Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
GB/T 24610 covers the following four parts under the general title Rolling Bearings - Measuring Methods for Vibration:
——Part 1: Fundamentals;
——Part 2: Radial Ball Bearings with Cylindrical Bore and Outside Surface;
——Part 3: Radial Spherical and Tapered Roller Bearings with Cylindrical Bore and Outside Surface;
——Part 4: Radial Cylindrical Roller Bearings with Cylindrical Bore and Outside Surface.
This part is Part 1 of GB/T 24610.
This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 24610.1-2009 Rolling Bearings - Measuring Methods for Vibration - Part 1: Fundamentals, and the following main technical changes are made made with respect to GB/T 24610.1-2009:
——The terms "stiffness", "displacement", "velocity", "acceleration", "passband", "exponential average effective velocity" and their definitions are deleted (see 3.2, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.11, 3.14 of Edition 2009);
——The definition of "vibration" and "sensor" and the abbreviated form of "root mean square" are modified (see 3.2, 3.3, 3.7; 3.3, 3.4, 3.13 of Edition 2009);
——The terms "sharp pulse" and "pulse" and their definitions are added (see 3.9, 3.10);
——Some requirements of the measurement procedure are modified (see 5.2, 5.5; 5.2, 5.5 of Edition 2009);
——Some requirements of measurement and evaluation methods are modified (see 6.2, 6.3, 6.5; 6.2, 6.3, 6.5 of Edition 2009);
——Some figures are modified (see Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6; Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4 of Edition 2009);
——The measurement conditions of bearings are modified (see 7.1; 7.1 of Edition 2009);
——Some requirements for test device conditions are modified (see 7.3; 7.3 of Edition 2009);
——“Requirements for operators” are deleted (7.4 of Edition 2009);
——The system performance evaluation requirements are modified (see 8.3; 8.3 of Edition 2009);
——Informative appendix B “correlation of displacement, velocity and acceleration amplitude" and informative appendix C "measurement of mandrel radial runout and axial runout” are added.
This part is identical with International Standard ISO 15242-1:2015 Rolling Bearings - Measuring Methods for Vibration - Part 1: Fundamentals.
The Chinese documents identical to the normative international documents given in this part are as follows:
——GB/T 1800.2-2009, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Limits and Fits - Part 2: Tables of Standard Tolerance Grades and Limit Deviations for Holes and Shafts (ISO 286-2:1988, MOD)
——GB/T 2298-2010, Mechanical Vibration, Shock and Condition Monitoring - Vocabulary (ISO 2041:2009, IDT);
——GB/T 6930-2002, Rolling Bearings - Vocabulary (ISO 5593:1997, IDT)
This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Rolling Bearing of Standardization Administration of China (SAT/TC 98).
The previous editions of this part are as follows:
——GB/T 24610.1-2009.
Introduction
Vibration in rotating rolling bearings can be of importance as an operating characteristic of such bearings. The vibration can affect the performance of the mechanical system incorporating the bearing and can result in audible noise when the vibration is transmitted to the environment in which the mechanical system operates, can lead to damages, and can even create health problems.
Vibration of rotating rolling bearings is a complex physical phenomenon dependent on the conditions of operation. Measuring the vibration of an individual bearing under a certain set of conditions does not necessarily characterize the vibration under a different set of conditions or when the bearing becomes part of a larger assembly. Assessment of the audible sound generated by the mechanical system incorporating the bearing is further complicated by the influence of the interface conditions, the location and orientation of the sensing device, and the acoustical environment in which the system operates. Assessment of airborne noise, which for the purpose of GB/T 24610 (all parts) can be defined as any disagreeable and undesired sound, is further complicated by the subjective nature of the terms disagreeable and undesired. Structure-borne vibration can be considered the driving mechanism that ultimately results in the generation of airborne noise. Only selected methods for the measurement of the structure-borne vibration of rotating rolling bearings are addressed in GB/T 24610 (all parts).
This part serves to define and specify the physical quantities measured and the general measurement conditions and environment utilized in the measurement of vibration generated by rolling bearings on a measuring device. Based on this part, parties to the acceptance inspection of rolling bearings may, by agreement, establish acceptance criteria with which to control bearing vibration.
Vibration of rotating rolling bearings can be assessed by a number of means using various types of transducers and measurement conditions. No simple set of values characterizing the vibration of a bearing is adequate for the evaluation of the vibratory performance in all possible applications. Ultimately, a knowledge of the type of bearing, its application and the purpose of the vibration measuring (e.g. as a manufacturing process diagnostic or an assessment of product quality) is required to select the most suitable method for measuring. The field of application for standards on bearing vibration is therefore not universal. However, certain methods have established a wide enough level of application to be considered as standard methods.
