Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in the GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 14848-1993 Quality Standard for Ground Water. In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 14848-1993 (the previous edition):
— addition of 54 indices of water quality, and the total number of indices is increased from 39 in GB/T 14848-1993 to 93;
— according to GB 5749-2006 Standards for Drinking Water Quality, the groundwater quality indices are divided into regular indices and non-regular indices;
— addition of the number of sensory traits and general chemical indices from 17 to 20, and addition of the indices of aluminum, sulfide and sodium; replacement of the permanganate index with oxygen consumption. The indices of total hardness, iron, manganese and ammonia nitrogen are revised;
— addition of the number of inorganic compound indices in the toxicology indices from 16 to 20, and addition of the indices of boron, antimony, silver and thallium. The indices of nitrite, iodide, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, plumbum, beryllium, barium, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum are revised;
— addition of the number of organic compound indices in the toxicology indices from 2 to 49, and addition of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, tribromomethane, vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene , chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene (total), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrobenzene Toluene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, polychlorinated biphenyl (total), gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane), hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, atrazine, pentachlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, carbofuran, aldicarb, DDVP, methyl parathion, Malathion, dimethoate, chlorothalonil, 2,4-D, chlorpyrifos and glyphosate; DDT and BHC are replaced by DDT (total) and BHC (total), respectively, and have been revised;
— modification of the total alpha radioactivity in the radioactive indices;
— modification of the relevant requirements of the comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee 93 on Land Resource of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 93).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
— GB/T 14848-1993.
Introduction
With the acceleration of China's industrialization and the application of synthetic compounds, and various chemical components in groundwater are changing. The analytical technology has been continuously improved, and in order to meet the needs of investigation and evaluation, and to further coordinate with the upgraded GB 5749-2006 to promote exchange, a revision of GB/T 14848-1993 is necessary.
GB/T 14848-1993 is based on the background of groundwater formation and is adapted to the requirements for evaluation at that time. The new standard has been revised in conjunction with the upgraded GB 5749-2006, the research results of groundwater in the past 20 years by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the latest international research results. The number of indices has increased from 39 in GB/T 14848-1993 to 93, the 54 indices have been added; 20 index classification limits have been adjusted, and 19 index classification limits have been directly adopted. The comprehensive evaluation rules are reduced to make the standard more widely applicable.
Standard for Groundwater Quality
1 Scope
This standard specifies the quality classification, indices and limits, quality investigation and monitoring, quality evaluation of groundwater.
This standard is applicable to the quality investigation, monitoring, evaluation and management of groundwater.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 5749-2006 Standards for Drinking Water Quality
GB/T 27025-2008 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
groundwater quality
general term for the physical, chemical, and biological properties of groundwater
3.2
regular indices
indices that reflect the basic conditions of groundwater quality, including sensory characteristics, general chemical indices, microbial indices, common toxicological indices and radioactive indices
3.3
non-regular indices
extension of regular indices of groundwater quanlity, which are determined according to regional and time differences or special circumstances, reflect the major quality problems in groundwater, including relatively rare inorganic and organic toxicology indices
3.4
human health risk
the probability that various components in groundwater will cause harm to human health
4 Classification and Indices of Groundwater Quality
4.1 Classification of groundwater quality
Base on the groundwater quality and human health risk in China, it is divided into five classes according to the water quality requirements of drinking water, industrial, agricultural and other water, and the content of each component (except pH).
Class I: Groundwater has a low content of chemical components and is suitable for various purposes;
Class II: Groundwater has a relatively low content of chemical components and is suitable for various purposes;
Class III: Groundwater has a medium content of chemical components. Based on requirements of GB 5749-2006, it is mainly applicable to centralized drinking water sources and industrial and agricultural water;
Class IV: Groundwater has a high content of chemical components. Based on the requirements of agricultural and industrial water quality and the certain level of human health risk, it is applicable to agricultural water and some industrial water, and suitable for drinking water after proper treatment;
Class V: Groundwater should not be used as a drinking water source due to its high content of chemical components. Other purpose of water can be selected according to the purpose of use.
