Detail of GB 4343.1-2018

Introduction of GB 4343.1-2018

All technical contents of this part are compulsory. GB 4343 consists of two parts under the general title Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus: ——Part 1: Emission; ——Part 2: Immunity (GB/T 4343.2). This part is Part 1 of GB 4343. This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB 4343.1-2009 Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus - Part 1: Emission. The following main changes have been made with respect to GB 4343.1-2009: ——Appliances whose main functions are performed by r.f. generators used in induction cooking appliances have been added in the scope, and it has been made clear that both mains powered appliances and battery powered appliances are included in the scope of this part (see 1-1); ——The definition of 3.13 battery box is modified; the following definitions are added: 3.24 clock frequency, 3.25 battery-powered appliance and 3.26 mains-operated appliance (see Clause 3); ——Table 2b “Margin when performing disturbance power measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz” is added, and Table 3 “Radiated disturbance limits and testing methods for the frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz” is revised; ——4.1.2.3 is modified, describing application of the limits for mains-operated appliances and battery-operated appliances; ——6.2.1 is modified, re-describing the measurement procedure on the mains lead; ——7.2.2 is modified, re-describing the operating conditions of battery-powered appliances; ——7.3.1.3 is modified, adding detailed operating conditions of coffee grinders and coffee makers; ——7.3.4.15 is added, specifying the operating conditions of rice cookers; ——7.4.1.6 is added, stating that the radiated emission limits apply throughout the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz; ——8.3.1 is added, introducing the statistical method of tests based on a general margin to the limit; ——8.3.2 is revised, modifying the statistical method of tests based on the non-central t-distribution; ——Clause 9 “Methods of measurement of radiated emission (30 MHz to 1,000 MHz)” is added; and Clause 10 “Measurement uncertainty” is also added; ——Figures 10 and 11 are added; ——Annex B “Requirements for induction cooking appliances” is added. This part is identical to CISPR 14-1:2011 Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements for household appliances electric tools and similar apparatus - Part 1: Emission by means of translation. The Chinese documents consistent and corresponding with the normative international documents in this part are as follows: ——GB 4706.91-2008 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Particular requirements for electric fence energizers (IEC 60335-2-76: 2006, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.101-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus (CISPR 16-1-1: 2010, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.102-2008 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment - Conducted disturbances (CISPR 16-1-2: 2006, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.104-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements (CISPR 16-1-4: 2012, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.201-2017 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Conducted disturbance measurements (CISPR 16-2-1: 2010, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.202-2008 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-2: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Measurement of disturbance power (CISPR 16-2-2: 2004, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.203-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements (CISPR 16-2-3: 2010, IDT); ——GB/T 17626.20-2014 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Emission and immunity testing in transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguide (IEC 61000-4-20: 2010, IDT); ——GB/T 17743-2007 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment (CISPR 15: 2005 + A1: 2006, IDT). The following editorial changes are made in this part: ——To be consistent with the existing standard series, the name of this part is changed to Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus - Part 1: Immunity. This part was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. The previous editions of this part are as follows: ——GB 4343-1984, GB 4343-1995, GB 4343.1-2003 and GB 4343.1-2009.   Introduction The intention of this part is to establish uniform requirements for the radio disturbance level of household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus, to fix limits of disturbance, to describe methods of measurement and to standardize operating conditions and interpretation of results. Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus - Part 1: Emission 1 Scope 1.1 This part applies to the conduction and radiation of radio-frequency disturbances from appliances whose main functions are performed by motors, switching or regulating devices, or by r.f. generators used in induction cooking appliances. It includes such equipment as: household electrical appliances, electric tools, regulating controls using semiconductor devices, motor-driven electro-medical apparatus, electric/ electronic toys, automatic dispensing machines as well as cine or slide projectors. Both mains powered appliances and battery powered appliances are included. Also included in the scope of this part are: ——separate parts of the above mentioned equipment such as motors, switching devices e.g. (power or protective) relays, however no emission requirements apply unless formulated in this part. Excluded from the scope of this part are: ——apparatus for which all emission requirements in the radio frequency range are explicitly formulated in other national standards. Note 1: Examples are: ——luminaires, including portable luminaires for children, discharge lamps and other lighting devices: CISPR 15; ——audio and video equipment and electronic music instruments, other than toys: CISPR 13 and CISPR 20 (see also 7.3.5.4.2); ——mains communication devices, as well as baby surveillance systems: IEC 61000-3-8; ——equipment for generation and use of radio frequency energy for heating (other than induction cooking) and therapeutic purposes: CISPR 11; ——microwave ovens: CISPR 11 (but be aware of 1.3 on multifunction equipment); ——information technology equipment, e.g. home computers, personal computers, electronic copying machines: GB/T 9254-2008; ——electronic equipment to be used on motor vehicles: CISPR 12; ——radio controls, walkie-talkies and other types of radio-transmitters, also when used with toys; ——arc welding equipment: CISPR 11. ——regulating controls and equipment with regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices with a rated input current of more than 25 A per phase. ——stand-alone power supplies. Note 2: Toys powered by the supply system of a motor-powered vehicle, ship or aircraft are not covered by this part. Note 3: Until induction cooking appliances are removed from the scope of GB 4824, either GB 4824 or this part may be chosen for compliance. 1.2 The frequency range covered is 9 kHz to 400 GHz. 1.3 Multifunction equipment which is subjected simultaneously to different clauses of this part and/or other standards shall meet the provisions of each clause/standard with the relevant functions in operation; details are given in 7.2.1. 1.4 The limits in this part have been determined on a probabilistic basis, to keep the suppression of disturbances economically feasible while still achieving an adequate radio protection. In exceptional cases radio frequency interference may occur, in spite of compliance with the limits. In such a case, additional provisions may be required. 1.5 The effects of electromagnetic phenomena relating to the safety of apparatus are excluded from the scope of this part. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 4365-2003 Electrotechnical terminology - Electromagnetic compatibility [IEC 60050 (161): 1990, IDT] GB/T 6113.103-2008 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-3: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment - Disturbances power (CISPR 16-1-3: 2004, IDT) GB/T 6113.402-2006 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Measurement instrumentation uncertainty (CISPR 16-4-2: 2003, IDT) GB 7000.4-2007 Luminaires - Part 2-10: Particular requirements - Portable luminaires for children (IEC 60598-2-10: 2003, IDT) GB 7000.204-2008 Luminaires - Part 2-4: Particular requirements - Portable general purpose luminaires (IEC 60598-2-4: 1997, IDT) GB/T 9254-2008 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement (CISPR 22: 2006, IDT) IEC 60335-2-76: 2002 Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety - Part 2-76: Particular requirements for electric fence energizers IEC 61000-4-20: 2003 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-20: Testing and measurement techniques - Emission and immunity testing in transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguides CISPR 15: 2000 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics electrical lighting and similar equipment CISPR 16-1-1: 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus CISPR 16-1-2: 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment - Conducted disturbances CISPR 16-1-4: 2007 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment - Radiated disturbances CISPR 16-2-1: 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Conducted disturbance measurements CISPR 16-2-2: 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-2: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Measurement of disturbance power CISPR 16-2-3: 2006 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 4365-2003 and the following apply. 3.1 Definitions of the following terms are specified in CISPR 16-2-1 or CISPR 16-2-2: reference ground equipment under test (EUT) level weighting 3.2 click a disturbance, the amplitude of which exceeds the quasi-peak limit of continuous disturbance, the duration of which is not longer than 200 ms and which is separated from a subsequent disturbance by at least 200 ms. The durations are determined from the signal which exceeds the i.f. reference level of the measuring receiver A click may contain a number of impulses; in which case the relevant time is that from the beginning of the first to the end of the last impulse. Note: Under certain conditions, some kinds of disturbances are exempted from this definition (see 4.2.3). 3.3 i.f. reference level the corresponding value on the intermediate frequency output of the measuring receiver of an unmodulated sinusoidal signal which produces a quasi-peak indication equal to the limit for continuous disturbance 3.4 switching operation one opening or one closing of a switch or contact Note: Independent of whether clicks are observed or not. 3.5 minimum observation time T the minimum time necessary when counting clicks (or where relevant counting switching operations) to provide sufficiently firm evidence for the statistical interpretation of the number of clicks (or switching operations) per time unit (see also 7.4.2.1) 3.6 click rate N in general the number of clicks or switching operations within one minute; this Figure is being used to determine the click limit (see also 7.4.2.3) 3.7 click limit Lq the relevant limit L for continuous disturbance, as given in 4.1.1 for the measurement with the quasi-peak detector, increased by a certain value determined from the click rate N (see also 4.2.2.2) The click limit applies to the disturbance assessed according to the upper quartile method. 3.8 upper quartile method a quarter of the number of the clicks registered during the observation time T is allowed to exceed the click limit Lq In the case of switching operations a quarter of the number of the switching operations registered during the observation time is allowed to produce clicks exceeding the click limit Lq (see also 7.4.2.6). 3.9 toy product designed for, or clearly intended for use in play by children under 14 years old Toys may incorporate motors, heating elements, electronic circuits and their combination. The supply voltage of a toy shall not exceed 24 V a.c. (r.m.s) or ripple-free d.c. and may be provided by a battery or by means of an adapter or a safety transformer connected to the mains supply. Note: Transformers, converters and chargers for toys are considered not to be part of the toy (see IEC 61558-2-7). 3.10 battery toy toy which contains or uses one or more batteries as the only source of electrical energy 3.11 transformer toy toy which is connected to the supply mains through a transformer for toys and using the supply mains as the only source of electrical energy 3.12 dual supply toy toy which can be operated simultaneously or alternatively as a battery toy and a transformer toy 3.13 battery box compartment which is separate from the toy or appliance and in which the batteries are placed 3.14 safety isolating transformer transformer, the input winding of which is electrically separated from the output winding by an insulation at least equivalent to double insulation or reinforced insulation, and which is designed to supply an appliance or circuit at safety extra-low voltage 3.15 safety transformer for toys safety isolating transformer specially designed to supply toys operating at safety extra-low voltage not exceeding 24 V Note: Either a.c. or d.c. or both may be delivered from the transformer unit. 3.16 constructional kit collection of electric, electronic or mechanical parts intended to be assembled as various toys 3.17 experimental kit collection of electric or electronic components intended to be assembled in various combinations Note: The main aim of an experimental set is to facilitate the acquiring of knowledge by experiment and research. It is not intended to create a toy or equipment for practical use. 3.18 functional toy toy with a rated voltage not exceeding 24 V and which is a model of an appliance or installation used by adults Note: A product with a rated voltage exceeding 24 V, intended to be used by children under the direct supervision of an adult and which is a model of an appliance or installation and used in the same way, is known as a functional product. 3.19 portable luminaire for children luminaire that in normal use can be moved from one place to another while connected to the supply and which is designed to provide a level of safety in excess of that provided by a portable general purpose luminaire conforming to GB 7000.204 Note: A portable luminaire for children is intended for use by children who may not be under the supervision of more competent persons at the time of use. [GB 7000.4-2007, Definition 3.1] 3.20 video toy toy consisting of a screen and activating means by which the child can play and interact with the picture shown on the screen Note: All parts necessary for the operation of the video toy, such as control box, joy stick, keyboard, monitor and connections, are considered to be part of the toy. 3.21 electronic circuit circuit incorporating at least one electronic component 3.22 electronic component part in which conduction is achieved principally by electrons moving through a vacuum, gas or semiconductor Note: Electronic components do not include resistors, capacitors and inductors. 3.23 normal operation of toys condition under which the toy, connected to the recommended power supply, is played with as intended or in a foreseeable way, bearing in mind the normal behaviour of children 3.24 clock frequency the fundamental frequency of any signal used in the device excluding those which are solely used inside integrated circuits (IC) Note: High frequencies are often generated inside of integrated circuits (IC) by phase-locked-loop (PLL) circuits from lower clock oscillator frequencies outside the IC. 3.25 battery-operated appliance appliance which is operated only from batteries and has no provision for performing its intended function when connected to the mains, either directly or via a power supply Note 1: Toys are not considered to be appliances. Note 2: An appliance which has provision for charging but cannot perform its intended function during charging is considered to be a battery-operated appliance. 3.26 mains-operated appliance all appliances which are not battery-operated appliances Note: Toys are not considered to be appliances. 