This part serves to define the general principles involved in vibration measurement. It is intended that further parts of GB/T 24610 will specify, in more detail, the methods for assessing vibration of different types of bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface.
Rolling Bearings - Measuring Methods for Vibration - Part 1: Fundamentals
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 24610 specifies measuring methods for vibration of rotating rolling bearings under established measuring conditions, together with calibration of the related measuring systems.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 286-2 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - ISO Code System for Tolerances on Linear Sizes - Part 2: Tables of Standard Tolerance Classes and Limit Deviations for Holes and Shafts
ISO 2041:2009 Mechanical Vibration, Shock and Condition Monitoring - Vocabulary
ISO 5593 Rolling Bearings - Vocabulary
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041, ISO 5593 and the following apply.
3.1
error motion
undesired radial or axial (translational) motion or tilt (angular) motion of an axis of rotation, excluding motions due to changes of temperature or externally applied load
3.2
vibration
mechanical oscillations about an equilibrium point
Note: The oscillations may be periodic or random.
[SOURCE: ISO 2041:2009, 2.1, modified]
3.3
transducer
device designed to convert energy from one form to another in such a manner that the desired characteristics of the input energy appear at the output
Note 1: The output is usually electrical.
Note 2: The use of the term “pick-up” is deprecated.
Note 3: Examples of types of transducers used in vibration measurement are the following:
a) piezoelectric accelerometer;
b) piezoresistive accelerometer;
c) strain-gauge type accelerometer;
d) variable-resistance transducer;
e) electrostatic (capacitor/condenser) transducer;
f) bonded-wire (foil) strain-gauge;
g) variable-reluctance transducer;
h) magnetostriction transducer;
i) moving-conductor transducer;
j) moving-coil transducer;
k) induction transducer;
l) laser vibrometer.
Note 4: Other types of transducers such as dynamic force transducers may be used, provided their signal can be converted to displacement, velocity or acceleration.
[SOURCE: ISO 2041:2009, 4.1, modified - Note 3 and Note 4 have been added.]
3.4
filter
wave filter
analogue or digital device for separating oscillations on the basis of their frequency, introducing relatively small attenuation to wave oscillations in one or more frequency bands and relatively large attenuation to oscillations of other frequencies
3.5
band-pass filter
filter (3.4) which has a single transmission band extending from a lower cut-off frequency greater than zero to a finite upper cut-off frequency
3.6
nominal upper and lower cut-off frequencies
cut-off frequency
fupp and flow
nominal frequencies that define the band-pass filter (3.5)
3.7
root mean square velocity
rms velocity
vrms (t)
square root of the average of squared values of the vibration velocity within a time interval, T
Note 1: Root mean square value can also be used for displacement and acceleration.
Note 2: In the 2009 edition of this part, root mean square was abbreviated as r.m.s.
3.8
fundamental period
period
smallest increment of time for which a periodic function repeats itself
Note: If no ambiguity is likely, the fundamental period is called the period.
[SOURCE: ISO 2041:2009, 2.32]
3.9
spike
single significant rapid transient changes in amplitude above the general signal level
Note: Figure 1 shows an example for a spike.
Key
1——spike
Figure 1 Example showing a spike phenomenon in the time domain
3.10
pulse
significant repetitive rapid transient changes in amplitude above the general signal level
Note: Figure 2 shows an example for a pulse.
Figure 2 Example showing a pulse phenomenon in the time domain
4 Fundamental Concepts
4.1 Bearing vibration measurement
The diagram in Figure 3 shows the fundamental elements of bearing vibration measurement and the factors that influence the measurement. The numbers in Figure 3 correspond to subclauses of this part.
Figure 3 Fundamental elements of bearing vibration measurement
4.2 Characteristics of an axis of rotation
A rotating rolling bearing is designed to provide an axis of rotation for rotational motion of one machine element relative to another while supporting radial and/or axial loads. An axis of rotation may exhibit motion in six basic degrees of freedom. These are shown in Figure 4, and are listed below:
Foreword II
Introduction IV
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Fundamental Concepts
5 Measurement Process
6 Measurement and Evaluation Methods
7 Conditions for measurement
8 Calibration and Reference Evaluation of the Measuring System
Annex A (Informative) Contact Resonance Considerations for Spring-loaded Transducers
Annex B (Informative) Correlation of Amplitudes of Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration
Annex C (Informative) Measurement of Radial Run-out and Axial run-out of the Mandrel
Bibliography
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
GB/T 24610 covers the following four parts under the general title Rolling Bearings - Measuring Methods for Vibration:
——Part 1: Fundamentals;
——Part 2: Radial Ball Bearings with Cylindrical Bore and Outside Surface;
——Part 3: Radial Spherical and Tapered Roller Bearings with Cylindrical Bore and Outside Surface;
——Part 4: Radial Cylindrical Roller Bearings with Cylindrical Bore and Outside Surface.
