1 Scope
This standard defines the required rules that must be complied with in the designs of complete machine, structure, mechanism, electrics, safety of cranes, and specifies the design and calculation requirement / method. This standard may be regulated as the technical base of analysis and assessment.
The standard is applicable to overhead type crane, jib type crane and cable type crane, but doesn’t refer to the special design problem of the above cranes. This standard may be referenced as for the design of other cranes.
2 Normative References
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this national standard. For dated reference, subsequent amendments (excluding amending error in the text) to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not be applied. However, the parties whose enter into agreement according to these specifications are encouraged to research whether the latest editions of these references are applied or not. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document is applicable to this national standard.
GB/T 699 Quality Carbon Structure Steels
GB 700 Carbon Structure Steel
GB/T 985 Basic Forms and Sizes of Weld Grooves for Gas Welding Manual Arc Welding And Gas -- Shielded Arc Welding
GB/T 986 Basic Forms and Sizes of Weld Grooves for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 1231 Specifications of High Strength Bolts with Large Hexagon Head, Large Hexagon Nuts, Plain Washers for Steel Structures
GB/T 1591 High Strength Low Alloy Steel (GB/T 1591-1994, neq ISO 4950: 1981)
GB/T 2585 Hot-rolled Steel Rails for Railway
GB/T 2893 Safety Color (GB 2893-2001, neq ISO 3864: 1984)
GB/T 2894 Safety Mark (GB 2894-1996, neq ISO 3864: 1984)
GB/T 3077 Alloy Structure Steels
GB/T 3098.1 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Bolts, Screws and Studs (GB/T 3098.1-2000, idt ISO 898-1: 1999)
GB/T 3098.2 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Nuts - Coarse Thread (GB/T 3098.2-2000, idt ISO 898-2: 1992)
GB/T 3480 Calculation Methods of Load Capacity for Involute Cylindrical Gears (GB/T 3480-1997, eqv ISO 6336-1～ 6336-3: 1996)
GB/T 3633 Technical Requirement for Sets of Torshear Type High Strength Bolt Hexagon Nut and Plain Washer for Steel Structures
GB/T 4205 Man-machine Interface (MM) - Actuating Principles
GB/T 4208 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP Code) (GB 4208-1993, eqv IEC 60529: 1989)
GB/T 4942.1 Classification of Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures of Rotating Electrical Machines (IP Code)
GB/T 5117 Carbon Steel Covered Electrode
GB/T 5118 Low-alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrode
GB/T 5226.2 Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part 32: Requirements for Hoisting Machines (GB 5226.2 - 2002, idt IEC 60204-32: 1998)
GB/T 5269 Double-pitch Precision Roller Chains Attachments and Associated Chain Sprockets for Transmission and Conveyors (GB/T 5269 - 1999, idt ISO 1275: 1995)
GB/T 5293 Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxs for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 8110 Welding Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielding Arc Welding of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel
GB/T 8918 Steel Wire Ropes for Important Purposes (GB 8918-2006, ISO 3154: 1988, MOD)
GB/T 9439 Grey Iron Castings
GB/T 10051.1 Lifting Hooks Mechanical Properties, Lifting Capacities, Stresses and Materials
GB/T 10062 Methods for the Calculation of Load Capacity for Bevel Gears ( GB/T 10062.1 ~ GB/T 10062.3-2003; ISO 10300–1 ~ ISO 10300 - 3:2001,IDT)
GB/T 11264 Light Rail
GB/T 11352 Carbon Steel Castings for General Engineering Purposes (GB/T 11352-1989, neq ISO 3755:1975)
GB/T 14048.4 Low-voltage Switchgear and Control-gear - Electromechanical Contactors and Motor Starters (GB/T 14048.4-2003, IEC 60947–4–1:2000, IDT)
GB/T 14408 Low Alloy Steel Castings for General Engineering and Structural Purposes
GB 15052 Lifting Appliances - Dangerous Positions and Signs
GB/T 17909.1 Cranes -- Crane driving manual -- Part 1: General (GB 17909.1-1999, idt IS0 9928– 1:1990)
