Detail of GB 50016-2014(2018)

Introduction of GB 50016-2014(2018)

1 General Provisions 1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to preventing fire accidents in buildings, reducing fire hazards and protecting personal and property safety. 1.0.2 This code is applicable to the following constructed, renovated and extended buildings: 1 Factory buildings; 2 Storages; 3 Civil buildings; 4 Class A, B, C liquid tanks (tank farm); 5 Combustible and combustion-supporting gas tanks (tank farm); 6 Stackyard for combustibles; 7 City road tunnels. If special national standards are available, the fire protection design of buildings for civil air defense engineering, petroleum and natural gas engineering, petrochemical engineering, thermal power plants and substations should comply with such standards. 1.0.3 This code is not applicable to the fire protection design of buildings such as factory buildings (storages) for gunpowder, explosive and their products as well as fireworks and firecrackers. 1.0.4 Where occupancies for different purposes are arranged in the same building, fire separation shall be provided between them. The fire protection design for this building and their functional occupancies shall be determined according to the relevant requirements of this code. 1.0.5 The fire protection design of buildings shall comply with the relevant national principles and policies, and guarantee, on the whole, safety and usability, advanced technology as well as economy and rationality according to the characteristics of buildings and fire hazards in them. 1.0.6 In addition to meeting the requirements of this code, the buildings with height larger than 250m shall also be taken with stricter fire prevention measures according to the actual conditions. Their fire protection design shall be submitted to the national fire authorities for subject study and demonstration. 1.0.7 In addition to the requirements of this code, the fire protection design of buildings shall also comply with those specified in the current relevant standards of the nation. 2 Terminologies and Symbols 2.1 Terminologies 2.1.1 High-rise building The residential buildings with height larger than 27m and the non-single-storey factory buildings, storages and other civil buildings with height larger than 24m. Note: The calculation of building height shall meet those specified in Appendix A of this code. 2.1.2 Podium The ancillary building with height not larger than 24m, which is beyond the projection of the main body of high-rise building but is connected with the main body. 2.1.3 Important public building The public building which may cause heavy casualties, property loss and severe social impact in case of fire. 2.1.4 Commercial facilities Small business houses such as stores, post offices, savings banks, barbershops located on the first floor or on the first floor and second floor of residential buildings, with the building area of each separated unit not larger than 300m2. 2.1.5 High rack storage Mechanical or automatic rack storage, with rack height larger than 7m. 2.1.6 Semi-basement A floor of a building, with the average height of the room ground below the outdoor design ground for 1/3~1/2 of the average clear height of such room. 2.1.7 Basement A floor of a building, with the average height of the room ground below the outdoor design ground greater than 1/2 of the average clear height of such room. 2.1.8 Open flame location A fixed location, indoor or outdoor, with exposed flame or red hot surface, excluding cooking appliance, induction cooker and the like in a civil building. 2.1.9 Sparking site A fixed location like chimney with spotting fire, or for such operations as outdoor grinding wheel, electric welding, gas welding and gas cutting. 2.1.10 Fire resistance rating A period starting from the time that the elements, accessories or structures of a building are exposed to fire, under standard fire resistance conditions, to the time that they lose bearing capacity, integrity or insulation, expressed in hours. 2.1.11 Fire partition wall Non-combustible wall in a building, with fire resistance rating not inferior to relevant requirements, for preventing fire from spreading to adjacent areas. 2.1.12 Fire wall Non-combustible wall in a building, with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h, for preventing fire from spreading to adjacent buildings or adjacent horizontal fire compartments. 2.1.13 Refuge floor (room) A floor (room) in a building, for temporarily protecting people from fire and its smoke in case of fire. 2.1.14 Safety exit Exit and entrance of staircase and external stair for safe evacuation of people or exit directly leading to internal and external safe areas. 2.1.15 Enclosed staircase Staircase set with a door at its entrance, for preventing fire smoke and heat from entering into it. 2.1.16 Smoke-proof staircase Staircase set with such facilities as smoke-proof front room, open balcony or concave corridor (collectively called as "front room") at its entrance and with all the doors leading to the front room and staircase of fire doors, for preventing fire smoke and heat from entering into it. 2.1.17 Exit passageway Passageway which is taken with smoke-proof measures and is also set with fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h on both sides for people to go to outside safely. 2.1.18 Flash point The lowest temperature (determined by closed cup method) of combustible liquid or solid where the mixture of vapor on their surface and air can flashover once meeting ignition source under specified test conditions. 2.1.19 Lower explosion limit The minimum concentration where the mixture of combustible vapor, gas or dust with air can explode once meeting ignition source. 2.1.20 Boil-over oil Water-contained oil products which can produce heat wave during combustion. 2.1.21 Fire separation distance A spacing distance for preventing a burning building from igniting its adjacent buildings within certain time and facilitating fire control. Note: The calculation method for fire separation distance shall meet those specified in Appendix B of this code. 2.1.22 Fire compartment Partial space in a building, separated by fire wall, floor slab and other fire separation facilities and capable of preventing fire from spreading to the rest parts of the building within certain time. 2.1.23 Full water spout A jet length from hose nozzle to a position where water spout equal to 90% of the jet flow passes through a round hole in diameter of 380mm. 2.2 Symbols A - the pressure relief area C - the pressure relief ratio D - the diameter of storage tank DN - the nominal diameter of pipe ΔH - the height difference of buildings L - the enclosed length of tunnel N - the number of people n - the number of seats K - the characteristic index of explosion V - the volume of building and stackyard or the volume or capacity of tank and bottle group W - the capacity of stackyard for combustibles or grain silo, bin and barn 3 Factory Buildings and Storages 3.1 Classification of Fire Hazards 3.1.1 Fire hazards of production shall be classified according to such factors as the properties and quantity of substances used or generated during production, may be classified into Categories A, B, C, D and E, and shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.1.1. Table 3.1.1 Classification of Fire Hazards of Production Fire hazard category of production Fire hazard characteristics of production using or generating the following substances A 1. Liquid with flash point less than 28℃; 2. Gas with lower explosion limit less than 10%; 3. Substances being capable of spontaneous decomposition at normal temperature or being capable of rapid spontaneous ignition or explosion after getting oxidized in the air; 4. Substances being capable of generating combustible gas and causing combustion or explosion at normal temperature under the action of water or the water vapor in the air; 5. Strong oxidizer which is apt to cause combustion or explosion in case of acid, heat, impact, friction, catalysis as well as such flammable inorganic substances as organic substance or sulfur; 6. Substances which can cause combustion or explosion in case of impact, friction or being exposed to oxidizer and organic substances; 7. Production where the operating