1 Scope
This part of GB 10827 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for the following types of pedestrian-propelled trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks), equipped with load-handling devices for normal industrial duties, e.g. fork arms and platforms, or integrated attachments for special applications:
- pedestrian-propelled straddle stackers,
- pallet stackers,
- industrial trucks with capacities not exceeding 1 000 kg with manual or electrical battery-powered lifting,
- low-lift pallet trucks with lift height up to 300 mm and rated capacity up to 2 300 kg,
- scissor-lift pallet trucks with lift heights up to 1 000 mm or rated capacity up to 1 000 kg with manual or electrical battery-powered lifting.
It is applicable to trucks provided with either manual or electrical battery-powered lifting, operating on smooth, level, hard surfaces.
Note: On-board battery chargers are considered to be part of the truck. Attachments mounted on the load-carrier or on the fork arms which are removable by the user are not considered to be part of the truck.
This part deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
It does not establish the additional requirements for
a) climatic conditions,
b) operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as freezer applications, high temperatures, corrosive environments, strong magnetic fields),
c) electromagnetic compatibility (emission/immunity),
d) handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids/alkalis, radiating materials, especially brittle loads),
e) handling suspended loads which may swing freely handling,
f) use on public roads,
g) direct contact with foodstuffs,
h) operation on gradients or on surfaces other than smooth, level, hard surfaces,
i) lifting systems using belts,
j) lifting of persons,
k) trucks with overturning moment greater than 40 000 N·m,
l) scissor-lift trucks whose lifting is powered by external means (electric, pneumatic),
m) roll containers, (returnable container);
n) trucks that are intended to be towed by powered vehicles,
o) trucks designed for special applications (e.g. hospitals, restaurant trolleys),
p) winch-operated trucks,
q) mobile lifting tables.
Hazards relevant to noise, vibration and visibility are not significant and are not dealt with in this part.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2328 Fork-Lift Trucks - Hook-on Type Fork Arms and Fork Arm Carriages - Mounting Dimensions
ISO 3287 Powered Industrial Trucks - Symbols for Operator Controls and Other Displays
ISO 5053 Powered Industrial Trucks - Terminology
ISO 12100-1 Safety of Machinery-Basic Concepts, General Principles for Design-Part 1:Basic Terminology, Methodology
ISO 12100-2 Safety of Machinery-Basic Concepts, General Principles for Design-Part 2: Technical Principles
ISO 13857 Safety of Machinery - Safety Distances to Prevent Hazard Zones Being Reached by Upper and Lower Limbs
ISO 15870 Powered Industrial Trucks - Safety Signs and Hazard Pictorials - General Principles
ISO 20898 Industrial Trucks - Electrical Requirements
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053 and ISO 12100-1, and the following apply.
3.1
stacker truck
masted truck without tilt, with load-bearing outriggers, equipped with fork arms, a platform or other load-handling device, designed to be manually pushed, pulled and steered by one pedestrian operator
Note: The load can be raised by either manual means or battery power.
3.1.1
straddle stacker
stacking truck with outriggers, equipped with fork arms that are located between the outriggers
3.1.2
pallet stacker
stacking truck where the fork arms extend over the outriggers
3.2
pallet truck
truck with wheels supporting lifting fork arms for handling pallets, designed to be manually pushed, pulled and steered, on a smooth, level, hard surface by a pedestrian operator using an articulated tiller and designed to raise a load by pumping the tiller to a height
3.3
pedestrian-propelled industrial scissor-lift pallet truck
truck without a mast, with three or more wheels and with two fork arms or a platform, with a scissor lifting mechanism, a wheel base that varies with the lift height and lateral stabilizers, designed to be manually pushed, pulled and steered by one pedestrian operator using an articulated tiller
3.4
actual capacity
maximum load in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and truck stability, which the truck can carry, lift and stack to a specified height, at a specified load centre distance and reach, if applicable, in normal operation
Note: The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck in terms of such variables as the type and lift height of the mast fitted, the actual load centre and any attachments that may be fitted. Additional capacity ratings with removable attachments can also be established where permitted by the appropriate stability tests or by calculation using empirical data (formulae).
3.5
rated capacity of removable attachments
maximum load in kilograms, which the attachment is capable of handling in normal operating conditions at the load centre distance as specified by the manufacturer of the attachment
Note: For determination, see Annex B.