This part is Part 1 of GB/T 24610.
This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 24610.1-2009 Rolling Bearings - Measuring Methods for Vibration - Part 1: Fundamentals, and the following main technical changes are made made with respect to GB/T 24610.1-2009:
——The terms "stiffness", "displacement", "velocity", "acceleration", "passband", "exponential average effective velocity" and their definitions are deleted (see 3.2, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.11, 3.14 of Edition 2009);
——The definition of "vibration" and "sensor" and the abbreviated form of "root mean square" are modified (see 3.2, 3.3, 3.7; 3.3, 3.4, 3.13 of Edition 2009);
——The terms "sharp pulse" and "pulse" and their definitions are added (see 3.9, 3.10);
——Some requirements of the measurement procedure are modified (see 5.2, 5.5; 5.2, 5.5 of Edition 2009);
——Some requirements of measurement and evaluation methods are modified (see 6.2, 6.3, 6.5; 6.2, 6.3, 6.5 of Edition 2009);
——Some figures are modified (see Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6; Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4 of Edition 2009);
——The measurement conditions of bearings are modified (see 7.1; 7.1 of Edition 2009);
——Some requirements for test device conditions are modified (see 7.3; 7.3 of Edition 2009);
——“Requirements for operators” are deleted (7.4 of Edition 2009);
——The system performance evaluation requirements are modified (see 8.3; 8.3 of Edition 2009);
——Informative appendix B “correlation of displacement, velocity and acceleration amplitude" and informative appendix C "measurement of mandrel radial runout and axial runout” are added.
This part is identical with International Standard ISO 15242-1:2015 Rolling Bearings - Measuring Methods for Vibration - Part 1: Fundamentals.
The Chinese documents identical to the normative international documents given in this part are as follows:
——GB/T 1800.2-2009, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Limits and Fits - Part 2: Tables of Standard Tolerance Grades and Limit Deviations for Holes and Shafts (ISO 286-2:1988, MOD)
——GB/T 2298-2010, Mechanical Vibration, Shock and Condition Monitoring - Vocabulary (ISO 2041:2009, IDT);
——GB/T 6930-2002, Rolling Bearings - Vocabulary (ISO 5593:1997, IDT)
This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Rolling Bearing of Standardization Administration of China (SAT/TC 98).
The previous editions of this part are as follows:
——GB/T 24610.1-2009.
Introduction
Vibration in rotating rolling bearings can be of importance as an operating characteristic of such bearings. The vibration can affect the performance of the mechanical system incorporating the bearing and can result in audible noise when the vibration is transmitted to the environment in which the mechanical system operates, can lead to damages, and can even create health problems.
Vibration of rotating rolling bearings is a complex physical phenomenon dependent on the conditions of operation. Measuring the vibration of an individual bearing under a certain set of conditions does not necessarily characterize the vibration under a different set of conditions or when the bearing becomes part of a larger assembly. Assessment of the audible sound generated by the mechanical system incorporating the bearing is further complicated by the influence of the interface conditions, the location and orientation of the sensing device, and the acoustical environment in which the system operates. Assessment of airborne noise, which for the purpose of GB/T 24610 (all parts) can be defined as any disagreeable and undesired sound, is further complicated by the subjective nature of the terms disagreeable and undesired. Structure-borne vibration can be considered the driving mechanism that ultimately results in the generation of airborne noise. Only selected methods for the measurement of the structure-borne vibration of rotating rolling bearings are addressed in GB/T 24610 (all parts).
This part serves to define and specify the physical quantities measured and the general measurement conditions and environment utilized in the measurement of vibration generated by rolling bearings on a measuring device. Based on this part, parties to the acceptance inspection of rolling bearings may, by agreement, establish acceptance criteria with which to control bearing vibration.
Vibration of rotating rolling bearings can be assessed by a number of means using various types of transducers and measurement conditions. No simple set of values characterizing the vibration of a bearing is adequate for the evaluation of the vibratory performance in all possible applications. Ultimately, a knowledge of the type of bearing, its application and the purpose of the vibration measuring (e.g. as a manufacturing process diagnostic or an assessment of product quality) is required to select the most suitable method for measuring. The field of application for standards on bearing vibration is therefore not universal. However, certain methods have established a wide enough level of application to be considered as standard methods.