temperature inside the enclosed equipment is not less than the spontaneous ignition temperature of the substance B 1. Liquid with flash point not less than 28℃ but less than 60℃; 2. Gas with lower explosion limit not less than 10%; 3. Oxidizer not belonging to Category A; 4. Flammable solid not belonging to Category A; 5. Combustion-supporting gas; 6. Floating dust and fiber which can form explosive mixture together with air, and liquid fog drop with flash point not less than 60℃ C 1. Liquid with flash point not less than 60℃; 2. Combustible solid D 1. Production where non-combustible substance is processed, with strong radiant heat, spark or flame frequently generated at high temperature or molten state; 2. Various production where gas, liquid and solid are used as fuel or gas and liquid are combusted for other purpose; 3. Production where or processing difficult-combustible substance is used at normal temperature E Production where or processing non-combustible substance is used at normal temperature 3.1.2 When production with different fire hazards is carried out in a factory building or in any fire compartment of the factory building, the fire hazard category of production in factory building or in fire compartment shall be determined according to the part with higher fire hazard; when the quantity of flammables or combustibles used or generated during production process is small and is insufficient to constitute explosion or fire hazard, the fire hazard category may be determined according to the actual conditions; when one of the following conditions is met, the fire hazard category may be determined according to the part with lower fire hazard: 1 The production part with higher fire hazard accounts for less than 5% of the building area of this floor or this fire compartment or the painting section in Categories D and E factory buildings accounts for less than 10%, and fire cannot spread to other parts during fire accident or the production part with higher fire hazard has been taken with effective fire prevention measures; 2 The painting section in Categories D and E factory buildings is adopted with enclosed paint spraying process, negative pressure is kept inside the enclosed paint spraying space, the painting section is set with combustible gas detection and alarm system or automatic explosion suppression system, and the painting section accounts for no more than 20% of the building area of the local fire compartment. 3.1.3 The fire hazard of stored articles shall be classified according to such factors as the properties of stored articles and the quantity of combustibles in stored articles, may be classified into Categories A, B, C, D and E, and shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.1.3. Table 3.1.3 Classification of Fire Hazards of Stored Articles Fire hazard category of stored articles Fire hazard characteristics of stored articles A 1. Liquid with flash point less than 28℃; 2. Gas with lower explosion limit less than 10%, and solid substance which can generate gas with lower explosion limit less than 10% under the action of water or the water vapor in the air; 3. Substance being capable of spontaneous decomposition at normal temperature or being capable of rapid spontaneous ignition or explosion after getting oxidized in the air; 4. Substance being capable of generating combustible gas and causing combustion or explosion at normal temperature under the action of water or the water vapor in the air; 5. Strong oxidizer which is apt to cause combustion or explosion in case of acid, heat, impact and friction as well as such flammable inorganic substances as organic substance or sulfur; 6. Substance which can cause combustion or explosion when in case of impact, friction or being exposed to oxidizer and organic substance B 1. Liquid with flash point not less than 28℃ but less than 60℃; 2. Gas with lower explosion limit not less than 10%; 3. Oxidizer not belonging to Category A; 4. Flammable solid not belonging to Category A; 5. Combustion-supporting gas; 6. Articles which can get oxidized slowly at normal temperature if being exposed to air and cause spontaneous ignition due to accumulated heat C 1. Liquid with flash point not less than 60℃; 2. Combustible solid D Difficult-combustible articles E Non-combustible articles 3.1.4 When articles of different fire hazards are stored in a storage or in any fire compartment of storage, the fire hazard of this storage or fire compartment shall be determined according to the articles with the highest fire hazard. 3.1.5 As for the storages of Categories D and E articles, if the weight of combustible package is larger than 1/4 of that of the articles or the volume of combustible package is larger than 1/2 of that of the articles, the fire hazard shall be determined as Category C. 3.2 Fire Resistance Class of Factory Buildings and Storages 3.2.1 The fire resistance class of factory buildings and storages may be classified into Classes I, II, III and IV, and the combustion performance and fire resistance rating of corresponding building elements shall not be inferior to those specified in Table 3.2.1 unless otherwise stated in this code. Table 3.2.1 Combustion Performance and Fire Resistance Rating (h) of Factory Building and Storage Building Elements of Different Fire Resistance Classes Element name Fire resistance class Class I Class II Class III Class IV Wall Fire wall Non-combustible 3.00 Non-combustible 3.00 Non-combustible 3.00 Non-combustible 3.00 Load bearing wall Non-combustible 3.00 Non-combustible 2.50 Non-combustible 2.00 Difficult-combustible 0.50 Walls of staircase and front room Walls of elevator shaft Non-combustible 2.00 Non-combustible 2.00 Non-combustible 1.50 Difficult-combustible 0.50 Partition walls on both sides of evacuation passageway Non-combustible 1.00 Non-combustible 1.00 Non-combustible 0.50 Difficult-combustible 0.25 Non-load-bearing exterior wall Partition wall between rooms Non-combustible 0.75 Non-combustible 0.50 Difficult-combustible 0.50 Difficult-combustible 0.25 Column Non-combustible 3.00 Non-combustible 2.50 Non-combustible 2.00 Difficult-combustible 0.50 Beam Non-combustible 2.00 Non-combustible 1.50 Non-combustible 1.00 Difficult-combustible 0.50 Floor slab Non-combustible 1.50 Non-combustible 1.00 Non-combustible 0.75 Difficult-combustible 0.50 Roof load-bearing elements Non-combustible 1.50 Non-combustible 1.00 Difficult-combustible 0.50 Combustible Evacuation stairs Non-combustible 1.50 Non-combustible 1.00 Non-combustible 0.75 Combustible Suspended ceiling (including ceiling joist) Non-combustible 0.25 Difficult-combustible 0.25 Difficult-combustible 0.15 Combustible Note: As for the suspended ceiling made of non-combustible materials in buildings with Class II fire resistance, its fire resistance rating is not limited. 3.2.2 The fire resistance class of high-rise factory buildings and Categories A and B factory buildings shall not be less than Class II, and that of independent Categories A and B single-storey factory buildings with building area not greater than 300m2 may adopt Class III. 3.2.3 The fire resistance class of single-/multi-storey Category C factory buildings and multi-storey Categories D and E factory buildings shall not be less than Class III. As for the factory buildings using or generating Class C liquids and the Category D factory buildings with spark, red hot surface and open flame, the fire resistance class shall not be less than Class II. As for single-storey Category C factory buildings with building area not greater than 500m2 and single-storey Category D factory buildings with building area not greater than 1,000m2, the fire resistance class may adopt Class III. 3.2.4 As for the buildings using or storing particularly valuable equipment or articles such as machinery, instruments and apparatuses, the fire resistance class shall not be less than Class II. 3.2.5 The fire resistance class of boiler house shall not be less than Class II. In case of coal-fired boiler house with total evaporation not larger than 4t/h, its fire resistance class may adopt Class III. 3.2.6 The fire resistance class of oil immersed transformer room and high-voltage distribution device room shall not be less than Class II, and other fire protection design shall meet the requirements of current national standard "Code for Design of Fire Protection for Fossil Fuel Power Plants and Substations" (GB 50229) and other relevant standards. 