Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 14541-2005 Guide for maintenance and supervision of in-service mineral turbine oil used for power plants, and has the following main technical changes, in addition to editorial changes, made with respect to GB/T 14541-2005:
——The name and scope of the standard are modified, and steam turbine oil is changed to turbine oil;
——The standards referred in the "Normative references" are modified;
——The contents in regard to "factors affecting service life of turbine oil and severity of turbine oil" in the text are moved to the annex;
——The properties of turbine oil are added;
——The quality index of rotating bomb oxidation test (RBOT) during the acceptance of new oil is modified;
——The items that shall be tested during the acceptance of new oil are added;
——The quality index and inspection cycle of in-service oil are modified;
——The requirements for oil replenishment are modified;
——The requirements for oil change are added;
——The contents in regard to oil treatment and additives in the maintenance of in-service turbine oil are modified;
——Annex C "Determination of oxidation stability of lubricating oils by RBOT method" is deleted.
This standard was proposed by the China Electricity Council (CEC).
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Electrochemistry of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 322).
The previous editions of the standard replaced by this standard are as follows:
——GB/T 14541-1993, GB/T 14541-2005.
Guide for maintenance and supervision of in-service mineral turbine oil used for power plants
1 Scope
This standard specifies the maintenance and supervision of mineral turbine oil used for lubrication and speed regulation of turbine, water turbine and gas turbine systems in power plants. It may also be referred to for maintenance and supervision of mineral turbine oil used for auxiliary equipment such as phase modifier and feed pump.
This standard is applicable to the maintenance and supervision of mineral turbine oil used for lubrication and speed regulation of turbine, water turbine and gas turbine systems in power plants.
This standard is not applicable to a variety of non-mineral synthetic fluids used for lubrication and speed regulation of turbine.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 264 Petroleum products—Determination of acid number
GB/T 265 Petroleum products—Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity
GB/T 267 Petroleum products—Determination of flash and fire points—Open cup
GB/T 3536 Petroleum products—Determination of flash and fire points—Cleveland open cup method
GB/T 7596 Quality criteria of turbine oils in service for power plants
GB/T 7597 Method of sampling for transformer and turbine oils in electric power industry
GB/T 7600 Determination of water content in transformer oils in service by coulometric method
GB/T 7602.1 Determination of T501 oxidation inhibitor content in transformer oil or turbine oil—Part 1: Spectrophotometric method
GB/T 7605 Determination of clemulsibility characteristics of turbine oils in service
GB/T 8926 Standard test method for insolubles in used lubricating oils
GB 11120 Lubricating oils for turbines
GB/T 11143 Standard test method for rust-preventing characteristics of inhibited mineral oil in the presence of water
GB/T 12579 Determination of foaming characteristics of lubricating oils
DL/T 429.1 Determination of transparency of electric power oils
DL/T 429.6 Determination of open cup ageing of power oils
DL/T 429.7 Determination of sludge for electric power oils
DL/T 432 Determination of particulate contamination in oil
SH/T 0168 Petroleum products—Determination of chromaticity
SH/T 0193 Lubricating oils—Determination of oxidation stability—Rotating pressure vessel method
SH/T 0308 Determination method for air release value of lubricating oil
SAE AS4059F Aerospace fluid power—Contamination classification for hydraulic fluid
ASTM D6971 Standard test method for measurement of hindered phenolic and aromatic amine antioxidant content in non-zinc turbine oils by linear sweep voltammetry
3 Properties of turbine oil
3.1 Most turbine oils are made of highly refined paraffin-based mineral oil compounded with antioxidants and rust inhibitors. Depending upon their quality grade, small amounts of other additives, such as metal deactivators, extreme pressure additives and defoamers, may also be present. The primary function of turbine oil is to lubricate and cool bearings and gears. In some equipment, turbine oil can also function as governor hydraulic oil.