4.2 Indices for classification of groundwater quality
The indices for classification of groundwater quality are divided into regular indices and non-regular indices. The classification and limits are shown in Tables 1 and 2 respectively.
Table 1 Regular Indices and Limits of Groundwater Quality
No. Index Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V
Sensory properties and general chemical indices
1 Color (platinum-cobalt chromaticity unit) ≤5 ≤5 ≤15 ≤25 >25
2 Odor and taste No No No No Yes
3 Turbidity (NTUa) ≤3 ≤3 ≤3 ≤10 >10
4 Visible substance by naked eye No No No No Yes
5 pH 6.5≤pH≤8.5 5.5≤pH<6.5
8.5
9.0
6 Total hardness (represented as CaCO3) (mg/L) ≤150 ≤300 ≤450 ≤650 >650
7 Total dissolved solids (mg/L) ≤300 ≤500 ≤1000 ≤2000 >2000
8 Sulfate (mg/L) ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350
9 Chloride (mg/L) ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350
10 Ferrum (mg/L) ≤0.1 ≤ 0.2 ≤0.3 ≤2.0 >2.0
11 Manganese (mg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 ≤1.50 >1.50
12 Copper (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤1.00 ≤1.50 >1.50
13 Zinc (mg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.5 ≤1.00 ≤5.00 >5.00
14 Aluminum (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.20 ≤0.50 >0.50
15 Volatile phenols (in phenol) (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 >0.01
16 Anionic surfactant (mg/L) Not be detected ≤0.1 ≤0.3 ≤0.3 >0.3
17 Oxygen consumption (CODMn method, in O2) (mg/L) ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤3.0 ≤10.0 >10.0
18 Ammonia nitrogen (in N) (mg/L) ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤1.50 >1.50
19 Sulfide (mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 >0.10
20 Sodium (mg/L) ≤100 ≤150 ≤200 ≤400 >400
Microbiological indices
21 Total coliforms (MPNb/100 mL or CFUc/100 mL) ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤100 >100
22 Total number of colonies (CFU/mL) ≤100 ≤100 ≤100 ≤1000 >1000
Toxicological indices
23 Nitrites (in N) (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤4.80 >4.80
24 Nitrates (in N) (mg/L) ≤2.0 ≤ 5.0 ≤20.0 ≤30.0 >30.0
25 Cyanides (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1
26 Fluorides (mg/L) ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 >2.0
27 Iodides (mg/L) ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.08 ≤0.50 >0.50
28 Mercury (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 >0.002
29 Arsenic (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 >0.05
30 Selenium (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.1 >0.1
31 Cadmium (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 >0.01
32 Chromium (hexavalent) (mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
33 Plumbum (mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.10 >0.10
34 Trichloromethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤ 6 ≤60 ≤300 >300
35 Carbon tetrachloride (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤2.0 ≤50.0 >50.0
36 Benzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤10.0 ≤120 >120
37 Toluene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤140 ≤700 ≤1400 >1400
Radioactive indices d
38 Total alpha radioactivity (Bq/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.1 ≤0.5 >0.5 >0.5
39 Total beta radioactivity (Bq/L) ≤0.1 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 >1.0 >1.0
a NTU is the unit of scattering turbidity.
b MPN represents the most probable number.
c CFU represents a colony forming unit.
d Radionuclide analysis and evaluation shall be carried out if the radioactivity index exceeds the guideline value.