3.2.7 The fire resistance class of high rack storages, high-rise storages, Category A storages, multi-storey Category B storages and multi-storey Category C storages storing combustible liquid shall not be less than Class II. The fire resistance class of single-storey Category B storages, single-storey Category C storages, multi-storey Category C storages storing combustible solids and multi-storey Categories D and E storages shall not be less than Class III. 3.2.8 The fire resistance class of grain silos shall not be less than Class II; the grain silo with Class II fire resistance may adopt steel silo. The fire resistance class of grain storehouses shall not be less than Class III; the bulk grain storehouses with Class II fire resistance may be adopted with metal load-bearing elements without fire protection. 3.2.9 The fire resistance rating of fire walls in Categories A and B factory buildings and Categories A, B and C storages shall not be less than 4.00h. 3.2.10 The fire resistance rating of columns in single-storey factory buildings (storages) with Class I or II fire resistance shall not be less than 2.50h and 2.00h respectively. 3.2.11 As for the Class I fire resistance single-/multi-storey factory buildings (storages) with full protection of sprinkler system, the fire resistance rating of their roof load-bearing elements shall not be less than 1.00h. 3.2.12 Except Categories A and B storages and high-rise storages, if the non-load-bearing exterior walls of buildings with Class I or II fire resistance adopt non-combustible wall body, their fire resistance rating shall not be less than 0.25h; if they adopt difficult-combustible wall body, their fire resistance rating shall not be less than 0.50h. As for the 4-storey or less Categories D and E overground factory buildings (storages) with Class I or II fire resistance, if their non-load-bearing exterior walls adopt non-combustible wall body, their fire resistance rating is not limited. 3.2.13 As for factory buildings (storages) with Class II fire resistance, if the partition wall between rooms in them adopt difficult-combustible wall body, the fire resistance rating shall be increased by 0.25h. 3.2.14 As for the prestressed reinforced concrete floor slabs in multi-storey factory buildings with Class II fire resistance, the fire resistance rating shall not be lower than 0.75h. 3.2.15 As for the accessible flat roof of factory buildings (storages) with Class I or II fire resistance, the fire resistance rating of the roof slab shall not be less than 1.50h and 1.00h respectively. 3.2.16 The roof slab of factory buildings (storages) with Class I or II fire resistance shall be made of non-combustible materials. The roof waterproof layer should adopt non-combustible or difficult-combustible materials. If combustible waterproof materials are adopted and laid over combustible or difficult-combustible thermal insulation materials, the waterproof materials or the combustible/difficult-combustible thermal insulation materials shall be protected with non-combustible materials. 3.2.17 If it is necessary to adopt metal sandwich panels as the non-load-bearing exterior wall, partition walls between rooms and roof slab in buildings, the core material shall be non-combustible and its fire resistance rating shall meet the relevant requirements of this code. 3.2.18 Unless otherwise stated in this code, the fire resistance class of such factory buildings (storages) with load-bearing wooden columns and with walls made of non-combustible materials may be determined as Class IV. 3.2.19 Proper fire protection measures shall be taken at the exposed joint positions of precast reinforced concrete elements, and the fire resistance rating of joints shall not be less than that of corresponding elements. 3.3 Storeys, Occupied Area and Plane Arrangement of Factory Buildings and Storages 3.3.1 Unless otherwise stated in this code, the number of storeys of factory buildings and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.3.1. Table 3.3.1 Number of Storeys of Factory Buildings and Maximum Permissible Building Area of Each Fire Compartment Fire hazard category of production Fire resistance class of factory building Maximum permissible number of storeys Maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment (m2) Single-storey factory building Multi-storey factory building High-rise factory building Underground or semi-underground factory building (including basement and semi-basement) A Class I Class II Single storey should be adopted 4,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 - - - - B Class I Class II Not limited 6 5,000 4,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,500 - - C Class I Class II Class III Not limited Not limited 2 Not limited 8,000 3,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 3,000 2,000 - 500 500 - D Classes I and II Class III Class IV Not limited 3 1 Not limited 4,000 1,000 Not limited 2,000 - 4,000 - - 1,000 - - E Classes I and II Class III Class IV Not limited 3 1 Not limited 5,000 1,500 Not limited 3,000 - 6,000 - - 1,000 - - Notes: 1 The fire compartments shall be separated by fire walls. As for the factory buildings with Class I or II fire resistance other than Category A factory buildings, if the building area of their fire compartment is larger than the values stated in this table and it is indeed difficult to build fire wall, fire roller shutter or water curtain for fire compartment may be adopted instead. If fire roller shutter is adopted, it shall meet the requirements of 6.5.3 in this code; if water curtain for fire compartment is adopted, it shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Code of Design for Sprinkler Systems" (GB 50084). 2 As for the multi-storey textile factory buildings with Class I fire resistance and single-/multi-storey textile factory buildings with Class II fire resistance other than the bast fiber factory buildings, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be increased by 0.5 times according to those specified in this table, but the raw cotton unpacking and blowing rooms shall be separated from other parts in the factory buildings with fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 2.50h; if it is required to set doors, windows or openings, Class A fire doors and windows shall be installed. 3 As for the single-/multi-storey combined paper factory buildings with Class I or II fire resistance, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be increased by 1.5 times according to those specified in this table. As for the combined wet paper factory buildings with Class I or II fire resistance, if automatic fire extinguishing system is set in the dryer hood of paper machine and effective fire extinguishing facilities are set at the finished section for the purpose of fire protection, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be determined according to the process requirements. 4 As for the operation tower of cereal silo with Class I or II fire resistance, if the number of worker at each storey does not exceed 2, the number of storeys is not limited. 5 The production rooms in combined cigaret factory buildings with Class I or II fire resistance, like rooms for raw material, stock, grouping formulation, silk reeling, silk storing and rolling package, auxiliary material turnover, temporary storage of finished products, and tobacco shred expansion by carbon dioxide, shall be divided into independent fire separation units, and may be separated by fire walls when the process conditions permit. Thereinto, the silk reeling, silk storing and rolling package rooms may divided into one fire compartment and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be determined according to the process requirements, but the silk reeling, silk storing and rolling package rooms shall be separated by fire partition walls and floor slabs with fire resistance rating not less than 2.00h and 1.00h respectively. In addition, proper measures shall be taken at the openings between horizontal and vertical fire separations in the factory buildings to prevent fire spreading. 