Detail of GB/T 43857-2024

Introduction of GB/T 43857-2024

Safety and management requirements for teaching facilities 1 Scope This document proposes the safety principles for school teaching facilities and specifies general requirements, technical requirements for safety, safety management requirements, and safe use requirements of such facilities. This document is applicable to the design, arrangement, acquisition, use, and management of teaching facilities in newly built, modified, and expanded higher education institutions, vocational colleges, and general primary and secondary schools. It may serve as a reference for teaching facilities in training institutions, practical training centers, and other relevant teaching institutions. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 150 (All parts) Pressure vessels GB/T 1002 Single phase plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Types, basic parameters and dimensions GB/T 1003 Three phases plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Types, basic parameters and dimensions GB 2626 Respiratory protection - Non-powered air-purifying particle respirator GB 2811 Head protection - Safety helmets GB 2890 Respiratory protection - Non-powered air-purifying gas mask GB/T 2893.1 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings GB/T 2893.2 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels GB/T 2893.5 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 5: Principles and requirements for the use of safety signs GB 2894-2008 Safety signs and guideline for the use GB/T 3324 General technical requirements for wooden furniture GB/T 3325 General technical requirements for metal furniture GB/T 3836.1 Explosive atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment - General requirements GB/T 3836.2 Explosive atmospheres - Part 2: Equipment protection by flameproof enclosures “d” GB/T 3836.4 Explosive atmospheres - Part 4: Equipment protection by intrinsic safety “i” GB 3836.14 Explosive atmospheres - Part 14: Classification of areas - Explosive gas atmosphere GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) GB 4351.1 Portable fire extinguishers - Part 1: Performance and Construction GB 4706.1 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General requirements GB 4793.1 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - Part 1: General requirements GB 4943.1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements GB/T 5226.1-2019 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 5296.1 Instructions for use of products of consumer interest - Part 1: General principles GB/T 5959.1-2019 Safety in installations for electroheating and electromagnetic processing - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 6067 (All parts) Safety rules for lifting appliances GB 6095 Fall protection - Personal fall protection systems GB 6566 Limits of radionuclides in building materials GB 7247.1-2012 Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements GB/T 8196 Safety of machinery - Guards - General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards GB/T 8897.1 Primary batteries - Part 1: General GB 8965.1 Protective clothing - Flame retardant protective clothing GB 8978 Integrated wastewater discharge standard GB/T 9237 Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements GB 9706.204 Medical electrical equipment - Part 2-4: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of cardiac defibrillators GB 10409 Burglary-resistant safes GB 11806 Regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material GB 12014 Protective clothing - Static protective clothing GB/T 12265 Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body GB 12711-2018 Standard of safety for low and intermediate level solid radioactive waste packages GB 13690 General rule for classification and hazard communication of chemicals GB/T 13955 Installation and operation of residual current operated protective devices GB 14050 Types and safety technical requirements of system earthing GB/T 14644 Textiles - Burning behavior - 45° test determination of flame spread rate GB 14866-2006 The specifications for personal eye-protectors GB 14925 Laboratory animal - Environment and housing facilities GB 15577 Safety regulations for dust explosion prevention and protection GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction GB 16297 Integrated emission standard of air pollutants GB/T 16556 Self-contained open-circuit compressed air breathing apparatus GB/T 16754 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design GB 16796 Security alarm equipment - Safety requirements and test methods GB/T 16855.1 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design GB/T 16895.3 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Earthing arrangements and protective conductors GB/T 16895.9 Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7: Requirements for special installations or locations - Section 707: Earthing requirements