Table 2 Non-regular Indices and Limits of Groundwater Quality
No. Index Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V
Toxicological indices
1 Beryllium (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.002 ≤0.06 >0.06
2 Boron (mg/L) ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤2.00 >2.00
3 Antimony (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤ 0.0005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 >0.01
4 Barium (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤0.70 ≤4.00 >4.00
5 Nickel (mg/L) ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 >0.10
6 Cobalt (mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
7 Molybdenum (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.07 ≤0.15 >0.15
8 Silver (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
9 Thallium (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 >0.001
10 Dichloromethane (μg/L) ≤1 ≤2 ≤20 ≤500 >500
11 1,2-Dichloroethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤3.0 ≤30.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
12 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤400 ≤2000 ≤4000 >4000
13 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤ 0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
14 1,2-Dichloropropane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
15 Tribromomethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤10.0 ≤100 ≤800 >800
16 Vinyl chloride (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤90.0 >90.0
17 1, 1-Dichloroethylene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤3.0 ≤30.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
18 1, 2-Dichloroethylene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤50.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
19 Trichloroethylene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤7.0 ≤70.0 ≤210 >210
20 Tetrachloroethylene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤4.0 ≤40.0 ≤300 >300
21 Chlorobenzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤60.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
22 O-dichlorobenzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤200 ≤1000 ≤2000 >2000
23 P-dichlorobenzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤ 30.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
24 Trichlorobenzene (total) (μg/L)a ≤0.5 ≤4.0 ≤20.0 ≤180 >180
25 Ethylbenzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤30.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
26 Xylene (total) (μg/L)b ≤0.5 ≤100 ≤500 ≤1000 >1000
27 Styrene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤2.0 ≤20.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
28 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
29 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤30.0 >30.0
30 Naphthalene (μg/L) ≤1 ≤10 ≤100 ≤600 >600
31 Anthracene (μg/L) ≤1 ≤360 ≤1800 ≤3600 >3600
32 Fluoranthene (μg/L) ≤1 ≤50 ≤240 ≤480 >480
33 Benzo(b)fluoranthene (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤ 0.4 ≤4.0 ≤8.0 >8.0
34 Benzo(a)pyrenea (μg/L) ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 ≤0.50 >0.50
35 Polychlorinated biphenyls (total) (μg/L)c ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.50 ≤10.0 >10.0
36 Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (μg/L) ≤3 ≤3 ≤8.0 ≤300 >300
37 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤20.0 ≤200 ≤300 >300
38 Pentachlorophenol (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.90 ≤9.0 ≤18.0 >18.0
39 HCH (total) (μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.50 ≤5.00 ≤300 >300
40 γ-HCH (Lindan) (μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.20 ≤2.00 ≤150 >150
41 DDT (total) (μg/L)e ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
42 Hexachlorobenzene (μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
43 Heptachlor (μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤ 0.04 ≤0.40 ≤0.80 >0.80
44 2,4-D (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤6.0 ≤30.0 ≤150 >150
45 Carbofuran (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤1.40 ≤7.00 ≤14.0 >14.0
46 Aldicarb (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.60 ≤3.00 ≤30.0 >30.0
47 DDVP (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
48 Methyl parathion (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤4.00 ≤20.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
49 Malathion (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤25.0 ≤250 ≤500 >500
50 Dimethoate (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤16.0 ≤80.0 ≤160 >160
51 Chlorpyrifos (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤6.00 ≤30.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
52 Chlorothalonil (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤1.00 ≤10.0 ≤150 >150
53 Atrazine (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤ 0.40 ≤2.00 ≤600 >600
54 Glyphosate (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤140 ≤700 ≤1400 >1400
a Dichlorobenzene (total) is the sum of three isomers of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene.
b Xylene (total) is the addition of three isomers of o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene.
c Polychlorinated biphenyls (total) is the sum of 9 kinds of PCBs: PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153, PCB180, PCB194 and PCB206.
d HCH (total) is the sum of four isomers of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH.
e DDT (total) is the sum of four isomers of o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDT.
5 Investigation and Monitoring of Groundwater Quality
5.1 Groundwater quality shall be monitored regularly. The frequency of diving monitoring shall be no less than twice a year (one time in the wet season and the dry season). The monitoring frequency of pressurized water can be determined according to the quality change, and should be once a year.
5.2 According to the dynamic changes of groundwater quality, regional groundwater quality investigation and evaluation shall be carried out regularly.
5.3 Groundwater quality investigation and monitoring indices are based on regular indices. In order to facilitate the review of hydrochemical analysis results, indices of potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, carbonate and free carbon dioxide shall be added. In different regions, according to local conditions, non-regular indices can be selected for investigation and monitoring on the basis of regular indices.