6 As for the operation platform and repair platform in factory buildings, if the number of their users is less than 10, the platform area may not be counted into the building area of local fire compartment. 7 "-" means “not allowed”. 3.3.2 Unless otherwise stated in this code, the number of storeys of storages and their area shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.3.2. Table 3.3.2 Number of Storeys of Storages and Their Area Fire hazard category of stored articles Fire resistance class of storages Maximum permissible number of storeys Maximum permissible occupied area of each storage and maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment(m2) Single-storey storage Multi-storey storage High-rise storage Underground or semi-underground storage (including basement and semi-basement) Each storage Fire compartment Each storage Fire compartment Each storage Fire compartment Fire compartment A Items 3 and 4 Items 1, 2, 5 and 6 Class I Classes I and II 1 1 180 750 60 250 - - - - - - - - - - B Items1, 3 and 4 Class I and Class II Class III 3 1 2,000 500 500 250 900 - 300 - - - - - - - Items 2, 5 and 6 Classes I and II Class III 5 1 2,800 900 700 300 1,500 - 500 - - - - - - - C Item 1 Classes I and II Class III 5 1 4,000 1,200 1,000 400 2,800 - 700 - - - - - 150 - Item2 Classes I and II Class III Not limited 3 6,000 2,100 1,500 700 4,800 1,200 1,200 400 4,000 1,000 - 300 - D Classes I and II Class III Class IV Not limited 3 1 Not limited 3,000 2,100 3,000 1,000 700 Not limited 1,500 1,500 500 - 4,800 - - 1,200 - - 500 - - E Classes I and II Class III Class IV Not limited 3 1 Not limited 3,000 2,100 Not limited 1,000 700 Not limited 2,100 2,000 700 - 6,000 - - 1,500 - - 1,000 - - Notes: 1 The fire compartments in the storages must be separated by fire walls. The fire walls between the fire compartments in Categories A and B storages shall not be arranged with door, window or opening. The maximum permissible occupied area of underground or semi-underground storages (including basement and semi-basement) shall not be greater than that of the overground storages of corresponding category. 2 The barrel oil storages in oil depot shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Code for Design of Oil Depot" (GB 50074). 3 As for coal homogenizing storages with Class I or II fire resistance, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment shall not be greater than 12,000m2. 4 As for the independently built ammonium nitrate storages, calcium carbide storages, the storages of molecule products such as polyethylene, urea storages, blended coal storages, independent finished product storages of paper mill, when the fire resistance class of the building is not inferior to Class II, the maximum permissible occupied area of each storage and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be increased by 1.0 times according to those specified in this table. 5 The maximum permissible occupied area of grain storehouse with Class I or II fire resistance shall not be greater than 12,000m2, and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment shall not be greater than 3,000m2; the maximum permissible occupied area of grain storehouse with Class III fire resistance shall not be greater than 3,000m2, and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment shall not be greater than 1,000m2. 6 As for single-storey cotton warehouse with Class I or II fire resistance and with occupied area not greater than 2,000 m2, the maximum permissible building area of each of its fire compartments shall not be greater than 2,000m2. 7 The maximum permissible occupied area of refrigeration storage with Class I or II fire resistance and the maximum permissible building area of each of its fire compartments shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Code for Design of Cold Store" (GB 50072). 8 "-" means not allowed. 3.3.3 Where automatic fire extinguishing system is arranged in the factory buildings, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be increased by 1.0 time according to those specified in 3.3.1 of this code. Where automatic fire extinguishing system is arranged in Categories D and E overground factory buildings, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment is not limited. Where local automatic fire extinguishing systems are arranged in the factory buildings, the increased area of their fire compartment may be calculated as 1.0 times of this local area. Where automatic fire extinguishing system is arranged in the storages (except the fire compartments in the refrigeration storage), the maximum permissible occupied area of each storage and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be increased by 1.0 time according to those specified in 3.3.2 of this code. 3.3.4 Categories A and B production occupancies (storages) shall not be arranged underground or semi-underground. 3.3.5 Staff dormitory must not be arranged in the factory buildings. Offices and resting rooms shall not be arranged in Categories A and B factory buildings; if offices and resting rooms must be adjacent to the factory buildings, they shall reach Class II fire resistance at least and blast walls with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h shall be used to separate them from the factory buildings; in addition, independent safety exits shall be arranged. Where offices and resting rooms are arranged in Category C factory buildings, fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 2.50h and floor slab with fire resistance rating not less than 1.00h shall be used to separate them from other positions; in addition, at least 1 independent safety exit shall be arranged. Where it is needed to arrange interconnected doors on partition wall, Class B fire doors shall be adopted. 3.3.6 Where intermediate storages are arranged in the factory buildings, the following requirements shall be met: 1 Categories A and B intermediate storages shall be arranged adjacent to external wall, their storage capacity should not exceed the demand for one day and night; 2 Categories A, B and C intermediate storages shall adopt fire walls and non-combustible floor slabs with fire resistance rating not less than 1.50 h to separate them from other positions; 3 Categories D and E intermediate storages shall adopt fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 2.00h and floor slab with fire resistance rating not less than 1.00h to separate them from other positions; 4 The fire resistance class and occupied area of storages shall meet the requirements of 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 in this code. 3.3.7 The intermediate tanks for Class C liquid in the factory buildings shall be arranged in separate rooms and their capacity shall not be greater than 5m3. As for rooms arranged with intermediate tanks, fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h and floor slabs with fire resistance rating not less than 1.50h shall be used to separate them from other positions; in addition, Class A fire doors shall be adopted for those rooms. 3.3.8 The outdoor power transformation and distribution stations shall not be arranged in or adjacent to Categories A and B factory buildings, and shall not be arranged in hazardous areas exposed to explosive gas or dust. As for 10kV or below special outdoor power transformation and distribution stations for Categories A and B factory buildings, they may be adjacent to each other on one side where fire wall without door, window or opening is adopted. Moreover, they shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Electrical Installations Design Code for Explosive Atmospheres and Fire Hazard" (GB 50058), etc. As for power distribution station for Category B factory buildings, Class A fire window shall be adopted where a window must be arranged on the fire wall. 3.3.9 The staff dormitory must not be arranged in the storages. The offices and resting rooms must not be arranged in or adjacent to Categories A and B storages. Where offices and resting rooms are arranged in Categories C and D storages, fire partition wall with fire resistance rating not less than 2.50h and floor slab with fire resistance rating not less than 1.00h shall be used to separate them from other positions; in addition, independent safety exit shall be arranged. Where it is needed to arrange interconnected doors on partition wall, Class B fire doors shall be adopted. 