for the electrical installation of data processing equipment GB 17051 Hygienic specification for facilities of secondary water supply GB 17565 General specifications for burglary-resistant security doors GB 17859 Classified criteria for security protection of computer information system GB 18216.4 Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V a.c and 1 500 V d.c - Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures - Part 4: Resistance of earth connection and equipotential bonding GB 18401 National general safety technical code for textile products GB 18580 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of formaldehyde emission of wood-based panels and finishing products GB 18581 Limit of harmful substances of woodenware coatings GB 18582 Limit of harmful substances of architectural wall coatings GB 18583 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of adhesives GB 18584 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of wood based furniture GB 18585 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of wallpapers GB 18586 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of polyvinyl chloride floor coverings GB 18587 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limitations of harmful substances emitted from carpets, carpet cushions and adhesives GB 18588 Limit of ammonia emitted from the concrete admixtures GB/T 18664-2002 Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment GB/T 18801 Air cleaner GB/T 18831 Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated with guards - Principles for design and selection GB 18871 Basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources GB/T 18883 Standards for indoor air quality GB/T 19258.1 Ultraviolet radiation sources for germicidal purpose - Part 1: Low pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp GB 19489 Laboratories - General requirements for biosafety GB 19815 Centrifuge - Safety requirements GB/T 19851.1-2022 Sports equipment and playground for middle school and primary school - Part 1: General requirements and test methods for sports equipment GB/T 20002.1-2008 Drafting for special aspects in standards - Part 1: Child safety GB/T 20269 Information security technology - Information system security management requirements GB/T 20271 Information security technology - Common techniques requirement for information system security GB/T 20801.1 Pressure piping code - Industrial piping - Part 1: General GB/T 20801.6 Pressure piping code - Industrial piping - Part 6: Safeguarding GB 21746 Safety requirements for the educational equipment - General principles GB/T 21747 Educational laboratory equipment - Safety requirements and test methods for laboratory workbenches GB 21748 Safety requirement for the educational equipment - Basic requirements for equipment and spare parts GB 21749 Safety requirement for the educational equipment - Vitreous equipment and attachments GB/T 21976.1-2008 Escape apparatus for building fire - Part 1: Equipping guide GB/T 22239 Information security technology - Baseline for classified protection of cybersecurity GB/T 22845 Anti-electrostatic glove GB 23394 Self-contained closed-circuit breathing apparatus of compressed oxygen GB/T 23463 Protective clothing - Protective clothing against microwave radiation GB/T 23466 Guideline for selection of hearing protectors GB/T 23694-2013 Risk management - Vocabulary GB/T 23809.1 Emergency guidance systems - Setting principles and requirements - Part 1: Inside buildings GB/T 23809.2 Emergency guidance systems - Setting principles and requirements - Part 2: Outside buildings GB/T 23821 Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs GB 24539 Protective clothing - Chemical protective clothing GB 24541 Hand protection - Protective gloves against mechanical risks GB/T 25894 Escape and evacuation plan - Design principles and requirements GB 27421 Mobile laboratories - General requirements for biosafety GB/T 27428 General requirements for plant biosafety laboratory GB/T 27476.6 Safety in testing laboratories - Part 6: Ionising radiations aspects GB 28007 General technical requirements for children's furniture GB 28008 Safety requirements of glass furniture GB 28235 Hygienic requirements for ultraviolet appliance of disinfection GB 28881 Hand protection - Protective gloves against chemicals and micro-organisms GB/T 28920-2012 Operation and management for dangerous solids and liquids in educational experiments GB/T 29304-2012 Safety guide for explosion protection in explosive hazardous areas GB/T 29315-2022 Security requirements for primary and secondary schools and kindergartens GB 30000 (All parts) Rules for classification and labeling of chemicals GB 30077 Requirements on emergency rescue materials equipment for hazardous chemical enterprises GB 30533 General health and safety specification for school design GB/T 30574-2021 Safety of machinery - Implementation criteria for safeguarding GB 30863 Personal protective equipment - Eye and face protection - Laser eye-protectors GB/T 31190 Technical specifications for collecting laboratory chemical waste GB/T 31422 Personal protective equipment - General technical requirements for hearing protectors GB/T 31523.1 Safety information identification systems - Part 1: Signs GB/T 31523.2 Safety information identification systems - Part 2: Setting principles and requirements GB/T 31523.3 Safety information identification systems - Part 3: Design principles and requirements GB/T 32187 General specification for chemical agent alarm GB/T 32487 General technical requirements for plastic furniture GB/T 34525 Safety rules for handling, loading and unloading, storing and using of cylinder GB/T 34662 Electrotechnical equipment - Temperatures of touchable hot surfaces GB 35114 Technical requirements for information security of video surveillance network system for public security GB/T 35528-2017 Safety guidelines for cryogenic liquefied gases GB/T 37212 General technical specification of outdoor air conditioning equipment GB/T 38134 General technical specification for professional clothing GB/T 38144.1 Eye and face protection - Emergency shower and eyewash equipment - Part 1: Technical requirements GB/T 38144.2 Eye and face protection - Emergency shower and eyewash equipment - Part 2: Guidance for use GB/T 38306 Hand protection - Protective gloves against thermal risks GB 38452 Hand protection - Protective gloves against ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination GB/T 38696.1 Eye and face protection - Intense light sources (non-laser) protector - Part 1: Technical requirements GB/T 39437 Technical specification for lightning protection of water supply and drainage system GB 39800.1 Specification for the provision of personal protective equipment - Part 1: General requirement GB/T 40378 Technical specification of treatment equipments for chemistry laboratory waste water GB/T 40890 General quality requirements and test methods for the teaching vitreous equipment GB/T 41108.1 Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for interlocking devices - Part 1: Direct opening position switches GB/T 41108.2 Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for interlocking devices - Part 2: Interlocking devices with guard-locking GB/T 41108.3 Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for interlocking devices - Part 3: Trapped key interlocking devices and systems GB/T 41118 Safety of machinery - Guideline for the design of safety control systems GB/T 41344.1 Safety of machinery - Risk early-warning - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 41344.2 Safety of machinery - Risk early-warning - Part 2: Monitor GB/T 41344.3 Safety of machinery - Risk early-warning - Part 3: Classification GB/T 41344.4 Safety of machinery - Risk early-warning - Part 4: Measures GB 50016 Code for fire protection design of buildings GB 50030 Code for design of oxygen station GB 50058 Code for design of electrical installations in explosive atmospheres GB 50099 Code for design of school GB 50116 Code for design of automatic fire alarm system GB 50140 Code for design of extinguisher distribution in buildings GB 50166 Standard for installation and acceptance of fire alarm system GB 50169 Code for construction and acceptance of grounding connection electric equipment installation engineering GB 50177 Design code for hydrogen station GB 50222 Code for fire prevention in design of interior decoration of buildings GB 50254 Code for construction and acceptance of low-voltage apparatus - Electric equipment installation engineering GB 50325 Standard for indoor environmental pollution control of civil building engineering GB 50346 Architectural and technical code for biosafety laboratories GB 50348 Technical standard for security engineering GB 50394 Code of design for intrusion alarm systems engineering GB 50395 Code of design for video monitoring system GB 50396 Code of design for access control systems engineering GB/T 50526 Technical standard for public address system engineering GB 51309 Technical standard for fire emergency lighting and evacuate indicating system GB 51348 Standard for electrical design of civil buildings GB 55016 General code for building environment GB 55036-2022 General code for fire protection facilities GB 55037 General specification for building fire protection GBZ 2.1 Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace - Part 1: Chemical hazardous agents GBZ 2.2 Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace - Part 2: Physical agents GA/T 73 Burglary-resistant mechanical locks GA 374 Burglary-resistant electronic locks GA 1002 Public security protection requirements for hypertoxic chemicals and radioactive sources storage site GA 1511 Public security requirements for storage sites of potential explosives by chemosynthesis JB/T 4143 Bench grinders JB/T 6412 Fume hood JGJ 76 Standard for design of special education schools JGJ 91 Standard for design of scientific research buildings JGJ 310-2013 Code for electrical design of education buildings JY/T 0385 Standard for science lab equipment in primary & secondary schools QB/T 4071-2021 Chairs and tables for educational institutions XF 1205 Fire blankets JIANBIAO No.192 Construction standards for secondary vocational schools JIANBIAO No.197 Standards for the construction of higher vocational schools 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 23694 and the following apply. 