3.6
rated capacity
(of a stacker truck) maximum load in kilograms given by the manufacturer, based on component strength and truck stability, that the truck can carry, lift and stack to a standard lift height, at a standard load centre in normal position
Note 1: Where a truck does not lift to the standard lift height, H, it is given a rated capacity at its maximum lift height. For determination, see Annex B.
Note 2: The rated capacity is used to compare the capacity of different manufacturers' trucks and to provide the break points used in technical standards and statistics. It gives the load that the truck type is capable of transporting or lifting under the above conditions. The safe operating limits for the truck are defined by its actual capacity (see ISO 3691-1).
3.7
normal operating position
position in which the operator shall be able to control all functions for load handling as defined by the manufacturer
3.8
normal operation
intended use for which the truck is designed, according to the manufacturer's specification and defined in the instruction handbook
4 List of Significant Hazards
This list contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they deal with this part, identified by risk assessment of industrial trucks and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
Table 1 List of Significant Hazards
No. Type or group/origin Potential consequences Corresponding requirement
1 Mechanical hazards
-Acceleration, deceleration (kinetic energy)
- Machinery mobility
- Moving elements
- Rotating elements -Being run over
-Being thrown
- Crushing
-Drawing-in or trapping
- Impact 5.2 Propelling, steering
5.3.1 Load-handling controls - General
5.3.2 Control with a device on the tiller
5.3.3 Control with a device not located on the
tiller
5.4.3.1 Limitation of stroke
5.4.3.6 Failure of energy supply of hydraulic circuit
5.4.6.1 Disengagement of the attachment
5.5 Parking brake
5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
- Angular parts
- Approach of a moving element to a fixed part
- Crushing parts
- Sharp edges - Crushing
- Cutting or severing
- Drawing-in or trapping
- Entanglement
- Shearing
- Stabbing or puncture 5.2 Propelling, steering
5.8 Protection against crushing, shearing and entanglement points
5.9 Edges and angles
5.10 Protective devices
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
-Falling objects -Crushing
-Impact 5.4.1 Chain system
5.4.2 Wire rope system
5.4.3.1 Limitation of stroke
5.4.3.2 Natural descent
5.4.3.4 Hydraulic circuit
5.4.3.5 Lowering speed limitation
5.4.4 Fork arms and platforms - Stacker trucks only
5.4.5 Fork carriers - Stacker trucks only
5.4.6 Load handling attachments - Stacker trucks only
5.6 Stability
5.7 Lateral stabilizers
5.10.4 Pallet handling
5.12 Lifting points
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
-High pressure -Injection 5.4.3.3 Pressure relief valves
5.4.3.4 Hydraulic circuit
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
-Stability -Being thrown
-Crushing
-Impact 5.6 Stability
5.7 Lateral stabilizers
5.12 Lifting points
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
2 Electrical hazards
-Arc
- Electromagnetic phenomena
- Electrostatic phenomena
-Live parts
- Not enough distance from live parts under high voltage
- Overload
- Parts which have become live under fault conditions
- Short-circuit
- Thermal radiation - Burn
- Chemical effects
- Electrocution
- Falling, being thrown
- Fire
-Projection of molten particles
-Shock 5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
3 Thermal hazards
- Explosion
- Flame
-Radiation from heat sources - Burn
-Dehydration
-Discomfort
-Injuries by the radiation of heat sources
- Scald 5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or
measures
7 Information for use
4 Noise hazards
No origin of this kind of hazard in industrial trucks covered by these specifications
5 Vibration hazards
No origin of this kind of hazard in industrial trucks covered by these specifications
6 Radiation hazards
No origin of this kind of hazard in industrial trucks covered by these specifications
7 Material/substance hazards
- Combustible
- Explosive
- Flammable
-Fluid
- Fume
-Gas -Breathing difficulties, suffocation
-Cancer
-Corrosion
-Effects on reproductive capability
-Explosion
- Fire
-Infection
-Mutation
- Poisoning
- Sensitization 5.4.3.4
5.10.2
5.11.2
6
7 Hydraulic circuit
Glass guards or screens
Electrical systems and equipment
Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
Information for use
8 Ergonomic hazards
- Access
- Design or location of indicators and visual display units
- Design, location or identification of control devices
-Effort
- Local lighting
- Mental overload/underload
- Posture
- Repetitive activity
- Visibility -Discomfort
-Fatigue
-Musculoskeletal disorder
-Stress
-Any other (e.g. mechanical, electrical) as a consequence of human error 5.2 Propelling, steering
5.3 Load-handling controls
5.11.1 Lifting
5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
9 Hazards associated with environment in which the machine is used
-Dust and fog
-Electromagnetic disturbance
-Lightning
-Moisture
-Temperature
-Water
-Lack of oxygen - Burn
- Slight disease
- Slipping, falling
- Suffocation
- Any other as a consequence of the effect caused by the sources of the hazards on the machine or parts of the machine 7 Information for use
10 Combination of hazards
E.g. repetitive activity + effort + high environmental temperature E.g. dehydration, loss of awareness, heat stroke 7 Information for use
5 Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
5.1 General
Trucks shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In addition, the truck shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
5.2 Propelling, steering
5.2.1 Push/pull handles
Push/pull handle(s), either vertical or horizontal, and/or a tiller shall be provided to allow the operator to push, pull and steer the truck and, where applicable, lift the load. The force shall be measured and be within the limits defined in Annex A.