3.3.10 The fire protection design of logistics buildings shall meet the following requirements: 1 Where the main functions of the buildings are operations such as sorting and processing, the fire protection design shall be determined according to the relevant requirements of factory buildings in this code, while the fire protection design of storages shall be determined according to intermediate storages. 2 Where the main function of a building is storage or it is difficult to distinguish the main function of a building, the fire protection design shall be determined according to the relevant requirements of storages in this code, however, where the operating areas such as sorting area adopt fire wall to completely separate them from storage areas, the fire protection requirements of operating areas and storage areas may be respectively determined according to the relevant requirements of factory buildings and storages in this code. Thereinto, where the operating areas such as sorting area adopt fire wall to completely separate them from storage areas, and when the following conditions are met, except Category C high rack storages of automation control, the maximum permissible building area of the fire compartments of storage area and the maximum permissible occupied area of the buildings in storage area may be increased by 3.0 times according to the requirements of Table 3.3.2 (excluding the notes) in this code; 1) Storing Category C articles except combustible liquid, cotton, linen, silk, wool and other textiles, foam plastic and other articles, and the building fire resistance class is not inferior to Class I; 2) Storing Categories D and E articles and the building fire resistance class is not inferior to Class II; 3) Automatic water fire extinguishing systems and fire alarm systems are arranged in the whole building. 3.3.11 Railway line shall not be arranged in Categories A and B factory buildings(storages). As for the Categories C, D and E factory buildings (storages) with access of steam locomotive and diesel locomotive, non-combustibles shall be adopted for their roofs or other fire control measures shall be taken. 3.4 Fire Separation Distance of Factory Buildings 3.4.1 Unless otherwise stated in this code, the fire separation distance between factory buildings and between factory buildings and Categories B, C, D and E storages shall not be less than those specified in Table 3.4.1, and the fire separation distance with Category A storage shall meet those specified in 3.5.1 this code. Table 3.4.1 Fire Separation Distance between Factory Buildings as well as between Factory Buildings and Categories B, C, D and E Storages or Civil Buildings (m) Name Category A factory buildings Category B factory buildings (storages) Categories C, D and E factory buildings (storages) Civil buildings Single-/multi-storey Single-/multi-storey High-rise Single-/multi-storey High-rise Podium and single-/multi-storey High-rise Classes I and II Classes I and II Class III Classes I and II Classes I and II Class III Class IV Classes I and II Classes I and II Class III Class IV Category I Category II Category A factory buildings Single-/multi-storey Classes I and II 12 12 14 13 12 14 16 13 25 50 Class B factory buildings Single-/multi-storey Classes I and II 12 10 12 13 10 12 14 13 Class III 14 12 14 15 12 14 16 15 High-rise Classes I and II 13 13 15 13 13 15 17 13 Category C factory buildings Single-/multi-storey Classes I and II 12 10 12 13 10 12 14 13 10 12 14 20 15 Class III 14 12 14 15 12 14 16 15 12 14 16 25 20 Class IV 16 14 16 17 14 16 18 17 14 16 18 High-rise Classes I and II 13 13 15 13 13 15 17 13 13 15 17 20 15 Categories D and E factory buildings Single-/multi-storey Classes I and II 12 10 12 13 10 12 14 13 10 12 14 15 13 Class III 14 12 14 15 12 14 16 15 12 14 16 18 15 Class IV 16 14 16 17 14 16 18 17 14 16 18 High-rise Classes I and II 13 13 15 13 13 15 17 13 13 15 17 15 13 Outdoor power transformation and distribution stations Total oil mass of transformer (t) ≥5, ≤10 25 25 25 25 12 15 20 12 15 20 25 20 >10, ≤50 15 20 25 15 20 25 30 25 >50 20 25 30 20 25 30 35 30 Notes: 1 The fire separation distance between Category B factory buildings and important public buildings should not be less than 50m; the fire separation distance between Category B factory buildings and open flame or sparking site should not be less than 30m. The fire separation distance between single-/multi-storey Category E factory buildings as well as that between them and Category E storages may be reduced by 2m according to those specified in this table. The fire separation distance between single-/multi-storey Category E factory buildings and civil buildings may be determined according to the requirements of 5.2.2 in this code. The separate residential buildings set for Categories C, D and E factory buildings shall be determined according to the requirements of civil buildings. The fire separation distance between those residential buildings and their factory buildings shall not be less than 6m. If adjacent arrangement is really required, it shall meet the requirements of Notes 2 and 3 in this table. 2 When the adjacent higher exterior wall of two factory buildings is the fire wall, the adjacent exterior wall on any side of two adjacent buildings with Class I or II fire resistance with the same height is the fire wall and the fire resistance rating of the roof is not less than 1.00 h, the fire separation distance is not limited, but the distance between Category A factory buildings shall not be less than 4m. If two adjacent exterior walls of two Categories C, D and E factory buildings are non-combustible, the sum of the occupied area of door, window or opening in each wall shall not be greater than 5% of the exterior wall area when there is no exposed combustible eave; in addition, if the door, window or opening is not opposite to each other, their fire separation distance may be reduced by 25% according to those specified in this table. Categories A and B factory buildings (storages) shall not be adjacent to the buildings not specified in 3.3.5 of this code. 3 As for two factory buildings with Class I or II fire resistance, where the adjacent lower exterior wall is fire wall and the roof of the lower factory building has no skylight and with fire resistance rating not less than 1.00 h, or Class A fire door and window or water curtain for fire compartment are arranged for the openings of door and window in the adjacent higher exterior wall or fire roller shutter is arranged for them according to 6.5.3 of this code, the fire separation distance between Categories A and B factory buildings shall not be less than 46m, and that between Categories C, D and E factory buildings shall not be less than 4m. 4 The oil mass of main transformer in the power plant may be determined by unit set. 5 As for the existing factory buildings with the fire resistance class lower than IV, their fire resistance class may be deemed as Class IV. 6 Where Categories C, D and E factory buildings are adjacent to Categories C, D and E storages, they shall meet the requirements of Notes 2 and 3 in this table. 