4 Limits of disturbance Radio disturbance measurements below 148.5 kHz and above 1,000 MHz do not need to be carried out. The requirements for induction cooking appliances are given in Annex B. 4.1 Continuous disturbance Commutator motors, as well as other devices incorporated in household appliances, electric tools and similar electrical apparatus may cause continuous disturbance. Continuous disturbance may be either broadband, caused by switching devices such as mechanical switches, commutators and semiconductor regulators, or may be narrowband, caused by electronic control devices such as microprocessors. Note: Instead of the concept of "broadband" and "narrowband" disturbances, in this part a distinction is made between two related kinds of disturbance, defined by the type of the applied detector. For this purpose limits have been defined with respect to the measurement with the quasi-peak detector and with the average detector (see 5.1.1 and 6.1.1). 4.1.1 Frequency range 148.5 kHz to 30 MHz (terminal voltages) Note: The World Administrative Radiocommunications Conference (WARC) has in 1979 reduced the lower frequency limit in Region 1 to 148.5 kHz; for applications falling in the scope of this part, tests at 150 kHz are considered adequate, since 148.5 kHz falls within the receiver bandwidth. The limits of the terminal disturbance voltages are given in Table 1. Terminal disturbance voltages are measured, in accordance with Clause 5, on each terminal with respect to ground. Terminals are defined as conductive parts, suitable for re-usable electrical connection to external circuits. 4.1.1.1 The limits in columns 2 and 3 shall be met on the phase and the neutral of the mains terminals of all appliances except those of electric tools. 4.1.1.2 On additional terminals of appliances as well as on load and additional terminals of regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices the relaxed limits given for "additional terminals" in columns 4 and 5 apply. Terminals which may be used as either mains terminals or load/additional terminals are subject to the limits for mains terminals. No terminal voltage limits apply for leads, which are not easily extensible by the user (permanently connected, or provided with a specific connector), which are shorter than 2 m, and which connect the equipment with an auxiliary apparatus or device, (e.g. semiconductor speed controls, power plugs with AC-DC converters). No terminal voltage limits apply to leads integrated in the suction hose of vacuum cleaners, even if the length exceeds 2 m. Note: For the measurement at the load terminals and additional terminals of regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices see 5.2.4, for additional terminals of other appliances see 5.2.3. 4.1.1.3 For the mains terminals of electric tools the particular limits given in columns 6 to 11 apply according to the rated power of the motor, the power of any heating device is to be excluded (for instance heating power in a blower for plastic welding). For the load terminals and additional terminals of electric tools, columns 4 and 5 apply without further relaxation.   Table 1 Terminal voltage limits for the frequency range 148.5 kHz to 30 MHz (see Figures 1 and 2) Household appliances and equipment causing similar disturbances and regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices Frequency range At mains terminals At load terminals and additional terminals 1 2 3 4 5 MHz dB (μV) Quasi-peak dB (μV) Average* dB (μV) Quasi-peak dB (μV) Average* 0.15 to 0.50 Decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the frequency from: 66 to 56 59 to 46 80 70 0.50 to 5 56 46 74 64 5 to 30 60 50 74 64 Mains terminals of electric tools 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 Frequency range Rated motor power not exceeding 700 W Rated motor power above 700 W and not exceeding 1,000 W Rated motor power above 1,000 W MHz dB (μV) Quasi-peak dB (μV) Averagea dB (μV) Quasi-peak dB (μV) Averagea dB (μV) Quasi-peak dB (μV) Averagea 0.15 to 0.35 Decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the frequency from: 66 to 59 59 to 49 70 to 63 63 to 53 76 to 69 69 to 59 0.35 to 5 59 49 63 53 69 59 5 to 30 64 54 68 58 74 64 a If the limit for the measurement with the average detector is met when using a receiver with a quasi-peak detector, the equipment under test shall be deemed to meet both limits and the measurement using the receiver with an average detector need not be carried out. Note: The limits for the measurement with the average detector are tentative and may be modified after a period of experience. 4.1.1.4 Limits for electric fence energizers apply to a) the fence terminals on all energizers (columns 4 and 5 of Table 1); b) the mains terminals on energizers designed for connection to the mains (columns 2 and 3 of Table 1); c) the battery terminals on energizers designed for operation from a battery (columns 4 and 5 of Table 1). However, no limits apply to the battery terminals of energizers with built-in batteries which cannot be connected to the mains supply, or energizers with external batteries if the connecting lead between the energizer and the battery is shorter than 2 m and is not applicable of being easily extended by the user without special tools. Type D energizers, according to IEC 60335-2-76: 2002, are measured as battery operated energizers with connecting leads between the energizer and the battery greater than 2 m in length. Note: In practice, the fence wire can also act as an active source of disturbances, due to the high-voltage discharges, in particular to radio and telecommunication networks. Manufacturers of electric fence energizers shall instruct the users to eliminate discharge points such as touching vegetation or a broken fence wire. 4.1.1.5 For battery operated appliances (with built-in batteries, as well as with external batteries) which can be connected to the mains the limits of columns 2 and 3 of Table 1 apply to the mains terminals. No radio disturbance limits apply to appliances with built-in batteries, which cannot be connected to the mains supply. No radio disturbance limits apply to appliances with external batteries, if the connecting lead between appliance and battery is shorter than 2 m. If the connecting lead is longer than 2 m or easily extendable by the user without special tools, then the limits of columns 4 and 5 of Table 1 apply to these leads. 4.1.2 Frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz 4.1.2.1 Disturbance power measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz The limits of the disturbance power are given in Table 2a. Disturbance power is measured in accordance with Clause 6, at all terminals.   Table 2a Disturbance power limits for the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz Household and similar appliances Electric tools 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Frequency range Rated motor power not exceeding 700 W Rated motor power above 700 W and not exceeding 1,000 W Rated motor power above 1,000 W MHz dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Averagea dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Averagea dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Averagea dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Averagea 30 to 300 Increasing linearly with the frequency from: 45 to 55 35 to 45 45 to 55 35 to 45 49 to 59 39 to 49 55 to 65 45 to 55 a If the limit for the measurement with the average detector is met when using a receiver with a quasi-peak detector, the equipment under test shall be deemed to meet both limits and the measurement using the receiver with an average detector need not be carried out. Table 2b margin when performing disturbance power measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz Household and similar appliances Electric tools 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Frequency range Rated motor power not exceeding 700 W Rated motor power above 700 W and not exceeding 1,000 W Rated motor power above 1,000 W MHz dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Average dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Average dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Average dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Average 200 to 300 Increasing linearly with the frequency from: 0 to 10 dB — 0 to 10 dB — 0 to 10 dB — 0 to 10 dB — Note 1: This table only applies if specified in 4.1.2.3.2. Note 2: The measured result at a particular frequency shall be less than the relevant limit minus the corresponding margin (at that frequency). 