3.2 New turbine oils shall have good oxidation resistance, provide adequate anti-rust, anti-emulsification and anti-foaming properties, and inhibit the formation of sludge and paint film deposit. Factors affecting the service life of turbine oil are: type and design of system, pre-operational conditions of oil system, quality of original oil, operating conditions of system, contamination of oils, oil replenishment rate, and treatment and storage conditions of oils (see Annex A). For a given turbine, the combination of all of the above factors determines its severity. The higher the severity of the turbine system, the shorter the service life of a given oil. See Annex B for an effective method to determine the severity of a turbine.
4 Sampling
4.1 Setting and selection of sampling points
4.1.1 Sampling points shall be set at the outlet of oil cooler, at the bottom of oil tank, in front of the oil system filter, behind the filter, and on the oil return main pipe.
4.1.2 In addition to the oil drain port, special sampling points shall be set separately at the bottom of the tank.
4.1.3 The sampling points shall support repetitive and representative sampling, and the measurement result is related to the sampling location.
4.2 Sampling container
4.2.1 The sampling container for routine test should be a 500 mL to 1 000 mL ground glass stoppered bottle, which is prepared in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 7597.
4.2.2 The sampling container for particulate contamination level test shall be a 250 mL special sampling bottle, which is prepared in accordance with the requirements of DL/T 432.
4.2.3 Non-glass containers shall be made of oil-resistant materials (including liners, cap liners made of aluminum foil).
4.3 Sampling of new oil on delivery
4.3.1 If the new oil is delivered in barrels, the number and method of sampling shall be in accordance with GB/T 7597. Samples shall be taken from the bottom that may be the most polluted, and the upper oil sample may be taken when necessary. If it is suspected that most of the barreled oil is not uniform, the oil shall be sampled one by one, and the brand and mark of each barrel shall be checked. In addition, each barrel of oil shall be visually inspected.
4.3.2 If the new oil is delivered by a tanker, samples shall be taken from the lower valve. Before sampling, wipe up the valve conduit first. If necessary, oil samples shall also be taken from the upper and middle parts.
4.3.3 If delivered by shipment, samples shall be taken with an external flexible pipe or from the lower part of the cabin, or may be taken from the special ship tank.
4.3.4 Before sampling with an external flexible pipe or from the valve conduit at the bottom of the tank, these pipes shall be flushed with oil, and a certain flow rate shall be maintained during sampling.
4.3.5 During the acceptance of new oil, generally more than two portions of sample shall be taken. In addition to the amount required for the test, more than one portion of sample shall be kept for review or arbitration.
4.3.6 Samples used for particulate contamination level test shall not be mixed and individual oil samples shall be tested separately.
4.4 Sampling of in-service oil
4.4.1 The in-service oil used for supervision test shall be taken from the outlet of the oil cooler. When inspecting the oil for impurities and moisture, samples shall be taken from the bottom of the tank; when the system is flushed, sampling point shall be added on the pipes.
4.4.2 When sampling from the oil return main pipe, the oil in the pipe shall be free to flow without dead angle. Prior to sampling, the sampling port shall be flushed with oil. The amount of oil used for flushing depends on the length and diameter of the sampling pipe and shall not be less than twice the volume of the sampling pipe. The flushing oil shall be collected into a waste oil barrel for disposal uniformly.
4.4.3 If any abnormality is found in the samples taken, samples shall be taken again from different sampling locations to track the source of contaminants or to find other causes. Samples are not representative in the following cases:
a) The sample taken has a large difference in temperature from the oil in the system;
b) The color of the oil is inconsistent or greatly different from that of the oil sample taken;
c) The sample taken from the storage tank has a large difference in viscosity at the same temperature.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Properties of turbine oil
4 Sampling
5 Acceptance of new oil
6 Quality standard of in-service oil
7 Supervision of turbine oil in service
8 Oil compatibility (mixed oil)
9 Oil change
10 Maintenance of turbine oil in service
11 Technical management and safety requirements
Annex A (Informative) Operating factors affecting service life of turbine oil
Annex B (Informative) Determination and calculation method of turbine severity
Annex C (Normative) SAE AS4059F particulate contamination classification standard
Annex D (Informative) Technical flushing measures for oil system
Annex E (Informative) Properties and quality standards of materials used for turbine oil maintenance
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 14541-2005 Guide for maintenance and supervision of in-service mineral turbine oil used for power plants, and has the following main technical changes, in addition to editorial changes, made with respect to GB/T 14541-2005:
——The name and scope of the standard are modified, and steam turbine oil is changed to turbine oil;
——The standards referred in the "Normative references" are modified;
——The contents in regard to "factors affecting service life of turbine oil and severity of turbine oil" in the text are moved to the annex;
——The properties of turbine oil are added;
——The quality index of rotating bomb oxidation test (RBOT) during the acceptance of new oil is modified;
——The items that shall be tested during the acceptance of new oil are added;
——The quality index and inspection cycle of in-service oil are modified;
——The requirements for oil replenishment are modified;
——The requirements for oil change are added;
——The contents in regard to oil treatment and additives in the maintenance of in-service turbine oil are modified;
——Annex C "Determination of oxidation stability of lubricating oils by RBOT method" is deleted.