3.1 teaching facilities collective term for apparatus, equipment, installations, and supporting facilities that support and ensure the normal conduct of teaching activities in areas where schools and related educational institutions carry out teaching activities (excluding dormitories, canteens, and staff offices) 3.2 risk effect of uncertainty on objectives Note 1: An effect is a deviation from the expected—positive and/or negative. Note 2: Objectives can have different aspects (such as financial, health and safety, and environmental goals) and can apply at different levels (such as strategic, organization-wide, project, product, and process). Note 3: Risk is often characterized by reference to potential events and consequences, or a combination of these. Note 4: Risk is often expressed in terms of a combination of the consequences of an event (including changes in circumstances) and the associated likelihood of occurrence. Note 5: Uncertainty is the state, even partial, of deficiency of information related to, understanding or knowledge of, an event, its consequence, or likelihood. [Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 2.1] 3.3 risk source element which alone or in combination has the intrinsic potential to give rise to risk (3.2) Note: A risk source can be tangible or intangible. [Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 4.5.1.2] 3.4 risk assessment overall process of risk identification (3.5), risk analysis (3.6) and risk evaluation (3.7) [Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 4.4.1] 3.5 risk identification process of finding, recognizing, and describing risks (3.2) Note 1: Risk identification involves the identification of risk sources, events, their causes and their potential consequences. Note 2: Risk identification can involve historical data, theoretical analysis, informed and expert opinions, and stakeholders' needs. [Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 4.5.1, modified] 3.6 risk analysis process to comprehend the nature of risk (3.2) and to determine the level of risk (3.2) Note 1: Risk analysis provides the basis for risk evaluation and decisions about risk treatment. Note 2: Risk analysis includes risk estimation. [Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 4.6.1]

Contents of GB/T 43857-2024

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Security principles 5 General requirements 6 Technical requirements for safety 6.1 Design and layout 6.2 Equipment installation 6.3 Facilities related to equipment 6.4 Electrical safety 6.5 Mechanical safety 6.6 Risks of strong light and radiation 6.7 Protection against released gases and substances, explosions, and implosions 6.8 Surface temperature protection 6.9 Heating and refrigeration facilities 6.10 Facilities related to hazardous chemicals 6.11 Facilities related to dust safety 6.12 Glass equipment 6.13 Storage tank for gases 6.14 Special equipment 6.15 Supply and drainage facilities 6.16 Gas supply facilities 6.17 Bio-safety 6.18 Sports equipment 6.19 School furniture 6.20 Personal protective equipment 6.21 Emergency safety facilities 6.22 Security and protection systems 6.23 Security information management system 6.24 Safety information identification systems 6.25 Instructions for use of equipment 7 Safety management requirements 7.1 Objectives 7.2 Management requirements 7.3 Risk assessment 7.4 Systems and plans 7.5 Training and education 7.6 Accident handling 7.7 Evaluation and improvement 8 Requirements for safety in use 8.1 Basic requirements 8.2 Fixedly installed facilities 8.3 Non-fixedly installed facilities Annex A (Normative) Risk assessment A.1 General requirements A.2 Risk assessment processes A.3 Risk identification basis A.4 Risk identification scope A.5 Risk identification A.6 Risk analysis A.7 Risk evaluation A.8 Risk treatment A.9 Risk assessment documents A.10 Risk assessment report A.11 Rectification of risk hazards Annex B (Informative) Common safety hazards associated with the utilization of teaching facilities in teaching areas of primary and secondary schools and corresponding countermeasures B.1 Mechanical safety hazards B.2 Safety hazards of extreme temperature (hot and cold) B.3 Safety hazards of electric B.4 Safety hazards of chemicals B.5 Safety hazards of radiation B.6 Safety hazards of bright light B.7 Safety hazards of noise B.8 Safety hazards of drowning B.9 Safety hazards of microbial B.10 Safety hazards of explosion B.11 Other safety hazards Bibliography