5.2.2 Tiller
The tiller shall be provided with a handle of the closed loop type or otherwise designed to ensure lateral protection of the operator's hands.
The hand grips shall be of an enclosed cross-section or a similar structure with an outside diameter of 25 mm~35 mm and provide a minimum span of 120 mm for each hand.
The height of the tiller handle (dimension a) shall conform to the dimensions shown in Figures 1 to 7.
When pulling, the horizontal distance between the end of the tiller and the front of the wheel (dimension b in Figures 3, 5, and 7) shall be more than 500 mm, the handle axis being positioned within 700 mm to 1 000 mm height.
The tiller shall automatically return to the upper rest position when released.
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 List of Significant Hazards
5 Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
6 Verification of Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
7 Information for Use
Annex A (Normative) Method for Measurement of Forces, F
Annex B (Normative) Rated Capacity
Bibliography
1 Scope
This part of GB 10827 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for the following types of pedestrian-propelled trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks), equipped with load-handling devices for normal industrial duties, e.g. fork arms and platforms, or integrated attachments for special applications:
- pedestrian-propelled straddle stackers,
- pallet stackers,
- industrial trucks with capacities not exceeding 1 000 kg with manual or electrical battery-powered lifting,
- low-lift pallet trucks with lift height up to 300 mm and rated capacity up to 2 300 kg,
- scissor-lift pallet trucks with lift heights up to 1 000 mm or rated capacity up to 1 000 kg with manual or electrical battery-powered lifting.
It is applicable to trucks provided with either manual or electrical battery-powered lifting, operating on smooth, level, hard surfaces.
Note: On-board battery chargers are considered to be part of the truck. Attachments mounted on the load-carrier or on the fork arms which are removable by the user are not considered to be part of the truck.
This part deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
It does not establish the additional requirements for
a) climatic conditions,
b) operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as freezer applications, high temperatures, corrosive environments, strong magnetic fields),
c) electromagnetic compatibility (emission/immunity),
d) handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids/alkalis, radiating materials, especially brittle loads),
e) handling suspended loads which may swing freely handling,
f) use on public roads,
g) direct contact with foodstuffs,
h) operation on gradients or on surfaces other than smooth, level, hard surfaces,
i) lifting systems using belts,
j) lifting of persons,
k) trucks with overturning moment greater than 40 000 N·m,
l) scissor-lift trucks whose lifting is powered by external means (electric, pneumatic),
m) roll containers, (returnable container);
n) trucks that are intended to be towed by powered vehicles,
o) trucks designed for special applications (e.g. hospitals, restaurant trolleys),
p) winch-operated trucks,
q) mobile lifting tables.