4.1.2.2 Radiated disturbances measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz The limits of radiated disturbances are given in Table 3. Radiated disturbances are measured in accordance with the standards and testing methods given in Table 3.   Table 3 Radiated disturbance limits and testing methods for the frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz Testing method Standard Frequency range MHz Limit dBμV/m Quasi-peak Remark OATSa or SACb, d CISPR 16-2-3 30~230 230~300 30 37 Measurement distance 10 m 300~1,000 37 FARe CISPR 16-2-3 30~230 230~1,000 42 to 35f 42 Measurement distance 3 m TEM-Waveguidec IEC 61000-4-20 30~230 230~1,000 30 37 — Note: The lower limit is applicable at the transition frequency. a OATS = open area test site. b SAC = semi-anechoic chamber. c The TEM-waveguide is limited to devices without cables attached and with a maximum size according to subclause 6.1 of IEC 61000-4-20: 2003 (The largest dimension of the equipment under test at 1 GHz measuring frequency is one wavelength, 300 mm at 1 GHz). d Measurements may be made at closer distance, down to 3 m. An inverse proportionality factor of 20 dB per decade shall be used to normalize the measured data to the specified distance for determining compliance. e FAR = fully anechoic room. All equipment, including floor-standing equipment, shall be measured within the test volume as described in Figure 6 of CISPR 16-2-3: 2006. f Decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the frequency. In any situation where it is necessary to verify the original measurement, the measuring method and measuring distance originally chosen shall be used in order to ensure consistency of the results. 4.1.2.3 Application of the limits 4.1.2.3.1 General This subclause describes application of the limits for all appliances (see Figure 10). Regulating controls which incorporate semiconductor devices, electric fence energizers, rectifiers, battery chargers and converters, which do not contain any clock frequency higher than 9 kHz, are not subject to the requirements in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz. 4.1.2.3.2 Mains-operated appliances The equipment under test shall be evaluated for emissions in the 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz range by testing in accordance with either method a) or b), see also Figure 10. a) The limits in columns 2 and 3 of Table 2a for the frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz shall be met by all appliances except for electric tools. For electric tools the particular limits given in columns 4 to 9 of Table 2a apply according to the rated power of the motor, excluding the power of any heating device (for instance heating power in a blower for plastic welding). Appliances are deemed to comply in the frequency range from 300 MHz to 1,000 MHz if both of the following conditions (1) and 2)) are fulfilled: 1) all emission readings from the equipment under test shall be lower than the applicable limits (Table 2a) reduced by the margin (Table 2b); 2) the maximum clock frequency shall be less than 30 MHz. If either of condition 1) or 2) is not fulfilled, radiated measurements in the frequency range from 300 MHz to 1,000 MHz shall be conducted and the limits of Table 3 for that range applied. In any case the limits of Table 2a in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz shall be met. b) The limits in Table 3 shall be met. Any of the measurement methods mentioned in Table 3 can be selected by the manufacturer except that the TEM-waveguide shall be used only for battery-powered appliances not intended to have external cables attached (see also Note c in Table 3). The test report shall state which method was used and which limits were applied. 4.1.2.3.3 Battery-operated appliances For all battery-operated appliances the limits in Table 3 apply for the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz (See also Figure 11). Any of the measurement methods mentioned in Table 3 can be selected by the manufacturer except that the TEM-waveguide shall be used only for battery powered appliances not intended to have external cables attached. The test report shall state which method was used and which limits were applied. Battery-operated appliances which do not contain active electronic circuits or motors shall not be measured. These appliances are considered to comply without testing. Note: Examples of active electronic circuits include circuits containing transistors, thyristors and relays. A LED connected to a battery via a manual switch is not an active electronic circuit if the current is limited only by a resistor or a transistor operating linearly, but it is an active switching circuit if the current is pulsed using a transistor. 4.2 Discontinuous disturbance Switching operations in thermostatically controlled appliances, automatic programme controlled machines and other electrically controlled or operated appliances generate discontinuous disturbance. The subjective effect of discontinuous disturbance varies with repetition rate and amplitude in audio and video presentation. Therefore distinction shall be made between various kinds of discontinuous disturbance. The discontinuous disturbance is only measured with a measuring receiver including a quasi-peak detector as mentioned in 5.1.1 and specified in Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-1:2003. See Annex C for guidance. 4.2.1 The limits for discontinuous disturbance depend mainly on the character of the disturbance and on the click rate N as given in detail in 4.2.2 and 4.2.3. No discontinuous disturbance limits apply in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz. Note: The level of disturbances below 30 MHz is interpreted as an indication for the level above 30 MHz. 4.2.2 Frequency range 148.5 kHz to 30 MHz (terminal voltages) 4.2.2.1 The limits of Table 1 apply also to discontinuous disturbances from all equipment which produce: a) disturbances other than clicks, or b) clicks with a click rate N equal to or greater than 30. Appliances as described in 4.2.3 are exempted. Note: Examples of discontinuous disturbances for which the limits for continuous disturbance apply are shown in Figures 4a) and 4b). 4.2.2.2 For discontinuous disturbance, the click limit Lq is attained by increasing the relevant limit L (as given in 4.1.1) with: 44 dB for N < 0.2, or 20 lg(30/N)dB for 0.2 ≤ N < 30 Note: Examples of discontinuous disturbances which are classified as clicks are shown in Figures 3a), 3b) and 3c). See also Annex A, Table A.1 and Table A.2. 4.2.2.3 The click limit Lq applies for click rates N determined under operating conditions and interpretation of results as specified in Clause 7. 4.2.3 Exceptions from the click definition Under certain conditions some kinds of discontinuous disturbances are exempted from the definition of a click (see 3.2). This subclause contains these exceptions which are applicable in combination with subclauses 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 to all kinds of appliances. In Figure 9, a flow diagram shows how to take these conditions into account in the verification procedure. Product specific relaxations are contained in Annex A, which contains also Table A.2, a list of appliances for which the switching operations are counted, to derive the click rate N. 4.2.3.1 Individual switching operations The disturbance from individual switching operations, caused directly or indirectly, manually or by similar activities on a switch or a control which is included in an appliance or otherwise to be used for: a) the purpose of mains connection or disconnection only; b) the purpose of programme selection only; c) the control of energy or speed by switching between a limited number of fixed positions; d) the changing of the manual setting of a continuously adjustable control such as a variable speed device for water extraction or electronic thermostats, is to be disregarded for the purpose of testing the appliance for compliance with the limits of radio disturbance set out in this part. Examples of switches included in this subclause are the on/off