GB/T 18453.1 Cranes -- Maintenance manual -- Part 1: General (GB/T 18453.1-2001, idt ISO 12478-1:1997)
GB/T 19418 Arc-welded Joints in Steel - Guidance on Quality Levels for Imperfections (GB/T 19418-2003, ISO 5817:1992, IDT)
GB/T 20118 Steel Wire Ropes for General Purpose (GB/T 20118—2006, ISO/DIS 2408:2002 Steel Wire Ropes General Purpose - Minimum requirements, MOD)
GB/T 20303.1 Cranes - Cabins - Part 1: Genera (GB/T 20303.1-2006, ISO 8566-1:1992,IDT)
GB/T 20947 Short-link Chain for Lifting Purposes - Grade T (Types T DAT and DT) Fine-tolerance Hoist Chain
GB 50058 Design Code for Power Facilities in the Circumstances with Explosion and Fire Danger
JB/T 6392 Wheels for Cranes
JB/T 7017 Hydraulic Buffer for Crane
JB/T 7687.1 Blanks of Straight-shank Lifting Beam with Hooks
JB/T 7687.2 Straight-shank Lifting Beam with Hooks
JB/T 7687.3 Straight-shank Hook Nut
JB/T 7687.4 Locating Plate for Straight-shank Hook Nut
JB/T 8110.1 Spring Buffer for Crane
JB/T 8110.2 Rubber buffer for Crane
JB/T 8398 Double-plate Pressed Steel Sheave
JB/T 9005 Casting Sheaves for Cranes
JB/T 9006 Casting Drums for Cranes
JB/T 10833 Polyurethane Buffer for Crane
JG/T 5078.1 Construction Machinery and Equipment Welded Sheaves
YB/T 5055 Crane Rails
3 Classifications
3.1 Division of Work Class
Cranes complete handling operation through lifting and shifting the articles. to adapt different service condition and working requirement of cranes, the work class of the crane and its component parts shall be divided:
——Classification of complete crane machine;
——Classification of mechanisms;
——Classification of structural element or machine element
3.2 Classification of Complete Crane Machine
3.2.1 Utilization Class of Crane
The design expected life of crane is referred to the total working cycle number from use starting to final rejection. A working cycle of crane refers to a whole process from hoisting a article to starting another article, including crane operation an normal outage.
The utilization class of the crane can be divided into ten classes (U0, U1, U2 ... U9) according to the total working cycle number that it can complete. Please refer to Table 1.
Table 1: Utilization Class of Crane
Contents
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Classifications
3.1 Division of Work Class
3.2 Classification of Complete Crane Machine
3.3 Classifications of mechanisms
3.4 Classification of structural element or mechanism element
4 Calculated load and load combination in crane design
4.1 Principles
4.2 Calculated load and load coefficient
4.3 Basic design method, load case load assembly in the metal structure design of crane
4.4 Load, load case and load assembly in mechanical design of crane
5 Structures
5.1 Metal structure members of the crane
5.2 Principle of structural calculation
5.3 Material and permissible stress
5.4 Structural member and joint strength calculation
5.5 Rigidity calculation of crane and the structural elements
5.6 Calculation for stability-protection of element
5.7 Calculation on flection-resisting of slab piece and shell
5.8 Calculation for fatigue strength of the structure
5.9 Construction requirement
6 Mechanism
6.1 Principles for Design Calculation of the Mechanism
6.2 Design calculation on the universal parts of crane
6.3 Calculation for selection of specific part of crane
7 Electricity
7.1 General provisions
7.2 Power source and power supplying
7.3 Power distribution system
7.4 Electric protection
7.5 Electric control
7.6 Work environment for the electronic equipments
7.7 Electromotor selection
7.8 Wires, cables and their laying
7.9 Electric load lifting devices
7.10 Auxiliary electronic equipments
Chapter 8 Integrated antidumping stability and wind resistance and antiskid security
8.1 The integrated antidumping stability of cranes
8.2 Wind resistance and antiskid security of the cranes
9 Safeties
9.1 Design calculation of security of the crane
9.2 Marks, nameplates, safety marks, boundary dimension and clear distance of the cranes
9.3 Safety requirements for structures
9.4 Safety requirements for machines
9.5 Safety requirements for electricity