Hazards relevant to noise, vibration and visibility are not significant and are not dealt with in this part.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2328 Fork-Lift Trucks - Hook-on Type Fork Arms and Fork Arm Carriages - Mounting Dimensions
ISO 3287 Powered Industrial Trucks - Symbols for Operator Controls and Other Displays
ISO 5053 Powered Industrial Trucks - Terminology
ISO 12100-1 Safety of Machinery-Basic Concepts, General Principles for Design-Part 1:Basic Terminology, Methodology
ISO 12100-2 Safety of Machinery-Basic Concepts, General Principles for Design-Part 2: Technical Principles
ISO 13857 Safety of Machinery - Safety Distances to Prevent Hazard Zones Being Reached by Upper and Lower Limbs
ISO 15870 Powered Industrial Trucks - Safety Signs and Hazard Pictorials - General Principles
ISO 20898 Industrial Trucks - Electrical Requirements
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053 and ISO 12100-1, and the following apply.
3.1
stacker truck
masted truck without tilt, with load-bearing outriggers, equipped with fork arms, a platform or other load-handling device, designed to be manually pushed, pulled and steered by one pedestrian operator
Note: The load can be raised by either manual means or battery power.
3.1.1
straddle stacker
stacking truck with outriggers, equipped with fork arms that are located between the outriggers
3.1.2
pallet stacker
stacking truck where the fork arms extend over the outriggers
3.2
pallet truck
truck with wheels supporting lifting fork arms for handling pallets, designed to be manually pushed, pulled and steered, on a smooth, level, hard surface by a pedestrian operator using an articulated tiller and designed to raise a load by pumping the tiller to a height
3.3
pedestrian-propelled industrial scissor-lift pallet truck
truck without a mast, with three or more wheels and with two fork arms or a platform, with a scissor lifting mechanism, a wheel base that varies with the lift height and lateral stabilizers, designed to be manually pushed, pulled and steered by one pedestrian operator using an articulated tiller
3.4
actual capacity
maximum load in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and truck stability, which the truck can carry, lift and stack to a specified height, at a specified load centre distance and reach, if applicable, in normal operation
Note: The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck in terms of such variables as the type and lift height of the mast fitted, the actual load centre and any attachments that may be fitted. Additional capacity ratings with removable attachments can also be established where permitted by the appropriate stability tests or by calculation using empirical data (formulae).
3.5
rated capacity of removable attachments
maximum load in kilograms, which the attachment is capable of handling in normal operating conditions at the load centre distance as specified by the manufacturer of the attachment
Note: For determination, see Annex B.
3.6
rated capacity
(of a stacker truck) maximum load in kilograms given by the manufacturer, based on component strength and truck stability, that the truck can carry, lift and stack to a standard lift height, at a standard load centre in normal position
Note 1: Where a truck does not lift to the standard lift height, H, it is given a rated capacity at its maximum lift height. For determination, see Annex B.
Note 2: The rated capacity is used to compare the capacity of different manufacturers' trucks and to provide the break points used in technical standards and statistics. It gives the load that the truck type is capable of transporting or lifting under the above conditions. The safe operating limits for the truck are defined by its actual capacity (see ISO 3691-1).
3.7
normal operating position
position in which the operator shall be able to control all functions for load handling as defined by the manufacturer
3.8
normal operation
intended use for which the truck is designed, according to the manufacturer's specification and defined in the instruction handbook
4 List of Significant Hazards
This list contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they deal with this part, identified by risk assessment of industrial trucks and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
Table 1 List of Significant Hazards
No. Type or group/origin Potential consequences Corresponding requirement
1 Mechanical hazards
-Acceleration, deceleration (kinetic energy)
- Machinery mobility
- Moving elements
- Rotating elements -Being run over
-Being thrown
- Crushing
-Drawing-in or trapping
- Impact 5.2 Propelling, steering
5.3.1 Load-handling controls - General
5.3.2 Control with a device on the tiller
5.3.3 Control with a device not located on the
tiller
5.4.3.1 Limitation of stroke
5.4.3.6 Failure of energy supply of hydraulic circuit
5.4.6.1 Disengagement of the attachment
5.5 Parking brake
5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
- Angular parts
- Approach of a moving element to a fixed part
- Crushing parts
- Sharp edges - Crushing