switches for apparatus (including foot activated), for instance the switch for an electric typewriter, manual switches for heat and air flow control in fan heaters and hair dryers, as well as the indirectly operated switch in a cupboard, wardrobe or refrigerator, and sensor-operated switches, etc. Switches which usually will be repeatedly operated are not included in this subclause, e.g. for sewing machines, calculating machines, soldering equipment, etc. (see 7.2.3 and 7.3.2.4.c). Also the disturbance caused by the operation of any switching device or control which is included in an appliance for the purpose of mains disconnection for safety only, is to be disregarded for the purpose of testing the appliance for compliance with the limits of radio disturbance as described in this part. 4.2.3.2 Combination of clicks in a time frame less than 600 ms In programme controlled appliances a combination of clicks in a time frame less than 600 ms is allowed once per selected programme cycle. For other appliances such a combination of clicks is allowed once during the minimum observation time. This is also valid for thermostatically controlled three-phase switches, causing three disturbances sequentially in each of the three phases and the neutral. The combination of clicks is considered as one click. 4.2.3.3 Instantaneous switching Appliances which fulfill the following conditions: ——the click rate is not more than 5, ——none of the caused clicks has a duration longer than 20 ms, ——90 % of the caused clicks have a duration less than 10 ms, shall be deemed to comply with the limits, independent of the amplitude of the clicks (see Tables A.1 and A.2). If one of these conditions is not satisfied then the limits in accordance with 4.2.2 apply. 4.2.3.4 Separation of clicks less than 200 ms For appliances which have a click rate less than 5, any two disturbances each having a maximum duration of 200 ms, shall be evaluated as two clicks even when the separation between the disturbances is less than 200 ms. In this case, for instance observed with refrigerators, the example shown in Figure 4b), would be evaluated as two clicks and not as continuous disturbance. 5 Methods of measurement of terminal disturbance voltages (148.5 kHz to 30 MHz) This clause lays down the general requirements for the measurement of disturbance voltage produced at the terminals of apparatus. The operating conditions are given in Clause 7 of this part. 5.1 Measuring devices The measuring devices given below are to be used: 5.1.1 Measuring receivers Receivers with quasi-peak detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-1: 2003; receivers with average detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 6 of CISPR 16-1-1: 2003. Note: Both detectors may be incorporated in a single receiver and measurements carried out either using the quasi-peak detector or the average detector. 5.1.2 Artificial mains network The artificial mains V-network is required to provide a defined impedance at high frequencies between the terminals of the appliance under test and reference ground, and also to isolate the test circuit from unwanted radio-frequency signals on the supply mains. The artificial mains V-network 50 Ω/50 μH (or 50 Ω/50 μH + 5 Ω) as defined in Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-2: 2003 shall be used. To ensure that, at the frequency of measurement, the impedance of the mains does not materially affect the impedance of the artificial mains V-network, a suitable radio-frequency impedance shall be inserted between the artificial mains V-network and the supply mains. This impedance will also reduce the effect of unwanted signals which occur on the supply mains (see also 5.3). The connection between the artificial mains V-network and the measuring receiver shall be made by means of a coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω. 5.1.3 Voltage probe The voltage probe shall be used when measuring on terminals other than mains terminals (see 5.2.3.2) e.g. load and control terminals (5.2.4.4). The voltage probe shall also be used on mains terminals when the artificial mains V-network cannot be used without unduly influencing the appliance under test or the test equipment, e.g. while measuring motors and heating devices operating at more than 25 A per phase. The voltage probe contains a resistor having a resistance value of at least 1,500 Ω in series with a capacitor with a reactive value negligible to the resistance (in the range 150 kHz to 30 MHz) (see 5.2 of CISPR 16-1-2: 2003). The measuring results shall be corrected according to the voltage division between the probe and the measuring set. For this correction only the resistive parts of the impedances shall be taken into account. If the function of the appliance under test is affected by the impedance of the probe being too low, its impedance (at 50/60 Hz and at radio frequencies) shall be increased as needed (for example 15 kΩ in series with 500 pF). 5.1.4 Artificial hand In order to simulate the influence of the user's hand, application of the artificial hand is required for hand held equipment during the disturbance voltage measurement. The artificial hand consists of metal foil which is connected to one terminal (terminal M) of an RC element consisting of a capacitor of 220 pF ± 20 % in series with a resistor of 510 Ω ± 10 % [see Figure 8a)]; the other terminal of the RC element shall be connected to the reference ground of the measuring system (see CISPR 16-1-2: 2003). The RC element of the artificial hand may be incorporated in the housing of the artificial mains network. 5.1.5 Disturbance analyzer for discontinuous disturbance The measuring equipment for discontinuous disturbance shall comply with Clause 10 of CISPR 16-1-1: 2003. An alternative method using an oscilloscope may be applied provided that the degree of accuracy is sufficient. Note: For the measurement of the duration of the disturbance, see CISPR 16-1-1: 2003. 5.2 Measuring procedures and arrangements 5.2.1 Arrangement of the leads of the appliance under test Note: Clause 5 and Annex A of CISPR 16-2-1: 2003 give more information about the connection of the electrical appliances to the measuring equipment. 5.2.1.1 Mains lead During all measurements of disturbance terminal voltages (on the mains terminals or on other terminals) the artificial mains V-network shall be connected to the mains terminals in order to provide a defined termination. As described in detail in 5.2.2 the V-network shall be situated at a distance of 0.8 m from the appliance. The disturbance voltage measurements are normally to be made at the plug end of the lead. If the mains lead of the appliance under test is longer than necessary to be connected to the V-network the length of this lead in excess of 0.8 m shall be folded back and forth parallel to the lead so as to form a horizontal bundle with a length between 0.3 m and 0.4 m. In the case of controversy with regard to the banning of sales or withdrawal of a type approval it may be replaced by a lead of similar quality with a length of 1 m. If the lead on which the measurements are to be made is shorter than the required distance between the appliance and the mains V-network, it shall be extended to the necessary length. If the mains lead of the appliance under test includes the earthing conductor, the plug end of the earthing conductor shall be connected to the reference ground of the measuring equipment. Where an earthing conductor is required, but is not included in the lead, the connection of the earth terminal of the appliance to the reference ground of the measuring equipment shall be made by a lead not longer than necessary to be connected to the V-network running parallel to the mains lead at a distance of not more than 0.1 m from it. If the appliance is not supplied with a lead it is to be connected to the artificial mains V-network by a lead not longer than 1 m (also in case of plug or socket-outlet). 