9.6 The safety and arrangement of control and manipulation
9.7 Installation requirements for the safety devices
9.8 Maintenance documentation of the cranes
9.9 Effective life of the cranes
Annex A (Informative) Classification illustration of cranes
Annex B (Informative) Classification illustration of crane Mechanism
Annex C (Informative) The classification illustration of the hoisting condition of some cranes
Annex D (Normative) Horizontal lateral load in deflected operation
Annex E (Informative) Materials of wind load calculation
Annex F (Normative) The application of working stress design and limit state design method
Annex G (Normative) Load and load combination calculation of metal structure of all kinds of typical cranes
Annex H (Normative) The value of capacity checking coefficients γn, γm and γ pi for load combination
Annex I (Informative) Evaluation on factors influencing the brittle failure and the selection of quality classes of the steel products
Annex J (Normative) Gage length of the compression element and converted slenderness ratio of the cancelled elements
Annex K (Normative) Stability factor of axial compression element
Annex L (Normative) Lateral buckling stability factor (integral stability factor) b of bending element
Annex M (Informative) Global stability calculation of bending element
Annex N (Normative) Buckling factor of local stability calculation for the lamella
Annex O (Normative) The stress concentration condition grades and element joint types of structural joint for structural fatigue strength calculation
Annex P (Normative) Initial separation for institutional electromotor like crane
Annex Q (Informative) JC, CZ and G values in the calculation for motor capacity selection of crane mechanism
Annex R (Normative) Overload verification of electromotor
Annex S (Normative) Calorification verification of electromotor
Annex T (Normative) Determination of shape factor Ks, size factor Kd, surface condition factor Ku and corrosion factor Kc
Annex U (Informative) Adjustment on current capacity of conductor
Annex V (Informative) The overturning wire of the mobile cranes
Annex W (Informative) Symbols and codes
References
1 Scope
This standard defines the required rules that must be complied with in the designs of complete machine, structure, mechanism, electrics, safety of cranes, and specifies the design and calculation requirement / method. This standard may be regulated as the technical base of analysis and assessment.
The standard is applicable to overhead type crane, jib type crane and cable type crane, but doesn’t refer to the special design problem of the above cranes. This standard may be referenced as for the design of other cranes.
2 Normative References
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this national standard. For dated reference, subsequent amendments (excluding amending error in the text) to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not be applied. However, the parties whose enter into agreement according to these specifications are encouraged to research whether the latest editions of these references are applied or not. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document is applicable to this national standard.
GB/T 699 Quality Carbon Structure Steels
GB 700 Carbon Structure Steel
GB/T 985 Basic Forms and Sizes of Weld Grooves for Gas Welding Manual Arc Welding And Gas -- Shielded Arc Welding
GB/T 986 Basic Forms and Sizes of Weld Grooves for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 1231 Specifications of High Strength Bolts with Large Hexagon Head, Large Hexagon Nuts, Plain Washers for Steel Structures
GB/T 1591 High Strength Low Alloy Steel (GB/T 1591-1994, neq ISO 4950: 1981)
GB/T 2585 Hot-rolled Steel Rails for Railway
GB/T 2893 Safety Color (GB 2893-2001, neq ISO 3864: 1984)
GB/T 2894 Safety Mark (GB 2894-1996, neq ISO 3864: 1984)
GB/T 3077 Alloy Structure Steels
GB/T 3098.1 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Bolts, Screws and Studs (GB/T 3098.1-2000, idt ISO 898-1: 1999)
GB/T 3098.2 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Nuts - Coarse Thread (GB/T 3098.2-2000, idt ISO 898-2: 1992)