This part serves to define the general principles involved in vibration measurement. It is intended that further parts of GB/T 24610 will specify, in more detail, the methods for assessing vibration of different types of bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface.
Rolling Bearings - Measuring Methods for Vibration - Part 1: Fundamentals
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 24610 specifies measuring methods for vibration of rotating rolling bearings under established measuring conditions, together with calibration of the related measuring systems.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 286-2 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - ISO Code System for Tolerances on Linear Sizes - Part 2: Tables of Standard Tolerance Classes and Limit Deviations for Holes and Shafts
ISO 2041:2009 Mechanical Vibration, Shock and Condition Monitoring - Vocabulary
ISO 5593 Rolling Bearings - Vocabulary
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041, ISO 5593 and the following apply.
3.1
error motion
undesired radial or axial (translational) motion or tilt (angular) motion of an axis of rotation, excluding motions due to changes of temperature or externally applied load
3.2
vibration
mechanical oscillations about an equilibrium point
Note: The oscillations may be periodic or random.
[SOURCE: ISO 2041:2009, 2.1, modified]
3.3
transducer
device designed to convert energy from one form to another in such a manner that the desired characteristics of the input energy appear at the output
Note 1: The output is usually electrical.
Note 2: The use of the term “pick-up” is deprecated.
Note 3: Examples of types of transducers used in vibration measurement are the following:
a) piezoelectric accelerometer;
b) piezoresistive accelerometer;
c) strain-gauge type accelerometer;
d) variable-resistance transducer;
e) electrostatic (capacitor/condenser) transducer;
f) bonded-wire (foil) strain-gauge;
g) variable-reluctance transducer;
h) magnetostriction transducer;
i) moving-conductor transducer;
j) moving-coil transducer;
k) induction transducer;
l) laser vibrometer.
Note 4: Other types of transducers such as dynamic force transducers may be used, provided their signal can be converted to displacement, velocity or acceleration.
[SOURCE: ISO 2041:2009, 4.1, modified - Note 3 and Note 4 have been added.]
3.4
filter
wave filter
analogue or digital device for separating oscillations on the basis of their frequency, introducing relatively small attenuation to wave oscillations in one or more frequency bands and relatively large attenuation to oscillations of other frequencies
3.5
band-pass filter
filter (3.4) which has a single transmission band extending from a lower cut-off frequency greater than zero to a finite upper cut-off frequency
3.6
nominal upper and lower cut-off frequencies
cut-off frequency
fupp and flow
nominal frequencies that define the band-pass filter (3.5)
3.7
root mean square velocity
rms velocity
vrms (t)
square root of the average of squared values of the vibration velocity within a time interval, T
Note 1: Root mean square value can also be used for displacement and acceleration.
Note 2: In the 2009 edition of this part, root mean square was abbreviated as r.m.s.
3.8
fundamental period
period
smallest increment of time for which a periodic function repeats itself
Note: If no ambiguity is likely, the fundamental period is called the period.
[SOURCE: ISO 2041:2009, 2.32]
3.9
spike
single significant rapid transient changes in amplitude above the general signal level
Note: Figure 1 shows an example for a spike.
Key
1——spike
Figure 1 Example showing a spike phenomenon in the time domain
3.10
pulse
significant repetitive rapid transient changes in amplitude above the general signal level
Note: Figure 2 shows an example for a pulse.
Figure 2 Example showing a pulse phenomenon in the time domain
4 Fundamental Concepts
4.1 Bearing vibration measurement
The diagram in Figure 3 shows the fundamental elements of bearing vibration measurement and the factors that influence the measurement. The numbers in Figure 3 correspond to subclauses of this part.
Figure 3 Fundamental elements of bearing vibration measurement
4.2 Characteristics of an axis of rotation
A rotating rolling bearing is designed to provide an axis of rotation for rotational motion of one machine element relative to another while supporting radial and/or axial loads. An axis of rotation may exhibit motion in six basic degrees of freedom. These are shown in Figure 4, and are listed below:
Contents of GB/T 24610.1-2019
Foreword II
Introduction IV
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Fundamental Concepts
5 Measurement Process
6 Measurement and Evaluation Methods
7 Conditions for measurement
8 Calibration and Reference Evaluation of the Measuring System
Annex A (Informative) Contact Resonance Considerations for Spring-loaded Transducers
Annex B (Informative) Correlation of Amplitudes of Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration
Annex C (Informative) Measurement of Radial Run-out and Axial run-out of the Mandrel
Bibliography