5.2.1.2 Other leads The lead connecting the appliance with an auxiliary apparatus and the leads to regulating controls or to batteries of battery-powered appliances shall be treated in accordance with 5.2.1.1 except where otherwise stated in this part. 5.2.2 Disposition of appliances under test and their connection to the artificial mains V-network 5.2.2.1 Appliances normally operated without an earth connection and not held in the hand The appliance shall be placed 0.4 m above an earthed conducting surface of at least 2 m x 2 m in size and at a distance of 0.8 m from the artificial mains V-network and shall be kept at least 0.8 m from any other earthed conducting surface. If the measurements are made in a screened enclosure, the distance of 0.4 m may be referred to one of the walls of the enclosure. Appliance that, according to its design and/or weight, usually stands on the floor while in use (so-called floor standing appliance) is subject to the same provisions as above. However, ——the appliance shall be placed on a horizontal metal ground plane (the reference ground plane), but isolated from it by a non-metallic support (such as a pallet) of 0.1 m ± 25 % in height; ——the lead shall be led downward along the EUT to the level of the non-metallic support and be led horizontally to the artificial V-network; ——the artificial V-network shall be bonded to the reference ground plane (see CISPR 16-2-1: 2003); ——the reference ground plane shall extend at least 0.5 m beyond the boundaries of the appliance under test and have minimum dimensions of 2 m x 2 m. 5.2.2.2 Handheld appliances which are normally operated without an earth connection Measurements shall first be made in accordance with 5.2.2.1. Additional measurements shall then be made using the artificial hand described in 5.1.4. The general principle to be followed in the application of the artificial hand is that the metal foil shall be wrapped around all handles, both fixed and detachable, supplied with the appliance and the terminal M shall additionally be connected to any exposed non-rotating metalwork as specified in 5.2.2.2.2 to 5.2.2.2.4. Metalwork which is covered with paint or lacquer is considered as exposed metalwork and shall be directly connected to the terminal M of the RC element. The artificial hand shall be applied only on the handles and grips and those parts of the appliance specified as such by the manufacturer. Failing the manufacturer's specification, the artificial hand shall be applied in the following way: 5.2.2.2.1 When the casing of the appliance is entirely of metal, no metal foil is needed, but the terminal M of the RC element shall be connected directly to the body of the appliance. 5.2.2.2.2 When the casing of the appliance is of insulating material, metal foil shall be wrapped round the handles, e.g. in Figure 8b), around handle B, and also round the second handle D, if present. Also metal foil 60 mm wide shall be wrapped round the body C at that point where the iron core of the motor stator is located, or around the gearbox if this gives a higher disturbance level. All these pieces of metal foil, and the ring or bushing A, if present, shall be connected together and to the terminal M of the RC element. 5.2.2.2.3 When the casing of the appliance is partly metal and partly insulating material, and has insulating handles, metal foil shall be wrapped round the handles, as handles B and D in Figure 8b). If the case is non-metallic at the location of the motor, a metal foil 60 mm wide shall be wrapped round the body C at that point where the iron core of the motor stator is located, or alternatively around the gearbox, if this is of insulating material and a higher disturbance level is obtained. The metal part of the body, the point A, the metal foil round the handles B and D and the metal foil on the body C shall be connected together and to the terminal M of the RC element. 5.2.2.2.4 When a Class II appliance has two handles of insulating material A and B and a case of metal C, for example an electric circular saw [Figure 8c)], metal foil shall be wrapped round the handles A and B. The metal foil at A and B and the metal body C shall be connected together and to the terminal M of the RC element. Note: Classes 0, I, II and III according to IEC 61140 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment. 5.2.2.3 Appliances normally required to be operated with an earth connection The appliance shall be placed at a distance of 0.8 m from the artificial mains V-network, and the disturbance voltages shall be measured in accordance with 5.2.1. The measurements shall be made with the earth terminal of the appliance connected to the reference ground of the measuring equipment. If the appliance is not supplied with a lead, the connection of the earth terminal of the appliance to the reference ground of the measuring equipment shall be made by a lead running parallel to the mains lead and of the same length and at a distance of not more than 0.1 m from it. If the enclosure of the appliance is of non-conducting material, the appliance shall be tested as described in 5.2.2.1. Appliance that, according to its design and/or weight, usually stands on the floor while in use (so-called floor standing appliance) is subject to the same provisions as above. However, ——the appliance shall be placed on a horizontal metal ground plane (the reference ground plane), but isolated from it by a non-metallic support (such as a pallet) of 0.1 m ± 25 % in height; If the measurements are made in a screened enclosure, the distance of 0.1 m ± 25 % shall be referred to the metal ground of the screened enclosure. ——the boundaries of the appliance shall have a distance of at least 0.4 m to a grounded vertical conducting surface of at least 2 m x 2 m in size. If the measurements are made in a screened enclosure, the distance of 0.4 m shall be referred to the nearest wall of the enclosure; ——the reference ground plane shall extend at least 0.5 m beyond the boundaries of appliance under test. ——the V-network shall be bonded with metal straps to the reference ground plane (see CISPR 16-2-1: 2003); ——the reference ground plane shall be bonded with the vertical surface by a low impedance connection. 5.2.3 Appliances having auxiliary apparatus connected at the end of a lead other than the mains lead Note 1: Regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices are excluded from this subclause, as these are covered in 5.2.4. Note 2: When the auxiliary apparatus is not essential to the operation of the appliance and has a separate test procedure specified elsewhere in this part (e.g. power nozzle of a vacuum cleaner), this subclause does not apply. The main appliance is tested as an individual appliance. Connecting leads exceeding 1 m in length are arranged in accordance with 5.2.1.1. Measurements need not to be made when the connecting lead between the appliance and the auxiliary apparatus is permanently fixed at both ends, and is either shorter than 2 m, or if it has a shielding whose ends are connected to the metal housing of the appliance and that of the auxiliary apparatus. The measurement of the terminal voltage on non-rewirable leads longer than 2 m and shorter than 10 m shall be started at a frequency according to the following formula: fstart＝60/L where, fstart——the start frequency for the measurement of the terminal voltage, MHz; L——the length of the connecting lead between the appliance and the auxiliary apparatus, m. Note: This calculation is based on the requirement that the length of the auxiliary lead shall not exceed one-fifth of the wave length, corresponding to the start frequency of the measurement. 5.2.3.1 Measuring arrangement The appliance under test shall be arranged in accordance with 5.2.2 with the following additional requirements: a) The auxiliary apparatus shall be placed at the same height and distance from the earthed conducting surface as the main appliance, and if the auxiliary lead is long enough, at a distance of 0.8 m from the main appliance, 5.2.1.1 shall be observed. If the auxiliary lead is shorter than 0.8 m, the auxiliary apparatus shall be placed at the longest possible distance from the main apparatus. If the auxiliary lead is longer than 0.8 m, the length of the auxiliary lead in excess of 0.8 m shall be folded parallel to itself so as to form a horizontal bundle with a length between 0.3 m and 0.4 m. The auxiliary lead shall be stretched in the opposite direction to the mains lead. When the auxiliary apparatus contains controls, the arrangements for its operation must not unduly affect the level of disturbance; b) If an appliance having an auxiliary apparatus is earthed, no artificial hand shall be connected. If the appliance itself is made to be held in the hand, the artificial hand shall be connected to the appliance and not to any auxiliary apparatus; c) If the appliance is not made to be held in the hand, the auxiliary apparatus which is not earthed and is made to be held in the hand shall be connected to the artificial hand; if the auxiliary apparatus is not made to be held in the hand either, it shall be placed above an earthed conducting surface as described in 5.2.2.1. 