Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization—Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization (SAC/TC 114).
Introduction
The battery swappable electric vehicle will produce certain impact, vibration and wear in the process of power swapping operation and road driving, which may lead to the structural and electrical safety risks of the power swapping system. The purpose of this document is to investigate the special safety of battery swappable electric vehicles in battery swapping, so as to ensure the safety of personnel and property in the operation of electric vehicles.
Other safety risks caused by power batteries and high-voltage electricity have been specified in relevant standards. GB 18384 specifies the general safety requirements for electric vehicles, GB/T 31498 specifies the safety requirement of electric vehicle post crash, and GB 38031 specifies the safety requirements for traction battery.
Safety requirements of battery swap for electric vehicles
1 Scope
This standard specifies the special safety requirements, test methods and inspection rules of the battery swappable electric vehicles (or "vehicles").
This standard is applicable to M1 battery swappable pure electric vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 18384-2020 Electric vehicles safety requirements
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 28382-2012 Battery electric passenger cars—Specifications
GB/T 30038 Road vehicles—Degrees of electrical equipment protection (IP-Code)
GB/T 37133-2018 Technical specifications of high duty cables and connectors for electric vehicles
GB 38031-2020 Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 19596 and the following apply.
3.1
battery swap
process of electric vehicle power supplement realized by special device or manual assistant quick replacement of power battery
Note: The time required for a complete battery swapping process is generally less than 5 min.
3.2
swappable battery pack
traction battery pack for electric vehicles
Note: Referred to as battery pack. It may be charged and discharged in the off-board state.
3.3
battery swap connector
connecting device for connecting the battery pack and the vehicle body, and transmitting electrical energy, electrical signals, communication data and thermal energy media
Note: Generally, it includes electrical connector, and may also include cooling interface for transmitting cooling medium.
3.4
battery swap mechanism
mechanical device for combining and separating the battery pack and the vehicle body
Note: It may have the functions of guiding, positioning, limiting, holding, fastening and locking.
3.5
on-board battery swap system
system composed of components related to the battery swap operation or function on the vehicle.
Note: Referred to as battery swap system. It may include the battery pack, the battery swap connector, the battery swap mechanism and the parts connected with the vehicle body, and may also include auxiliary electrical devices with functions such as position monitoring. See Figure 1 for the schematic diagram of on-board battery swap system.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of on-board battery swap system
4 Safety requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Battery swap system
4.1.1.1 The design and manufacture of the battery swap system shall meet the requirements of battery pack swap in a safe, fast and reliable way.
4.1.1.2 In the design life cycle, the battery swap system shall have the functions of electrical, communication and thermal management to meet the interoperability.
4.1.1.3 Under the driving mode and driving state, the vehicle shall keep the battery pack in normal position through mechanical device or electrical monitoring device. The loose or accidental unlocking of battery pack may be monitored by using electrical signals such as battery pack position, connection status of battery swap mechanism or electrical connector.
4.1.1.4 If there are wearing parts in the battery swap system, the scope, maintenance and replacement requirements of the wearing parts shall be given in the vehicle operation manual. Wearing parts shall be free from failure or fault within the maintenance period specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
4.1.1.5 The battery pack shall have the function of connecting with the vehicle electrical platform.
4.1.2 Battery swap mechanism and battery swap connector
4.1.2.1 The surface of battery swap mechanism and battery swap connector shall be free of burr, foreign matter, flash edge and other similar sharp edge.
4.1.2.2 The battery swap mechanism shall be firmly connected with the battery swap connector, and the structure or design shall be provided to prevent incorrect coupling.
4.1.2.3 The battery swap mechanism shall have the function of automatic unlocking and manual unlocking of special device at the same time. Two or more steps shall be taken for unlocking continuously and reliably to avoid misoperation.
Note: Screwing threads with tools is regarded as multi-step unlocking.
4.1.2.4 The electrical connector shall have correct electrical connection and disconnection sequence to avoid unexpected high and low voltage circuit conduction during battery swapping.
4.1.2.5 Accidental leakage of coolant in cooling connector (if any) shall not cause insulation failure of electrical connector or other potential safety hazard. Cleanliness of cooling connector and cooling system shall meet the design requirements of vehicle manufacturer.
4.2 Complete vehicle requirements
4.2.1 Battery swap operation
4.2.1.1 Electric vehicles shall be tested for battery swap operation according to 5.3.2, and the number of battery swap operations are shown in Table 1.
Foreword i Introduction ii 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Safety requirements 5 Test methods 6 Inspection rules Annex A (Normative) Complete vehicle test record Bibliography
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization—Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization (SAC/TC 114).