3.4.2 The fire separation distance between Category A factory buildings and important public buildings shall not be less than 50m; the fire separation distance between Category A factory buildings and open flame or sparking site shall not be less than 30m. 3.4.3 The fire separation distance between Category A factory buildings with combustible gas or steam and railway or road shall not be less than those specified in Table 3.4.3. However, if safety measures are taken for the loading and unloading lines of railway in Category A factory buildings, their fire separation distance may not be limited by those specified in Table 3.4.3. Table 3.4.3 Fire Separation Distance (m) between Category A Factory Buildings with Combustible Gas or Steam and Railway or Road Name Center line of off-factory railway Center line of in-factory railway Off-factory roadside In-factory roadside Primary Secondary Category A factory buildings 30 20 15 10 5 3.4.4 The fire separation distance between high-rise factory building and Class A, B , C liquid tanks, combustible and combustion-supporting gas tank, LPG tank or stackyard for combustibles (except coal and coke yards) shall meet the requirements of Chapter 4 in this code, and shall not be less than 13m. 3.4.5 Where Categories C, D and E factory buildings and civil buildings reach Class I or II fire resistance, their fire separation distance may be reduced properly, but shall meet the following requirements: 1 Where the higher exterior wall or the exterior wall within 15m higher than the roof of the adjacent lower building is fire wall without door, window or opening, their fire separation distance is not limited; 2 If the adjacent lower exterior wall is fire wall and the roof has no skylight or the opening and the fire resistance rating of roof is not less than 1.00h, or the adjacent higher exterior wall is fire wall and fire control measures are taken for the opening in the wall, their fire separation distance may be properly reduced, but shall not be less than 4m. 3.4.6 If chemical flammable equipment is arranged outside the factory buildings, the fire separation distance between the external wall of such equipment and the external wall of outdoor equipment arranged outside the adjacent factory buildings or the exterior wall of the adjacent factory buildings shall not be less than those specified in 3.4.1 of this code. The outdoor equipment fabricated with non-combustible material may be determined according to buildings with Class I or II fire resistance. If Class C liquid tank with the total volume not greater than 15m3 is directly buried outside the exterior wall of the factory buildings and the exterior wall within 4.0m from the tank is fire wall, their fire separation distance is not limited. 3.4.7 As for the same U-shaped or orographic factory building, the fire separation distance between two adjacent wings should not be less than those specified in 3.4.1 of this code. However, where the occupied area of the factory building is less than the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment specified in 3.3.1 of this code, such fire separation distance may be 6m. 3.4.8 Except high-rise factory buildings and Category A factory buildings, where the sum of the occupied area of several factory buildings of other categories is less than the maximum permissible building area of fire compartment specified in 3.3.1 of this code (the maximum permissible building area of fire compartment is subject to the smaller one, but shall not be greater than 10,000m2 if it is not limited), they can be arranged by group. Where the height of factory buildings is not greater than 7m, the fire separation distance between factory buildings in a group shall not be less than 4m; where the height of factory buildings is greater than 7m, the fire separation distance between factory buildings in a group shall not be less than 6m. The fire separation distance between groups or between group and adjacent buildings shall be subject to the one with inferior fire resistance class and shall be determined according to those specified in 3.4.1 of this code. 3.4.9 Class I oil filling station, Class I gas filling station and Class I oil & gas filling station shall not be arranged in urban built-up area. 3.4.10 As for the classification of oil filling station, gas filling station and oil & gas filling station, the fire separation distance from oil filling station, gas filling station, oil & gas filling station as well as their oil (gas) dispenser, oil (gas) tank to off-station open flame location, sparking site, building, railway or road, and between in-station buildings or facilities, they shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Code for Design and Construction of Automobile Gasoline and Gas Filling Station" (GB 50156). 3.4.11 As for the outdoor power transformation and distribution stations with the voltage of electric power system between 35kV~500kV and the capacity of each transformer not less than 10MV·A, as well as the outdoor stepdown substations with the total oil mass of transformers of industrial enterprises greater than 5t, the fire separation distance between them and other buildings shall not be less than those specified in 3.4.1 and 3.5.1 of this code. 3.4.12 The spacing between the fence and the buildings in the factory area should not be less than 5m, the spacing between buildings on the both sides of the fence shall meet the fire separation distance requirements for corresponding buildings. 3.5 Fire Separation Distance of Storages 3.5.1 The fire separation distance between Category A storages as well as between them and other building, open flame location, sparking site, railway or road shall not be less than those specified in Table 3.5.1. Table 3.5.1 Fire Separation Distance (m) between Category A Storage as Well as Between Them and Other Building, Open Flame Location, Sparking Site, Railway or Road Name Category A storage (storage capacity, t) Category A stored articles Items 3 and 4 Category A stored articles Items 1, 2, 5, and 6 ≤5 >5 ≤10 >10 High-rise civil buildings and important public buildings 50 Podium, other civil buildings, open flame locations or sparking sites 30 40 25 30 Category A storages 20 20 20 20 Factory buildings and Categories B, C, D and E storages Classes I and II 15 20 12 15 Class III 20 25 15 20 Class IV 25 30 20 25 Outdoor power transformation and distribution stations with the voltage of electric power system between 35~500kV and the capacity of each transformer not less than 10MV·A, as well as outdoor stepdown substations with the total oil mass of transformers of industrial enterprises greater than 5t 30 40 25 30 Center line of off-factory railway 40 Center line of in-factory railway 30 Off-factory roadside 20 In-factory roadside Primary 10 Secondary 5 Note: Where the stored quantity of items 3 and 4 articles is not greater than 2t and the stored quantity of Items 1, 2, 5 and 6 articles is not greater than 5t, the fire separation distance between Category A storages shall not be less than 12m and the fire separation distance between Category A storage and high-rise storage shall not be less than 13m. 3.5.2 Unless otherwise stated in this code, the fire separation distance between Categories B, C, D and E storages as well as between them and civil buildings shall not be less than those specified in Table 3.5.2. Table 3.5.2 Fire Separation Distance (m) between Categories B, C, D and E Storages as Well as between Them and Civil Buildings Name Category B storages Category C storages Categories D and E storages Single-/multi-storey High-rise Single-/multi-storey High-rise Single-/multi-storey High-rise Classes I and II Class III Classes I and II Classes I and II Class III Class IV Classes I and II Class II Class III Class IV Classes I and II Categories B, C, D and E storages Single-/multi-storey Classes I and II 10 12 13 10 12 14 13 10 12 14 13 Class III 12 14 15 12 14 16 15 12 14 16 15 Class IV 14 16 17 14 16 18 17 14 16 18 17 High-rise Classes I and II 13 15 13 13 15 17 13 13 15 17 13 Civil buildings Podium and single-/multi-storey Classes I and II 25 10 12 14 13 10 12 14 13 Class III 12 14 16 15 12 14 16 15 Class IV 14 16 18 17 14 16 18 17 High-rise Category I 50 20 25 25 20 15 18 18 15 Category II 15 20 20 15 13 15 15 13 Notes: 1 The fire separation distance between single-/multi-storey Category E storages may be reduced by 2m according to those specified in this table. 2 Where the adjacent external walls of two storages are fire walls, the fire separation distance may be decreased, but it shall not be less than 6m for Category C storages, and shall not be less than 4m for Categories D and E storages. The adjacent higher exterior wall of two storages is fire wall. Or where the external wall on any side of two adjacent buildings with Class I or II fire resistance with the same height is fire wall and the fire resistance rating of the roof is not less than 1.00h, and where the total occupied area is not larger than the maximum permissible occupied area of a storage in 3.3.2 of this code, the fire separation distance is not limited. 3 As for Category B storages (except those for Category B Item 6 articles), their fire separation distance to civil buildings should not be less than 25m, and their fire separation distance to important public buildings shall not be less than 50m, and their fire separation distance to railway or road should not be less than that between Category A storage and railway or road as specified in Table 3.5.1. 