5.2.3.2 Measuring procedure In addition to the measurement on the terminals for the mains connection, measurements are conducted on all other terminals for incoming and outgoing leads (e.g. control and load lines) using a probe as described in 5.1.3 in series with the input of the measuring receiver. The auxiliary apparatus, control or load shall be connected to allow measurements to be made under all provided operating conditions and during interactions between the appliance and the auxiliary apparatus. Measurements are performed both on the terminals of the appliance and on those of the auxiliary apparatus. 5.2.4 Regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices 5.2.4.1 The regulating control shall be arranged as shown in Figure 5. The output terminal of the control shall be connected to a load of the correct rated value by leads of 0.5 m to 1 m length. Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the load shall consist of incandescent lamps. 5.2.4.2 When a regulating control or its load is to be operated with an earth connection (i.e. Class I equipment), then the earth terminal of the regulating control shall be connected to the earth terminal of the artificial mains V-network. The earth terminal of the load, if any, shall be connected to the earth terminal of the regulating control, or, if not available, directly to the earth terminal of the artificial mains V-network. 5.2.4.3 The control shall first be measured in accordance with the provisions of 5.2.2.1 or 5.2.2.3. 5.2.4.4 Secondly, measurement of the disturbance voltage is made at the load terminals using a probe as described in 5.1.3 in series with the input of the measuring receiver. 5.2.4.5 For regulating controls having additional terminals for connection to a remote sensor or control unit, the following further provisions apply: a) The additional terminals shall be connected to the remote sensor or control unit by leads of 0.5 m to 1 m length. If a special lead is provided, the length of this lead in excess of 0.8 m shall be folded back and forth parallel to the lead so as to form a horizontal bundle with a length between 0.3 m and 0.4 m. b) Measurement of the disturbance voltage at the additional terminals of the regulating control shall be carried out in the same way as described in 5.2.4.4 for the load terminals. 5.3 Reduction of disturbance not produced by the appliance under test Any measurable disturbance voltage not caused by the appliance under test (arising from the supply mains or produced by extraneous fields), shall give an indication on the measuring set at least 20 dB below the lowest voltage to which it is desired to measure. The background noise shall not be at least 20 dB below the measurement level, otherwise it shall be quoted in the results of measurement. The disturbance voltages not caused by the equipment under test shall be measured when the equipment under test is connected but not operated. Note: Realization of this condition may require the addition of a supplementary filter in the supply mains and the measurements may have to be made in a screened enclosure. 6 Methods of measurement of disturbance power (30 MHz to 300 MHz) This clause lays down the general requirements for the measurement of disturbance power produced at the terminals of apparatus. The operating conditions are given in Clause 7 of this part. It is generally considered that for frequencies above 30 MHz the disturbing energy is propagated by radiation to the disturbed apparatus. Experience has shown that the disturbing energy is mostly radiated by the part of the mains leads and other leads near the appliance. It is therefore agreed to define the disturbing capability of an appliance as the power it could supply to its leads. This power is nearly equal to that supplied by the appliance to a suitable absorbing device placed around these leads at the position where the absorbed power is at its maximum. Calibration is accomplished in accordance with Annex B of CISPR 16-1-2: 2003. 6.1 Measuring devices 6.1.1 Measuring receivers Receivers with quasi-peak detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-1: 2003; receivers with average detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 6 of CISPR 16-1-1: 2003. Note: Both detectors may be incorporated in a single receiver and measurements carried out either using the quasi-peak detector or the average detector. 6.1.2 Absorbing clamp The absorbing clamp shall be in accordance with Clause 4 of GB/T 6113.103-2008. 6.2 Measurement procedure on the mains lead 6.2.1 The distance between the clamp test set-up (the appliance, the lead to be measured and the absorbing clamp) and any other conductive objects (including persons, walls and ceiling, but excluding the floor) shall be at least 0.8 m. The appliance under test shall be placed on a non-metallic support table parallel to the floor. The height of the table shall be 0.1 m ± 0.025 m for appliances primarily intended to be positioned on the floor in normal use, and 0.8 m ± 0.05 m for other appliances. The lead to be measured is placed in a straight line for a distance sufficient to accommodate the absorbing clamp, and to permit the necessary measuring adjustment of position for tuning. The clamp is placed around the lead. 6.2.2 The absorbing clamp is positioned for maximum indication at each test frequency: the clamp shall be moved along the lead until the maximum value is found between a position adjacent to the appliance and a distance of about a half-wavelength from it. Note: The maximum may occur at a distance close to the appliance 6.2.3 The straight portion of the lead to be measured on should therefore be about 6 m long, this being equal to λmax/2 + 0.6 in order to allow at any time the positioning of the absorbing clamp and a possible second clamp for additional isolation. If the original lead of the appliance is shorter than the necessary length, it shall be extended or replaced by a similar lead. Any plug or socket which will not pass through the absorbing clamp due to its size shall be removed or, especially in the case of controversy with regard to the banning of sales or withdrawal of a type approval the lead may be replaced by a lead of similar quality with the necessary length. Note: λmax is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency at which measurements are to be made for instance 10 m at 30 MHz 6.2.4 If the r.f. isolation between mains supply and the input of the absorbing clamp on the side of the appliance appears to be insufficient, a fixed ferrite clamp (see GB/T 6113.103-2008) shall be placed along the lead at a distance of about 6 m from the appliance. This improves the stability of the loading impedance and reduces extraneous noise coming from the mains supply. For more information see Clause 4 of GB/T 6113.103-2008. 6.3 Special requirements for appliances having auxiliary apparatus connected at the end of a lead other than the mains lead 6.3.1 Measurement arrangement 6.3.1.1 Auxiliary leads normally extendible by the user, for instance with a loose end or leads fitted with a (by the user) easily replaceable plug or socket on one or both ends, shall in accordance with 6.2.3 be extended to a length of about 6 m. Any plug or socket which will not pass through the absorbing clamp due to its size shall be removed (see 6.2.3). 