GB/T 3480 Calculation Methods of Load Capacity for Involute Cylindrical Gears (GB/T 3480-1997, eqv ISO 6336-1～ 6336-3: 1996)
GB/T 3633 Technical Requirement for Sets of Torshear Type High Strength Bolt Hexagon Nut and Plain Washer for Steel Structures
GB/T 4205 Man-machine Interface (MM) - Actuating Principles
GB/T 4208 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP Code) (GB 4208-1993, eqv IEC 60529: 1989)
GB/T 4942.1 Classification of Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures of Rotating Electrical Machines (IP Code)
GB/T 5117 Carbon Steel Covered Electrode
GB/T 5118 Low-alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrode
GB/T 5226.2 Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part 32: Requirements for Hoisting Machines (GB 5226.2 - 2002, idt IEC 60204-32: 1998)
GB/T 5269 Double-pitch Precision Roller Chains Attachments and Associated Chain Sprockets for Transmission and Conveyors (GB/T 5269 - 1999, idt ISO 1275: 1995)
GB/T 5293 Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxs for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 8110 Welding Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielding Arc Welding of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel
GB/T 8918 Steel Wire Ropes for Important Purposes (GB 8918-2006, ISO 3154: 1988, MOD)
GB/T 9439 Grey Iron Castings
GB/T 10051.1 Lifting Hooks Mechanical Properties, Lifting Capacities, Stresses and Materials
GB/T 10062 Methods for the Calculation of Load Capacity for Bevel Gears ( GB/T 10062.1 ~ GB/T 10062.3-2003; ISO 10300–1 ~ ISO 10300 - 3:2001,IDT)
GB/T 11264 Light Rail
GB/T 11352 Carbon Steel Castings for General Engineering Purposes (GB/T 11352-1989, neq ISO 3755:1975)
GB/T 14048.4 Low-voltage Switchgear and Control-gear - Electromechanical Contactors and Motor Starters (GB/T 14048.4-2003, IEC 60947–4–1:2000, IDT)
GB/T 14408 Low Alloy Steel Castings for General Engineering and Structural Purposes
GB 15052 Lifting Appliances - Dangerous Positions and Signs
GB/T 17909.1 Cranes -- Crane driving manual -- Part 1: General (GB 17909.1-1999, idt IS0 9928– 1:1990)
GB/T 18453.1 Cranes -- Maintenance manual -- Part 1: General (GB/T 18453.1-2001, idt ISO 12478-1:1997)
GB/T 19418 Arc-welded Joints in Steel - Guidance on Quality Levels for Imperfections (GB/T 19418-2003, ISO 5817:1992, IDT)
GB/T 20118 Steel Wire Ropes for General Purpose (GB/T 20118—2006, ISO/DIS 2408:2002 Steel Wire Ropes General Purpose - Minimum requirements, MOD)
GB/T 20303.1 Cranes - Cabins - Part 1: Genera (GB/T 20303.1-2006, ISO 8566-1:1992,IDT)
GB/T 20947 Short-link Chain for Lifting Purposes - Grade T (Types T DAT and DT) Fine-tolerance Hoist Chain
GB 50058 Design Code for Power Facilities in the Circumstances with Explosion and Fire Danger
JB/T 6392 Wheels for Cranes
JB/T 7017 Hydraulic Buffer for Crane
JB/T 7687.1 Blanks of Straight-shank Lifting Beam with Hooks
JB/T 7687.2 Straight-shank Lifting Beam with Hooks
JB/T 7687.3 Straight-shank Hook Nut
JB/T 7687.4 Locating Plate for Straight-shank Hook Nut
JB/T 8110.1 Spring Buffer for Crane
JB/T 8110.2 Rubber buffer for Crane
JB/T 8398 Double-plate Pressed Steel Sheave
JB/T 9005 Casting Sheaves for Cranes
JB/T 9006 Casting Drums for Cranes
JB/T 10833 Polyurethane Buffer for Crane
JG/T 5078.1 Construction Machinery and Equipment Welded Sheaves
YB/T 5055 Crane Rails
3 Classifications
3.1 Division of Work Class
Cranes complete handling operation through lifting and shifting the articles. to adapt different service condition and working requirement of cranes, the work class of the crane and its component parts shall be divided:
——Classification of complete crane machine;
——Classification of mechanisms;
——Classification of structural element or machine element
3.2 Classification of Complete Crane Machine
3.2.1 Utilization Class of Crane
The design expected life of crane is referred to the total working cycle number from use starting to final rejection. A working cycle of crane refers to a whole process from hoisting a article to starting another article, including crane operation an normal outage.