Introduction
The battery swappable electric vehicle will produce certain impact, vibration and wear in the process of power swapping operation and road driving, which may lead to the structural and electrical safety risks of the power swapping system. The purpose of this document is to investigate the special safety of battery swappable electric vehicles in battery swapping, so as to ensure the safety of personnel and property in the operation of electric vehicles.
Other safety risks caused by power batteries and high-voltage electricity have been specified in relevant standards. GB 18384 specifies the general safety requirements for electric vehicles, GB/T 31498 specifies the safety requirement of electric vehicle post crash, and GB 38031 specifies the safety requirements for traction battery.
Safety requirements of battery swap for electric vehicles
1 Scope
This standard specifies the special safety requirements, test methods and inspection rules of the battery swappable electric vehicles (or "vehicles").
This standard is applicable to M1 battery swappable pure electric vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 18384-2020 Electric vehicles safety requirements
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 28382-2012 Battery electric passenger cars—Specifications
GB/T 30038 Road vehicles—Degrees of electrical equipment protection (IP-Code)
GB/T 37133-2018 Technical specifications of high duty cables and connectors for electric vehicles
GB 38031-2020 Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 19596 and the following apply.
3.1
battery swap
process of electric vehicle power supplement realized by special device or manual assistant quick replacement of power battery
Note: The time required for a complete battery swapping process is generally less than 5 min.
3.2
swappable battery pack
traction battery pack for electric vehicles
Note: Referred to as battery pack. It may be charged and discharged in the off-board state.
3.3
battery swap connector
connecting device for connecting the battery pack and the vehicle body, and transmitting electrical energy, electrical signals, communication data and thermal energy media
Note: Generally, it includes electrical connector, and may also include cooling interface for transmitting cooling medium.
3.4
battery swap mechanism
mechanical device for combining and separating the battery pack and the vehicle body
Note: It may have the functions of guiding, positioning, limiting, holding, fastening and locking.
3.5
on-board battery swap system
system composed of components related to the battery swap operation or function on the vehicle.
Note: Referred to as battery swap system. It may include the battery pack, the battery swap connector, the battery swap mechanism and the parts connected with the vehicle body, and may also include auxiliary electrical devices with functions such as position monitoring. See Figure 1 for the schematic diagram of on-board battery swap system.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of on-board battery swap system
4 Safety requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Battery swap system
4.1.1.1 The design and manufacture of the battery swap system shall meet the requirements of battery pack swap in a safe, fast and reliable way.
4.1.1.2 In the design life cycle, the battery swap system shall have the functions of electrical, communication and thermal management to meet the interoperability.
4.1.1.3 Under the driving mode and driving state, the vehicle shall keep the battery pack in normal position through mechanical device or electrical monitoring device. The loose or accidental unlocking of battery pack may be monitored by using electrical signals such as battery pack position, connection status of battery swap mechanism or electrical connector.
4.1.1.4 If there are wearing parts in the battery swap system, the scope, maintenance and replacement requirements of the wearing parts shall be given in the vehicle operation manual. Wearing parts shall be free from failure or fault within the maintenance period specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
4.1.1.5 The battery pack shall have the function of connecting with the vehicle electrical platform.
4.1.2 Battery swap mechanism and battery swap connector
4.1.2.1 The surface of battery swap mechanism and battery swap connector shall be free of burr, foreign matter, flash edge and other similar sharp edge.
4.1.2.2 The battery swap mechanism shall be firmly connected with the battery swap connector, and the structure or design shall be provided to prevent incorrect coupling.
4.1.2.3 The battery swap mechanism shall have the function of automatic unlocking and manual unlocking of special device at the same time. Two or more steps shall be taken for unlocking continuously and reliably to avoid misoperation.
Note: Screwing threads with tools is regarded as multi-step unlocking.
4.1.2.4 The electrical connector shall have correct electrical connection and disconnection sequence to avoid unexpected high and low voltage circuit conduction during battery swapping.
4.1.2.5 Accidental leakage of coolant in cooling connector (if any) shall not cause insulation failure of electrical connector or other potential safety hazard. Cleanliness of cooling connector and cooling system shall meet the design requirements of vehicle manufacturer.
4.2 Complete vehicle requirements
4.2.1 Battery swap operation
4.2.1.1 Electric vehicles shall be tested for battery swap operation according to 5.3.2, and the number of battery swap operations are shown in Table 1.
Contents of GB/T 40032-2021
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety requirements
5 Test methods
6 Inspection rules
Annex A (Normative) Complete vehicle test record
Bibliography