6.3.1.2 If the auxiliary lead is permanently fixed to the appliance and to the auxiliary apparatus and: ——is shorter than 0.25 m, measurement are not to be made on these leads; ——is longer than 0.25 m but shorter than twice the length of the absorbing clamp, it shall be extended to twice the length of the absorbing clamp; ——is longer than twice the length of the absorbing clamp, measurements shall be made using the original lead. When the auxiliary apparatus is not necessary for the operation of the main appliance (e.g. a power nozzle to a vacuum cleaner) and a separate test procedure for the auxiliary apparatus is specified elsewhere in this part, only the lead, but not the auxiliary apparatus, shall be connected. (However, all measurements on the main appliance in accordance with 6.3.2 are to be made.) 6.3.2 Measuring procedure 6.3.2.1 Measurement of the disturbance power shall be made firstly on the mains lead of the main appliance using the absorbing clamp in accordance with 6.2. Any lead connecting the main appliance to an auxiliary apparatus is disconnected if this does not affect the operation of the appliance, or is isolated by means of ferrite rings (or an absorbing clamp) close to the appliance. 6.3.2.2 Secondly, a similar measurement is made on each lead which is or may be connected to an auxiliary apparatus, whether or not it is necessary for the operation of the appliance; the current transformer of the clamp pointing towards the main appliance. Isolation, or disconnection of the mains lead and other leads is made in accordance with 6.3.2.1. Note: For short, permanently connected leads the movement of the clamp (as described in 6.2.3) is limited by the length of the lead. 6.3.2.3 In addition, measurement shall be made as above but with the current transformer of the clamp pointing towards any auxiliary apparatus, unless this auxiliary apparatus is not needed for the operation of the main appliance and a separate test procedure for it is specified elsewhere (no disconnection or r.f. isolation of other leads is of course necessary in this case). 6.4 Assessment of measuring results The measured power is derived from the maximum indicated value found at each frequency of measurement and the calibration curve of the absorbing clamp (see also the example given in Annex B of GB/T 6113.103-2008). 7 Operating conditions and interpretation of results When measurements of disturbance are being made, the appliance shall be operated under the following conditions: 7.1 General 7.1.1 Normal load conditions shall be as defined in 7.2 and 7.3, unless these are in conflict with the manufacturer's instruction for use, which in such cases take precedence. Where appliances are not covered by these subclauses, the manufacturer's instruction for use shall be followed. 7.1.2 The duration of operation is not restricted unless the appliance is marked accordingly. In this case the limitations shall be complied with. 7.1.3 No running-in time to be specified but, prior to testing, the appliance shall be operated for a sufficient period to ensure that the conditions of operation will be typical of those during normal life of the equipment. Running-in of motors shall be carried out by the manufacturer. 7.1.4 The appliances shall be operated from a supply that provides the rated voltage and the rated frequency of the appliance. A test at about 160 kHz and at about 50 MHz shall be made over a range of 0.9 to 1.1 times the rated voltage in order to check whether the level of disturbance varies considerably with the supply voltage; in which case, the measurements are to be made at the voltage that causes maximum disturbance. If an appliance has a rated voltage range, the multipliers 0.9 and 1.1 apply to the lowest and highest, most common nominal supply voltages that fall within the rated voltage range that is specified by the manufacturer. Note: The most common nominal supply voltages are 100 V, 110 V, 115 V, 120 V, 127 V, 220 V, 230 V, 240 V and 250 V. If an appliance has more than one rated voltage the multipliers 0.9 and 1.1 apply to the rated voltage that causes maximum disturbance. For appliances with a frequency range of 50 Hz to 60 Hz, a test at about 160 kHz and at about 50 MHz shall be made using supply frequencies of 50 Hz and 60 Hz at the above determined supply voltage, in order to check whether the level of disturbance varies considerably with the supply frequency; in which case, the measurements are to be made at the supply frequency which causes maximum disturbance. 7.1.5 Speed controls with a limited number of fixed positions are to be adjusted to approximately average and to maximum speed, the higher reading to be registered if there is no instruction to the contrary in this part. Apparatus which incorporate electronic regulating controls shall have the controls adjusted for maximum disturbance in accordance with the procedure outlined in 7.2.6.1, in both frequency ranges 148.5 kHz to 30 MHz and 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz. If the setting of continuously adjustable controls, which are not designed for frequent adjustment in normal use, has been pre-set, it shall not be adjusted during the test. 7.1.6 The ambient temperature shall lie within the range 15 ℃ to 35 ℃. 7.2 Operating conditions for particular equipment and integrated parts 7.2.1 Multifunction equipment Multifunction equipment which is subjected simultaneously

Contents of GB 4343.1-2018

Foreword i Introduction iv 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Limits of disturbance 5 Methods of measurement of terminal disturbance voltages (148.5 kHz to 30 MHz) 6 Methods of measurement of disturbance power (30 MHz to 300 MHz) 7 Operating conditions and interpretation of results 8 Interpretation of CISPR radio disturbance limit 9 Methods of measurement of radiated emission (30 MHz to 1,000 MHz) 10 Measurement uncertainty Annex A (Normative) Limits of disturbance caused by the switching operations of specific appliances when the formula 20 lg (30/N) is applicable Annex B (Normative) Requirements for induction cooking appliances Annex C (Informative) Example of the use of the upper quartile method to determine compliance with disturbance limits (see 7.4.2.6) Annex D (Informative) Guidance notes for the measurement of discontinuous disturbance (clicks) Bibliography Figure 1 Graphical representation of the limits of household appliances and electric tools (see 4.1.1) Figure 2 Graphical representation of the limits of regulating controls (see 4.1.1) Figure 3 Examples of discontinuous disturbances classified as clicks (see 3.2) Figure 4 Examples of discontinuous disturbance for which the limits of continuous disturbance apply (see 4.2.2.1) Figure 5 Measuring arrangement for regulating controls (see 5.2.4) Figure 6 Arrangement for measurement of disturbance voltage produced at the fence terminal of electric fence energizers (see 7.3.7.2) Figure 7 Measuring arrangement for toys running on tracks Figure 8 Application of the artificial hand (see 5.1.4 and 5.2.2.2) Figure 9 Flow diagram for measurements of discontinuous disturbance (see Annex D) Figure 10 Flow chart for emission testing of mains operated appliances in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz Figure 11 Flow chart for emission testing of battery-operated appliances in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz Table 1 Terminal voltage limits for the frequency range 148.5 kHz to 30 MHz Table 2a Disturbance power limits for the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz Table 2b margin when performing disturbance power measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz Table 3 Radiated disturbance limits and testing methods for the frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz Table 4 General margin to the limit for statistical evaluation Table 5 Factor k for the application of the non-central t-distribution Table 6 Application of the binomial distribution Table A.1 Examples of appliances and application of limits according to 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 for which the click rate N is derived from the number of clicks Table A.2 Examples of appliances and application of limits for which the click rate N is derived from the number of switching operations and the factor f as mentioned in the relevant operating conditions Table B.1 Terminal voltage limits for induction cooking appliances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz Table B.2 Magnetic field strength limits for induction cooking appliances intended for commercial use Table B.3 Limits of the magnetic field induced current in a 2 m loop antenna for induction cooking appliances for domestic use