems and Integration Standardization (SAC/TC 159).
Safety requirements and test methods for electrical self-balancing vehicles
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, test conditions, general safety requirements, electrical safety, mechanical safety, environmental reliability, test methods, marking and description of electrical self-balancing vehicles.
This standard is applicable to electrical self-balancing vehicles driven by batteries.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2423.22-2012 Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests methods - Test N: Change of temperature
GB 3565-2005 Safety requirements of bicycles
GB 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB 4943.1-2011 Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 5169.16-2008 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 16: Test flames - 50W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
GB 12350-2009 Safety requirements of small-power motors
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
electrical self-balancing vehicle
a wheeled manned moving platform based on inverted pendulum model and static instability principle, equipped with a rechargeable electric drive system and maintaining dynamic balance in autonomous or manual control mode
Note: electrical self-balancing vehicle is referred to as self-balancing vehicle for short.
3.2
safety alarm
definite noticeable alarm sent to the user in case of internal fault detected (e.g. abnormal voltage of battery or fault of balance control unit), dangerous driving or abnormal operation of the vehicle
3.3
footrest tilting function
user safety protection function of tilting the front end of footrest of self-balancing vehicle upwards to prevent it from further operation in case of overspeed, low battery or overload detected
3.4
enclosure
component of the equipment equipped with one or more function(s) specified in 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, or 3.8
Note: one type of enclosure may be inside another enclosure of other type (for example, an electrical enclosure may be inside a fire enclosure or a fire enclosure may be inside an electrical enclosure) In addition, one type of enclosure may provide the functions of various types of enclosures (for example, combination of functions of electrical enclosure and fire enclosure).
Note: it is revised from definition 1.2.6.1 in GB/T 4943.1-2011.
3.5
fire enclosure
equipment component used to minimize the fire or flame spreading in the equipment
[GB 4943.1-2011, definition 1.2.6.2]
3.6
mechanical enclosure
equipment component used to reduce the damage caused by mechanical hazard and other physical hazard
[GB 4943.1-2011, definition 1.2.6.3]
3.7
electrical enclosure
equipment component used to limit the exposure to parts and components which may bring hazardous voltage or hazardous energy level
Note: it is revised from definition 1.2.6.4 in GB/T 4943.1-2011.
3.8
environmental enclosure
equipment component used to limit damage of parts and components or hazards caused by ingress of external environmental substances into the equipment
3.9
decorative part
equipment part and component without protective function which is located outside the enclosure
[GB 4943.1-2011, definition 1.2.6.5]
3.10
crash
state where the electrical self-balancing vehicle cannot actively maintain balance due to significant change in posture or speed of the vehicle during driving
3.11
electrolyte leakage
visible leakage of liquid electrolyte
[GB/T 28164-2011, definition 1.3.9]
3.12
upper limited charging voltage
highest safe charging voltage borne by the battery or battery pack as specified by the manufacturer
[GB 31241-2014, definition 3.9]
3.13
discharge cut-off voltage
load voltage of the battery or battery pack at the end of discharge as specified by the manufacturer
[GB 31241-2014, definition 3.11]
3.14
active protective device
protective device to be driven by power supply, such as battery management systems and control integrated circuit
3.15
passive protective device
protective device not driven by power supply, such as fuse
4 Test conditions
4.1 The test road shall meet the following conditions:
a) the test is carried out on cement or asphalt roads of which the surface shall be smooth, dry and tidy with good adhesion coefficient; the inspection road section shall be as level as possible, the longitudinal gradient shall not exceed 0.5% and the transverse gradient shall not exceed 3%;
b) test area shall be arranged on the test road, and the width of test channel in the test area shall not be less than 1m. The two ends of this test area shall have a traveling supporting area that is long enough and an auxiliary area for ensuring safe stopping, and shall be able to support travel in both directions.
4.2 The driver shall meet the following conditions:
a) if the maximum load of product is greater than or equal to 75kg, the total mass of the driver and equipment shall not be less than 75kg, otherwise, counterweight shall be used; if the maximum load of product is less than 75kg, the total mass of the driver and equipment shall be the maximum load of product;
b) the driver shall be proficient in driving techniques and familiar with test methods;
c) the driver shall be equipped with necessary protective equipment such as helmets, knee pads and elbow pads;
d) the driver shall drive the vehicle under test according to the operation method specified by the manufacturer, and shall keep the driving posture not changed significantly in the whole test process and avoid the operation not allowed by the manufacturer.
4.3 The test environment shall meet the following conditions:
a) the temperature shall be within the working temperature range of the electrical self-balancing vehicle; unless otherwise specified, the ambient temperature specified in this standard is (25±5)℃;
b) relative humidity: not greater than 75%;
c) atmospheric pressure: 86~106kPa;
d) during the test, the average wind speed shall not be greater than 3m/s, and the instantaneous wind speed not greater than 5m/s;
e) where the test is required to be carried out outdoors, rain and snow days shall be avoided.
4.4 The test vehicle shall meet the following conditions:
a) the equipment of complete machine for test shall be complete and fully charged as required by the manufacturer;
b) the complete machine for test shall be in the state of normal driving according to the manufacturer's instructions;
c) if test instrument is installed on the complete machine for test, its influence on the load distribution of each wheel and wind resistance influence shall be minimized.
5 General safety requirements
5.1 Materials
5.1.1 Non-metal materials
Non-metal materials such as non-metal enclosures, circuit boards, connectors, etc. of electrical self-balancing vehicles shall meet the requirements for flame retardancy. The flammability rating of non-metal enclosures and circuit boards shall be at least V-1 and that of non-metal components and parts in the enclosure of connectors shall be at least V-2, and the assessment method should be in accordance with GB/T 5169.16-2008.
Note: this requirement is not applicable to decorative parts and other parts that cannot be ignited or are unlikely to spread flames generated inside the equipment.
Where the enclosure is made of thermoplastic non-metal material, it shall meet the requirements of 7.4.
5.1.2 Metal materials
The metal enclosure of electrical self-balancing vehicle shall be corrosion-resistant and the corrosion resistance may be achieved by appropriate electroplating or coating treatment.
In order to prevent possible short circuit between the live parts and the metal enclosure, an insulating gasket shall be adopted for the metal enclosure, which shall not be made of absorbent material and be able to meet the temperature change in the working process of self-balancing vehicle (including the charging process).
Contents of GB/T 34668-2017
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test conditions
5 General safety requirements
6 Electrical safety
7 Mechanical safety
8 Environmental reliability
9 Test methods
10 Marking and description
Annex A (Informative) Protective circuit and safety analysis
Bibliography