This standard was proposed by the China Electricity Council (CEC).
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Electrochemistry of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 322).
The previous editions of the standard replaced by this standard are as follows:
——GB/T 14541-1993, GB/T 14541-2005.
Guide for maintenance and supervision of in-service mineral turbine oil used for power plants
1 Scope
This standard specifies the maintenance and supervision of mineral turbine oil used for lubrication and speed regulation of turbine, water turbine and gas turbine systems in power plants. It may also be referred to for maintenance and supervision of mineral turbine oil used for auxiliary equipment such as phase modifier and feed pump.
This standard is applicable to the maintenance and supervision of mineral turbine oil used for lubrication and speed regulation of turbine, water turbine and gas turbine systems in power plants.
This standard is not applicable to a variety of non-mineral synthetic fluids used for lubrication and speed regulation of turbine.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 264 Petroleum products—Determination of acid number
GB/T 265 Petroleum products—Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity
GB/T 267 Petroleum products—Determination of flash and fire points—Open cup
GB/T 3536 Petroleum products—Determination of flash and fire points—Cleveland open cup method
GB/T 7596 Quality criteria of turbine oils in service for power plants
GB/T 7597 Method of sampling for transformer and turbine oils in electric power industry
GB/T 7600 Determination of water content in transformer oils in service by coulometric method
GB/T 7602.1 Determination of T501 oxidation inhibitor content in transformer oil or turbine oil—Part 1: Spectrophotometric method
GB/T 7605 Determination of clemulsibility characteristics of turbine oils in service
GB/T 8926 Standard test method for insolubles in used lubricating oils
GB 11120 Lubricating oils for turbines
GB/T 11143 Standard test method for rust-preventing characteristics of inhibited mineral oil in the presence of water
GB/T 12579 Determination of foaming characteristics of lubricating oils
DL/T 429.1 Determination of transparency of electric power oils
DL/T 429.6 Determination of open cup ageing of power oils
DL/T 429.7 Determination of sludge for electric power oils
DL/T 432 Determination of particulate contamination in oil
SH/T 0168 Petroleum products—Determination of chromaticity
SH/T 0193 Lubricating oils—Determination of oxidation stability—Rotating pressure vessel method
SH/T 0308 Determination method for air release value of lubricating oil
SAE AS4059F Aerospace fluid power—Contamination classification for hydraulic fluid
ASTM D6971 Standard test method for measurement of hindered phenolic and aromatic amine antioxidant content in non-zinc turbine oils by linear sweep voltammetry
3 Properties of turbine oil
3.1 Most turbine oils are made of highly refined paraffin-based mineral oil compounded with antioxidants and rust inhibitors. Depending upon their quality grade, small amounts of other additives, such as metal deactivators, extreme pressure additives and defoamers, may also be present. The primary function of turbine oil is to lubricate and cool bearings and gears. In some equipment, turbine oil can also function as governor hydraulic oil.