3.5.3 Where Categories D and E storages and civil buildings reach Class I or II fire resistance, their fire separation distance may be reduced properly, but shall meet the following requirements: 1 Where the higher exterior wall or the exterior wall within 15m higher than the roof of the adjacent lower building is fire wall without door, window or opening, their fire separation distance is not limited; 2 If the adjacent lower exterior wall is fire wall and the roof has no skylight or opening, and the fire resistance rating of the roof is not less than 1.00h, or the adjacent higher exterior wall is fire wall and fire control measures are taken for the opening in the wall, their fire separation distance may be properly reduced, but shall not be less than 4m. 3.5.4 The fire separation distance between grain silo and other building and grain silo group shall not be less than those specified in Table 3.5.4. Table 3.5.4 Fire Separation Distance between Grain Silo and Other Building and Grain Silo Group (m) Name Total stored quantity of grains W(t) Grain silo Grain squat silo Other building W≤40,000 40,00050,000 W≤50,000 W>50,000 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Grain silo 50050,000 25 25 30 Grain squat silo W≤50,000 20 20 25 20 25 20 25 - W>50,000 25 25 30 - Notes: 1 Where grain silo and grain squat silo as well as operation tower, absorption tower and distribution station constitute an integral process unit cluster, the fire separation distance between buildings in the cluster is not subject to this table. 2 The stored quantity of each independent silo in the grain squat silo cluster shall not be greater than 10,000t. 3.5.5 The spacing between the fence of the storage area and the buildings in the storage area should not be less than 5m. The spacing between buildings on both sides of the fence shall meet the fire separation distance requirements for appropriate buildings. 3.6 Explosion Prevention of Factory Buildings and Storages 3.6.1 The Categories A and B factory buildings with explosive risk should be arranged independently and should be open or semi-open. In addition, reinforced concrete or steel frame and bent structure should be adopted as their load-bearing structure. 3.6.2 As for factory building or any of their positions with explosive risk, pressure relief facilities shall be arranged. 3.6.3 The pressure relief facilities should adopt light roof slab, light wall, easy-to-relieve-pressure doors, windows, etc., and materials without generating sharp fragments in explosion , such as safety glass, shall be adopted. The pressure relief facilities shall be kept away from crowded locations and main roads, and should be close to positions with explosive risk. The mass of light roof slab and wall body of the pressure relief facilities should not be greater than 60kg/m2. Measures avoiding ice and snow accumulation shall be taken for the pressure relief facilities on the roof. 3.6.4 The pressure relief area of factory buildings should be calculated according to the following formula. However, where the length-diameter ratio of factory buildings is greater than 3, they should be divided into several calculating sections with the length-diameter ratio not greater than 3. The public cross-section of all calculating sections shall not serve as the pressure relief area: (3.6.4) Where, A - the pressure relief area, m2; V - the volume of factory building, m3; C - the pressure relief ratio, which may be selected according to those specified in Table 3.6.4, m2/m3. Table 3.6.4 Category of Explosive Substances in Factory Buildings and Specified Value of Pressure Relief Ratio (m2/m3) Category of explosive substances in factory buildings C value Ammonia, grain, paper, leather, lead, chromium and copper with Kdust less than 10MPa·m·s-1 ≥0.030 Wood chip, carbon dust, pulverized coal, stibium and tin with Kdust larger than or equal to 10MPa·m·s-1 and less than or equal to 30MPa·m·s-1 ≥0.055 Acetone, gasoline, methanol, LPG, methane, spraying shop or drying room, phenol resin, aluminium, magnesium and zirconium with Kdust greater than 30MPa·m·s-1 ≥0.110 Ethylene ≥0.160 Acetylene ≥0.200 Hydrogen ≥0.250 Notes: 1 The length-diameter ratio refers to the ratio of the product of the maximum length in the geometric shape of building plane and the perimeter of its cross-section to 4.0 times the cross-section area of the building. 2 Kdust refers to the dust explosion index. 3.6.5 As for Category A factory buildings full of combustible gas or steam lighter than air, light roof slab should be adopted as the pressure relief area. The ceiling shall be flat and smooth without dead corner. The upper space of the factory buildings shall be well ventilated. 3.6.6 Category A factory buildings full of combustible gas or steam heavier than air as well as Category B factory buildings with explosive risk of dust and fiber shall meet the following requirements: 1 Spark-free floor shall be adopted. If insulating materials are adopted as an integral layer, anti-static measures shall be taken. 2 As for factory buildings emitting combustible dust or fiber, their internal surface shall be flat, smooth and convenient for cleaning. 3 Trench should not be arranged in the factory buildings. If trench must be arranged, its cover plate shall be tight and effective measures shall be taken to prevent combustible gas, steam, dust or fiber from accumulating in the trench. In addition, fire-proof materials shall be used to seal the connection between trench and adjacent factory buildings. 3.6.7 As for Categories A and B production positions with explosive risk, they should be arranged nearby pressure relief facilities close to the exterior wall of single-storey factory buildings or the exterior wall of the top floor of multi-storey factory buildings. The equipment with explosive risk should be arranged away from the main load bearing members of factory buildings, such as beam and column. 3.6.8 The master control room of Categories A and B factory buildings with explosive risk shall be arranged independently. 3.6.9 The branch control room of Categories A and B factory buildings with explosive risk should be arranged independently. If it is adjacent to the exterior wall, fire partition wall with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h shall be adopted to separate it from other positions. 3.6.10 Protective measures, like foyer, shall be taken for staircase, external stairway in area with explosive risk or connection part between area with explosive risk and its adjacent area. The partition wall of foyer shall be fire partition wall with fire resistance rating not less than 2.00h; Category A fire door shall be adopted and staggered with the door of staircase. 3.6.11 As for factory buildings for using and producing Class A, B and C liquids, their pipe and trench shall not be connected with those of adjacent factory buildings. Oil-separating facilities shall be arranged for sewers. 3.6.12 The storages for Class A, B and C liquids shall be arranged with facilities to prevent liquid from dispersion. As for storages for articles prone to combustion and explosion in case of wet environment, measures shall be taken to prevent them from water immersion. 3.6.13 As for silo with dust explosion hazards, its top cover plate shall be arranged with necessary pressure relief facilities. The pressure relief area of the operation tower and upper corridor of grain silo shall be determined through calculation according to 3.6.4 of this code. Explosion prevention measures shall be taken for other grain storage facilities with dust explosion hazards. 3.6.14 As for storages or any of their positions with explosive risk, explosion prevention measures should be taken and pressure relief facilities shall be arranged according to the requirements of this section. 