The utilization class of the crane can be divided into ten classes (U0, U1, U2 ... U9) according to the total working cycle number that it can complete. Please refer to Table 1.
Table 1: Utilization Class of Crane
Contents of GB/T 3811-2008
Contents
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Classifications
3.1 Division of Work Class
3.2 Classification of Complete Crane Machine
3.3 Classifications of mechanisms
3.4 Classification of structural element or mechanism element
4 Calculated load and load combination in crane design
4.1 Principles
4.2 Calculated load and load coefficient
4.3 Basic design method, load case load assembly in the metal structure design of crane
4.4 Load, load case and load assembly in mechanical design of crane
5 Structures
5.1 Metal structure members of the crane
5.2 Principle of structural calculation
5.3 Material and permissible stress
5.4 Structural member and joint strength calculation
5.5 Rigidity calculation of crane and the structural elements
5.6 Calculation for stability-protection of element
5.7 Calculation on flection-resisting of slab piece and shell
5.8 Calculation for fatigue strength of the structure
5.9 Construction requirement
6 Mechanism
6.1 Principles for Design Calculation of the Mechanism
6.2 Design calculation on the universal parts of crane
6.3 Calculation for selection of specific part of crane
7 Electricity
7.1 General provisions
7.2 Power source and power supplying
7.3 Power distribution system
7.4 Electric protection
7.5 Electric control
7.6 Work environment for the electronic equipments
7.7 Electromotor selection
7.8 Wires, cables and their laying
7.9 Electric load lifting devices
7.10 Auxiliary electronic equipments
Chapter 8 Integrated antidumping stability and wind resistance and antiskid security
8.1 The integrated antidumping stability of cranes
8.2 Wind resistance and antiskid security of the cranes
9 Safeties
9.1 Design calculation of security of the crane
9.2 Marks, nameplates, safety marks, boundary dimension and clear distance of the cranes
9.3 Safety requirements for structures
9.4 Safety requirements for machines
9.5 Safety requirements for electricity
9.6 The safety and arrangement of control and manipulation
9.7 Installation requirements for the safety devices
9.8 Maintenance documentation of the cranes
9.9 Effective life of the cranes
Annex A (Informative) Classification illustration of cranes
Annex B (Informative) Classification illustration of crane Mechanism
Annex C (Informative) The classification illustration of the hoisting condition of some cranes
Annex D (Normative) Horizontal lateral load in deflected operation
Annex E (Informative) Materials of wind load calculation
Annex F (Normative) The application of working stress design and limit state design method
Annex G (Normative) Load and load combination calculation of metal structure of all kinds of typical cranes
Annex H (Normative) The value of capacity checking coefficients γn, γm and γ pi for load combination
Annex I (Informative) Evaluation on factors influencing the brittle failure and the selection of quality classes of the steel products
Annex J (Normative) Gage length of the compression element and converted slenderness ratio of the cancelled elements
Annex K (Normative) Stability factor of axial compression element
Annex L (Normative) Lateral buckling stability factor (integral stability factor) b of bending element
Annex M (Informative) Global stability calculation of bending element
Annex N (Normative) Buckling factor of local stability calculation for the lamella
Annex O (Normative) The stress concentration condition grades and element joint types of structural joint for structural fatigue strength calculation
Annex P (Normative) Initial separation for institutional electromotor like crane
Annex Q (Informative) JC, CZ and G values in the calculation for motor capacity selection of crane mechanism
Annex R (Normative) Overload verification of electromotor
Annex S (Normative) Calorification verification of electromotor
Annex T (Normative) Determination of shape factor Ks, size factor Kd, surface condition factor Ku and corrosion factor Kc
Annex U (Informative) Adjustment on current capacity of conductor
Annex V (Informative) The overturning wire of the mobile cranes
Annex W (Informative) Symbols and codes
References