3.2 New turbine oils shall have good oxidation resistance, provide adequate anti-rust, anti-emulsification and anti-foaming properties, and inhibit the formation of sludge and paint film deposit. Factors affecting the service life of turbine oil are: type and design of system, pre-operational conditions of oil system, quality of original oil, operating conditions of system, contamination of oils, oil replenishment rate, and treatment and storage conditions of oils (see Annex A). For a given turbine, the combination of all of the above factors determines its severity. The higher the severity of the turbine system, the shorter the service life of a given oil. See Annex B for an effective method to determine the severity of a turbine.
4 Sampling
4.1 Setting and selection of sampling points
4.1.1 Sampling points shall be set at the outlet of oil cooler, at the bottom of oil tank, in front of the oil system filter, behind the filter, and on the oil return main pipe.
4.1.2 In addition to the oil drain port, special sampling points shall be set separately at the bottom of the tank.
4.1.3 The sampling points shall support repetitive and representative sampling, and the measurement result is related to the sampling location.
4.2 Sampling container
4.2.1 The sampling container for routine test should be a 500 mL to 1 000 mL ground glass stoppered bottle, which is prepared in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 7597.
4.2.2 The sampling container for particulate contamination level test shall be a 250 mL special sampling bottle, which is prepared in accordance with the requirements of DL/T 432.
4.2.3 Non-glass containers shall be made of oil-resistant materials (including liners, cap liners made of aluminum foil).
4.3 Sampling of new oil on delivery
4.3.1 If the new oil is delivered in barrels, the number and method of sampling shall be in accordance with GB/T 7597. Samples shall be taken from the bottom that may be the most polluted, and the upper oil sample may be taken when necessary. If it is suspected that most of the barreled oil is not uniform, the oil shall be sampled one by one, and the brand and mark of each barrel shall be checked. In addition, each barrel of oil shall be visually inspected.
4.3.2 If the new oil is delivered by a tanker, samples shall be taken from the lower valve. Before sampling, wipe up the valve conduit first. If necessary, oil samples shall also be taken from the upper and middle parts.
4.3.3 If delivered by shipment, samples shall be taken with an external flexible pipe or from the lower part of the cabin, or may be taken from the special ship tank.
4.3.4 Before sampling with an external flexible pipe or from the valve conduit at the bottom of the tank, these pipes shall be flushed with oil, and a certain flow rate shall be maintained during sampling.
4.3.5 During the acceptance of new oil, generally more than two portions of sample shall be taken. In addition to the amount required for the test, more than one portion of sample shall be kept for review or arbitration.
4.3.6 Samples used for particulate contamination level test shall not be mixed and individual oil samples shall be tested separately.
4.4 Sampling of in-service oil
4.4.1 The in-service oil used for supervision test shall be taken from the outlet of the oil cooler. When inspecting the oil for impurities and moisture, samples shall be taken from the bottom of the tank; when the system is flushed, sampling point shall be added on the pipes.
4.4.2 When sampling from the oil return main pipe, the oil in the pipe shall be free to flow without dead angle. Prior to sampling, the sampling port shall be flushed with oil. The amount of oil used for flushing depends on the length and diameter of the sampling pipe and shall not be less than twice the volume of the sampling pipe. The flushing oil shall be collected into a waste oil barrel for disposal uniformly.
4.4.3 If any abnormality is found in the samples taken, samples shall be taken again from different sampling locations to track the source of contaminants or to find other causes. Samples are not representative in the following cases:
a) The sample taken has a large difference in temperature from the oil in the system;
b) The color of the oil is inconsistent or greatly different from that of the oil sample taken;
c) The sample taken from the storage tank has a large difference in viscosity at the same temperature.
Contents of GB/T 14541-2017
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Properties of turbine oil
4 Sampling
5 Acceptance of new oil
6 Quality standard of in-service oil
7 Supervision of turbine oil in service
8 Oil compatibility (mixed oil)
9 Oil change
10 Maintenance of turbine oil in service
11 Technical management and safety requirements
Annex A (Informative) Operating factors affecting service life of turbine oil
Annex B (Informative) Determination and calculation method of turbine severity
Annex C (Normative) SAE AS4059F particulate contamination classification standard
Annex D (Informative) Technical flushing measures for oil system
Annex E (Informative) Properties and quality standards of materials used for turbine oil maintenance