3.7 Safe Evacuation of Factory Buildings 3.7.1 The safety exits of factory building shall be dispersedly arranged. As for every fire compartment or every storey in a fire compartment, the horizontal distance between the nearest edges of the two adjacent safety exits shall not be less than 5m. 3.7.2 As for every fire compartment in the factory buildings or every storey in a fire compartment, the quantity of the safety exits shall be determined through calculation and shall not be less than 2; in case the following conditions are met, it is allowed to arrange one safety exit: 1 As for Category A factory buildings, the building area of each floor is not greater than 100m2 and the number of personnel operating simultaneously is less than or equal to 5; 2 As for Category B factory buildings, the building area of each floor is not greater than 150m2 and the number of personnel operating simultaneously is less than or equal to 10; 3 As for Category C factory buildings, the building area of each floor is not greater than 250m2 and the number of personnel operating simultaneously is less than or equal to 20; 4 As for Categories D and E factory buildings, the building area of each floor is not greater than 400m2 and the number of personnel operating simultaneously is less than or equal to 30; 5 As for underground or semi-underground factory buildings (including basement and semi-basement), the building area of each floor is not greater than 50m2 and the number of personnel operating simultaneously is less than or equal to 15; 3.7.3 As for underground or semi-underground factory buildings (including basement and semi-basement), if many fire compartments are adjacently arranged and separated with fire wall, the Class A fire door on fire wall and leading to adjacent fire compartment may be adopted for each fire compartment as second safety exit, but each fire compartment must be at least with one independent safety exit directly leading to outdoors. 3.7.4 The linear distance between any point and the nearest safety exit in the factory buildings shall not be greater than those specified in Table 3.7.4. Table 3.7.4 Linear Distance between Any Point and the Nearest Safety Exit in the Factory Buildings (m) Fire hazard category of production Fire resistance class Single-storey factory building Multi-storey factory building High-rise factory building Underground or semi-underground factory building (including basement and semi-basement) A Classes I and II 30 25 - - B Classes I and II 75 50 30 - C Classes I and II Class III 80 60 60 40 40 30 - D Classes I and II Class III Class IV Not limited 60 50 Not limited 50 - 50 - - 45 - - E Classes I and II Class III Class IV Not limited 100 60 Not limited 75 - 75 - - 60 - - 3.7.5 The respective total clear width of evacuation stairway, passageway and door in the factory buildings shall be determined through calculation according to the number of evacuated persons and the basis that the minimum clear width for evacuation per 100 persons is not less than those specified in Table 3.7.5. However, the minimum clear width of evacuation stairway, evacuation passageway and door should not be less than 1.10m, 1.40m and 0.90m respectively. If the number of evacuated persons at each story is not equal, the total clear width of evacuation stairway shall be calculated by stories, the total clear width of the lower staircase shall be calculated according to the number of evacuated persons of the current story or upper story with the largest number of evacuated persons. Table 3.7.5 Minimum Clear Width for Evacuation per 100 Persons of Evacuation Stairway, Passageway and Door in the Factory Buildings Number of factory building storeys (storey) 1~2 3 ≥4 Minimum clear width for evacuation (m/hundred persons) 0.60 0.80 1.00 The total clear width of the exterior door on the 1st floor shall be calculated according to the number of evacuated persons of the current story or upper story with the largest number of evacuated persons, and the minimum clear width of the door shall not be less than 1.20m. 3.7.6 Enclosed staircase or external stairway shall be adopted as the evacuation stairway for high-rise factory building and Categories A, B and C multi-storey factory buildings. As for factory building with the building height greater than 32m and number of people at each story exceeding 10, smoke-proof staircase or external stairway shall be adopted. 3.8 Safe Evacuation of Storages 3.8.1 The safety exits of storage shall be dispersedly arranged. As for every fire compartment or every storey in a fire compartment, the horizontal distance between the nearest edges of the two adjacent escape exits shall not be less than 5m. 3.8.2 The number of safety exits for each storage shall not be less than 2; if the floor area of a storage is not greater than 300m2, it is allowed to arrange one safety exit. At least two exits should be arranged for each fire compartment in storage for leading to evacuation passageway, stairway or outdoor. Where the building area of fire compartment is not greater than 100m2, it is allowed to arrange one exit. Class B fire door shall be adopted as the door leading to evacuation passageway or stairway. 3.8.3 The number of safety exits of underground or semi-underground storages (including basement and semi-basement) shall not be less than 2; if the building area is not greater than 100m2, it is allowed to arrange one safety exit. As for underground or semi-underground storages (including basement and semi-basement), if many fire compartments are adjacently arranged and separated with fire wall, the Class A fire door on fire wall and leading to adjacent fire compartment may be adopted as the second safety exit for each fire compartment, but each fire compartment must be at least with one safety exit directly leading to outdoors. 3.8.4 The safe evacuation design of refrigeration storage, grain silo and treasury shall meet the requirements of the current national standards "Code for Design of Cold Store" (GB 50072) and "Code for Design of Grain Steel Silos" (GB 50322) respectively. 3.8.5 Where upper-layer area of grain silo is less than 1,000m2 and there are not more

Contents of GB 50016-2014(2018)

1 General Provisions 2 Terminologies and Symbols 2.1 Terminologies 2.2 Symbols 3 Factory Buildings and Storages 3.1 Classification of Fire Hazards 3.2 Fire Resistance Class of Factory Buildings and Storages 3.3 Storeys, Occupied Area and Plane Arrangement of Factory Buildings and Storages 3.4 Fire Separation Distance of Factory Buildings 3.5 Fire Separation Distance of Storages 3.6 Explosion Prevention of Factory Buildings and Storages 3.7 Safe Evacuation of Factory Buildings 3.8 Safe Evacuation of Storages 4 Class A, B, C Liquid and Gas Tanks (Tank Farm) and Stackyard for Combustibles 4.1 General Requirements 4.2 Fire Separation Distance of Class A, B, C Liquid Tanks (Tank Farm) 4.3 Fire Separation Distance of Combustible and Combustion-supporting Gas Tanks (Tank Farm) 4.4 Fire Separation Distance of LPG Tanks (Tank Farm) 4.5 Fire Separation Distance of Stackyard for Combustibles 5 Civil Buildings 5.1 Classification and Fire Resistance Class 5.2 General Layout 5.3 Fire Compartment and Storeys 5.4 Plane Arrangement 5.5 Safe Evacuation and Refuge 6 Building Construction 6.1 Fire Wall 6.2 Building Elements and Pipe Shafts 6.3 Roof, Blind Ceiling and Joints 6.4 Evacuation Staircases and Stairs 6.5 Fire Door, Window and Fire Roller Shutter 6.6 Overpass, Trestle and Pipe Trench 6.7 Building Insulation and Exterior Wall Finish System 7 Fire Fighting and Rescue Facilities 7.1 Fire Lane 7.2 Field for Fire Fighting 7.3 Fire Elevator 7.4 Helicopter Landing Pad 8 Arrangement of Fire-fighting Facilities 8.1 General Requirements 8.2 Indoor Fire Hydrant System 8.3 Automatic Fire Extinguishing System 8.4 Fire Alarm System 8.5 Smoke Control and Smoke Exhaust System 9 Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning 9.1 General Requirements 9.2 Heating 9.3 Ventilating and Air Conditioning 10 Electric System 10.1 Fire Power Supply and Distribution 10.2 Power Line and Electric Equipment 10.3 Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indicating Sign 11 Timber Buildings 12 City Road Tunnel 12.1 General Requirements 12.2 Fire Water Supply and Fire Extinguishing Equipment 12.3 Ventilating and Smoke Exhaust System 12.4 Fire Alarm System 12.5 Power Supply and Other Requirements Appendix A Calculation Method of Building Height and Storeys Appendix B Calculation Method of Fire Separation Distance Appendix C Temperature-rise Curve for Fire Resistance Rating Test and Performance Criteria of Load-bearing Structure in Tunnel Explanation of Wording in This Code List of Quoted Standards