- Cutting or severing
- Drawing-in or trapping
- Entanglement
- Shearing
- Stabbing or puncture 5.2 Propelling, steering
5.8 Protection against crushing, shearing and entanglement points
5.9 Edges and angles
5.10 Protective devices
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
-Falling objects -Crushing
-Impact 5.4.1 Chain system
5.4.2 Wire rope system
5.4.3.1 Limitation of stroke
5.4.3.2 Natural descent
5.4.3.4 Hydraulic circuit
5.4.3.5 Lowering speed limitation
5.4.4 Fork arms and platforms - Stacker trucks only
5.4.5 Fork carriers - Stacker trucks only
5.4.6 Load handling attachments - Stacker trucks only
5.6 Stability
5.7 Lateral stabilizers
5.10.4 Pallet handling
5.12 Lifting points
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
-High pressure -Injection 5.4.3.3 Pressure relief valves
5.4.3.4 Hydraulic circuit
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
-Stability -Being thrown
-Crushing
-Impact 5.6 Stability
5.7 Lateral stabilizers
5.12 Lifting points
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
2 Electrical hazards
-Arc
- Electromagnetic phenomena
- Electrostatic phenomena
-Live parts
- Not enough distance from live parts under high voltage
- Overload
- Parts which have become live under fault conditions
- Short-circuit
- Thermal radiation - Burn
- Chemical effects
- Electrocution
- Falling, being thrown
- Fire
-Projection of molten particles
-Shock 5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
3 Thermal hazards
- Explosion
- Flame
-Radiation from heat sources - Burn
-Dehydration
-Discomfort
-Injuries by the radiation of heat sources
- Scald 5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or
measures
7 Information for use
4 Noise hazards
No origin of this kind of hazard in industrial trucks covered by these specifications
5 Vibration hazards
No origin of this kind of hazard in industrial trucks covered by these specifications
6 Radiation hazards
No origin of this kind of hazard in industrial trucks covered by these specifications
7 Material/substance hazards
- Combustible
- Explosive
- Flammable
-Fluid
- Fume
-Gas -Breathing difficulties, suffocation
-Cancer
-Corrosion
-Effects on reproductive capability
-Explosion
- Fire
-Infection
-Mutation
- Poisoning
- Sensitization 5.4.3.4
5.10.2
5.11.2
6
7 Hydraulic circuit
Glass guards or screens
Electrical systems and equipment
Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
Information for use
8 Ergonomic hazards
- Access
- Design or location of indicators and visual display units
- Design, location or identification of control devices
-Effort
- Local lighting
- Mental overload/underload
- Posture
- Repetitive activity
- Visibility -Discomfort
-Fatigue
-Musculoskeletal disorder
-Stress
-Any other (e.g. mechanical, electrical) as a consequence of human error 5.2 Propelling, steering
5.3 Load-handling controls
5.11.1 Lifting
5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures
7 Information for use
9 Hazards associated with environment in which the machine is used
-Dust and fog
-Electromagnetic disturbance
-Lightning
-Moisture
-Temperature
-Water
-Lack of oxygen - Burn
- Slight disease
- Slipping, falling
- Suffocation
- Any other as a consequence of the effect caused by the sources of the hazards on the machine or parts of the machine 7 Information for use
10 Combination of hazards
E.g. repetitive activity + effort + high environmental temperature E.g. dehydration, loss of awareness, heat stroke 7 Information for use
5 Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
5.1 General
Trucks shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In addition, the truck shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
5.2 Propelling, steering
5.2.1 Push/pull handles
Push/pull handle(s), either vertical or horizontal, and/or a tiller shall be provided to allow the operator to push, pull and steer the truck and, where applicable, lift the load. The force shall be measured and be within the limits defined in Annex A.
5.2.2 Tiller
The tiller shall be provided with a handle of the closed loop type or otherwise designed to ensure lateral protection of the operator's hands.
The hand grips shall be of an enclosed cross-section or a similar structure with an outside diameter of 25 mm~35 mm and provide a minimum span of 120 mm for each hand.
The height of the tiller handle (dimension a) shall conform to the dimensions shown in Figures 1 to 7.
When pulling, the horizontal distance between the end of the tiller and the front of the wheel (dimension b in Figures 3, 5, and 7) shall be more than 500 mm, the handle axis being positioned within 700 mm to 1 000 mm height.
The tiller shall automatically return to the upper rest position when released.
Contents of GB/T 10827.5-2013
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 List of Significant Hazards
5 Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
6 Verification of Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
7 Information for Use
Annex A (Normative) Method for Measurement of Forces, F
Annex B (Normative) Rated Capacity
Bibliography
