Detail of GB/T 19072-2022

Introduction of GB/T 19072-2022

Wind turbines - Tower 1 Scope This document specifies the design principles, design requirements, process requirements, test methods, inspection rules, completion data, accompanying documents, marking, packaging, storage and transportation requirements on towers of wind turbines. This document is applicable to the design, manufacture, construction and acceptance of towers of horizontal axis wind turbines. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute indispensable provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies. GB 175 Common portland cement GB/T 470 Zinc ingots GB/T 700 Carbon structural steels GB/T 709 Dimension, shape, weight and tolerance for hot-rolled steel strip, plate and sheet GB/T 985.1 Recommended joint preparation for gas welding, manual metal arc welding, gas-shield arc welding and beam welding GB/T 985.2 Recommended joint preparation for submerged arc welding GB/T 1228 High strength bolts with large hexagon head for steel structures GB/T 1231 Specifications of high strength bolts with large hexagon head, large hexagon nuts, plain washers for steel structures GB/T 1591 High strength low alloy structural steels GB/T 3098.1 Mechanical properties of fasteners - Bolts, screws and studs GB/T 3098.2 Mechanical properties of fasteners - Nuts GB/T 3274 Hot-rolled plates, sheets and strips of carbon structural steels and high strength low alloy structural steels GB/T 5117 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels GB/T 5118 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of creep-resisting steels GB/T 5210 Paints and varnishes - Pull-off test for adhesion GB/T 5224 Steel strand for prestressed concrete GB/T 5293 Solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and electrode/flux combinations for submerged arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels GB/T 5313-2010 Steel plates with through-thickness characteristics GB/T 5782 Hexagon head bolts GB 8076 Concrete admixtures GB/T 8110 Wire electrodes and weld deposits for gas shielded metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels GB/T 9286 Paints and varnishes - Cross-cut test GB/T 9445 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of personnel GB/T 9754 Paints and varnishes - Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20°, 60°and 85° GB/T 10045 Tubular cored electrodes for non-alloy and fine grain steels GB/T 10171 Building construction machinery and equipment - Concrete mixing plant (tower) GB/T 12467 (All parts) Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials GB/T 13306 Plates GB/T 14370 Anchorage, grip and coupler for prestressing tendons GB/T 14902 Ready-mixed concrete GB/T 14977-2008 General requirement for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates GB/T 17888 (All parts) Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery GB/T 18253-2018 Steel and steel products - Types of inspection documents GB/T 18451.1 Wind turbine generator systems - Design requirements GB/T 18591 Welding - Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass temperature and preheat maintenance temperature GB/T 19804 Welding - General tolerances for welded constructions - Dimensions for lengths and angles - Shape and position GB/T 26408 Concrete truck mixer GB/T 31817 Specification of coating for corrosion protection of windpower equipment GB/T 32076 (All parts) High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading GB 50009 Load code for the design of building structures GB 50010 Code for design of concrete structures GB 50011 Code for seismic design of buildings GB/T 50046 Code for anticorrosion design of industrial constructions GB 50119 Code for utility technical of concrete admixture GB 50135 Code for design of high-rising structures GB 50164 Standard for quality control of concrete GB 50204 Code for acceptance of constructional quality of concrete structures GB 50212 Code for construction of building anticorrosive engineering GB/T 50448 Code for application technique of cementitious grout GB 50666 Code for construction of concrete structures JB/T 10045-2017 Thermal cutting - Geometrical product specification and quality tolerances JB/T 11218 Wind power tower - Annular flange JG/T 161 Unbonded prestressing steel strand JG/T 430 Anticorrosion lubricating grease for unbonded tendons JGJ/T 10 Technical specification for construction of concrete pumping JGJ 18 Specification for welding and acceptance of reinforcing steel bars JGJ 55 Specification for mix proportion design of ordinary concrete JGJ 63 Standard of water for concrete JGJ 85 Technical specification for application of anchorage, grip and coupler for prestressing tendons JGJ/T 140 Standard for seismic design of prestressed concrete structures JGJ/T 281 Technical specification for application of high strength concrete JGJ 369 Code for design of prestressed concrete structures NB/T 31082 High-strength bolting assemblies for tower on wind turbine NB/T 47013.2 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 2: Radiographic testing NB/T 47013.3-2015 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing NB/T 47013.4 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 4: Magnetic particle testing NB/T 47013.5 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 5: Penetrant testing NB/T 47013.10 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 10: Ultrasonic time of flight diffraction technique NB/T 47014 Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipment NB/T 47015 Welding specification for pressure vessels NB/T 47016 Mechanical property tests of product welded test coupons for pressure equipment ISO 2808 Paints and varnishes - Determination of film thickness ISO 2813 Paints and varnishes - Determination of gloss value at 20°, 60° and 85° ISO 3834 Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials ISO 4628 (All parts) Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance ISO 9712 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel ISO 12944 Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems ISO 13588 Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Use of automated phased array technology ISO 14555 Welding - Arc stud welding of metallic materials ISO 15614-1 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure test - Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys ISO/TR 17671-2 Welding - Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels ISO 19840 Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - Measurement of, and acceptance criteria for, the thickness of dry films on rough surfaces EN 1991-1-4:2005 Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions EN 1993-1-6 Design of steel structures - Part 1-6: Strength and stability of shell structures EN 1993-1-9 Design of steel structures - Part 1-9: Fatigue IIW-2259-15 Recommendations for fatigue design of welded joints and components 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 tower part of the supporting structure of wind turbine, which connects the substructure with the main engine 3.2 tower section steel tower section bounded by flange contact surfaces at both ends 3.3 longitudinal weld continuous weld formed by welding at the butt joint of rolled steel plate 3.4 tube cone-shaped or straight-shaped single component formed from steel plates with a specific shape by rolling and longitudinal welding 3.5 circumferential weld continuous weld formed by welding the butt joints of paired tubes and of tube and flange neck 3.6 concrete tower structure for supporting wind turbine, with prestressing tendon concrete tower as the main stress system 3.7 concrete element concrete tower elements for wind turbine tower that are prefabricated and cast-in-place in the factory or on the spot according to the standard specifications and design drawings 3.8 concrete tube section of tubular element which is manufactured in advance in the factory or on the spot or formed by assembling concrete elements on the assembling platform 3.9 splice joint horizontal joint between upper and lower tubes and vertical joint between left and right adjacent elements of prefabricated concrete tower 3.10 horizontal joint splice joint between upper and lower tubes of prefabricated concrete tower 3.11 vertical joint splice joint between left and right adjacent elements of prefabricated concrete tower 3.12 grouting material binding material used for connecting elements on both sides of the splice joint 3.13 seating material binding material applied on the horizontal joint to connect the upper and lower tubes 3.14 insert part element pre-embedded in reinforced concrete 3.15 prestressing tendon general term of steel bar, steel wire and steel strand used in concrete structural elements for application of prestress 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. Asp——the stress area of thread, mm2 b——the thickness of welding neck (generally referring to the thickness of welded tube wall), mm btot——the flange width, mm c——the height of the reserved groove of weld, mm cs——the width of the door frame stiffener, mm E——the elasticity modulus of tower materials, MPa fR——the maximum rotational frequency of the wind wheel within the normal operating range, Hz f0,1——the first-order natural frequency of the tower (in complete machine state), Hz fR, m——the passage frequency of m wind wheel blades, Hz fo, n——the nth-order natural frequency of the tower (in complete machine state), Hz Fp, C——the designed pretightening force of bolt, N l——the distance between the reserved groove of the weld and the transitional radius, mm r——the transitional radius, mm t——the wall thickness of the tower drum, mm tf——the flange thickness, mm ts——the thickness of the door frame stiffener, mm ttot——the flange thickness, including welding neck, mm Z——the axial force of tower drum wall, N εtot——the total strain, με σhs——the structural stress in linear elastic analysis of materials, N/m2 σy, d——the design yield strength of materials, MPa σy, b——the design yield strength of bolt materials, Mpa fc——the design compressive strength of concrete, MPa ft——the design tensile strength of concrete, MPa fck——the standard compressive strength of concrete, MPa ftk——the standard tensile strength of concrete, MPa fy——the design compressive and tensile strength of plain bars, MPa fpy——the design tensile strength of prestressing tendon, N/m2 fptk——the standard tensile strength of prestressing tendon, MPa Rd——the design bearing capacity of elements, N C——the limit of deformation, stress, crack width and natural frequency of concrete tower to meet the normal service requirements, N 4.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply. GMNA Geometrically and Materially Nonlinear Analysis GMNIA Geometrically and Materially Nonlinear Analysis with Imperfections Included MNA Materially Nonlinear Analysis MT Magnetic Particle Testing PAUT Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing PT Penetrant Testing PWI Production Work Instruction RT Radiographic Testing SN Curve Stress-Life Curve TOFD Time of Flight Diffraction UT Ultrasonic Testing VT Visual Testing WPQR Welding Procedure Qualification Report WPS Welding Procedure Specification 5 Design principles 5.1 The design service life of the tower shall not be less than that of the wind turbine. 5.2 The tower shall meet the following functional requirements within the specified design service life: ——it shall be able to bear various possible loads and actions during normal construction and use; ——it shall have good working performance during normal use; ——it shall have sufficient durability under normal maintenance; ——its structure shall be able to maintain the overall stability when an accident occurs. 5.3 The tower load shall be calculated and analyzed according to the relevant requirements of GB/T 18451.1.

Contents of GB/T 19072-2022

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Symbols and abbreviations 5 Design principles 6 Steel tower 7 Concrete tower Annex A (Informative) Damping ratio of tower structure Annex B (Informative) Simplified buckling analysis method of tower door frame opening Annex C (Informative) Fatigue strength analysis of steel tower Bibliography