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Position: Chinese Standard in English/GB/T 230.1-2018
GB/T 230.1-2018   Metallic materials—Rockwell hardness test—Part 1:Test method (English Version)
Standard No.: GB/T 230.1-2018 Status:valid remind me the status change

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Standard No.: GB/T 230.1-2018
English Name: Metallic materials—Rockwell hardness test—Part 1:Test method
Chinese Name: 金属材料 洛氏硬度试验 第1部分: 试验方法
Chinese Classification: H22    Metal mechanical property test method
Professional Classification: GB    National Standard
ICS Classification: 77.040.10 77.040.10    Mechanical testing of metals 77.040.10
Issued by: SAMR; SAC
Issued on: 2018-05-14
Implemented on: 2018-12-1
Status: valid
Superseding:GB/T 230.1-2009 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method(scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)
Language: English
File Format: PDF
Word Count: 14500 words
Price(USD): 410.0
Delivery: via email in 1 business day
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. GB/T 230 consists of the following three parts under the general title of Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test: ——Part 1: Test method; ——Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines; ——Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks. This part is Part 1 of GB/T 230. This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB/T 230.1-2009 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 230.1-2009: ——The materials of standard type of Rockwell ball indenter are modified (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2009); ——The serviceable range of the steel indenter balls is modified (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2009); ——The applicable range of Rockwell hardness HRA and HRB is modified (see Table 1; Table 1 of Edition 2009); ——The rules for applicable range of Rockwell hardness HRC extending to 10HRC are modified (see note in Table 1; note in Table 1 of Edition 2009); ——The durations of the preliminary force F0 and the additional test force F1 are modified (see 7.6 and 7.9; 7.3 and 7.5 of Edition 2009); ——The distance between the centers of two adjacent indentations is modified (see 7.13; 7.8 of Edition 2009); ——The rounding requirements for Rockwell hardness value are deleted [see d), Clause 9 of Edition 2009]; ——The requirements of specimen roughness are modified (see 6.1 of Edition 2009); ——The indenter used in the thin products HR30TSm and HR15TSm in Annex A is modified (see Note 1 of Annex A; A.1 in Annex A of Edition 2009); ——Annex C is changed as normative annex, and the contents of the daily verification procedures in Annex C are modified (see Annex C; Annex E of Edition 2009); ——Annex D is changed as normative annex (see Annex D; Annex F of Edition 2009); ——The evaluation method related to uncertainty of measured hardness values in Annex G is modified (see Annex G; Annex G of Edition 2009). This part is modified in relation to international standard ISO 6508-1:2016 Metallic Materials - Rockwell Hardness Test - Part 1: Test Method”. The structure of this part is basically consistent with ISO 6508-1:2016. Technical differences between this part and ISO 6508-1:2016 are marked with perpendicular single line (|) in the outside page margin of the provisions concerned. Compared with ISO 6508-1:2016, technical differences and their reasons are as follows: ——The adjustment in "Normative references" of this part has technical differences to meet the technical specification in China; the adjustment situations are embodied in a concentrated way in Clause 2 "Normative references" and the specific adjustments are as follows: ● ISO 6508-2 is replaced by GB/T 230.2 which is modified in relation to the international standard; ● ISO 6508-3 is replaced by GB/T 230.3 which is modified in relation to the international standard; ● JJG 112 is added for reference (see Clause 5). ● JJG 1059.1 is added for reference (see Clause 8). The following editorial changes are also made in this part: ——Figure G.1 and corresponding notes are added in Annex G; ——The order of Annex C, Annex D, Annex E, and Annex F is adjusted according to the appearing order in the standard; ——Annex H and Annex I of the international standard are deleted. This part was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association. This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Iron and Steel of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 183). The previous editions of this part are as follows: ——GB/T 230-1983, GB/T 230-1991, GB/T 230.1-2004 and GB/T 230.1-2009; ——GB/T 1818-1979, GB/T 1818-1994. Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method 1 Scope This part of GB/T 230 specifies the method for Rockwell regular and Rockwell superficial hardness tests for metallic materials with scales of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, 15N, 30N, 45N, 15T, 30T, and 45T. It is applicable to stationary and portable hardness testing machines. For specific materials or products, other specific standards apply (for instance, GB/T 3849.1[1], GB/T 9097[2]). Note: Attention is drawn to the fact that the use of tungsten carbide composite for ball indenters is considered to be the standard type of Rockwell indenter ball. Steel indenter balls are allowed to continue to be used only when complying with Annex A. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 230.2-2012 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines (Scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (GB/T 230.2-2012, ISO 6508-2: 2005, MOD) GB/T 230.3 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks (Scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (GB/T 230.3-2012, ISO 6508-3: 2005, MOD) JJG 112 Metallic Rockwell hardness testers (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) JJF 1059.1 Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement 3 Principle An indenter of specified size, shape, and material is forced into the surface of a test specimen under two force levels using the specific conditions defined in Clause 7. The specified preliminary force is applied and the initial indentation depth is measured, followed by the application and removal of a specified additional force, returning to the preliminary force. The final indentation depth is then measured and the Rockwell hardness value is derived from the difference, h, in the final and initial indentation depths and the two constants N and S (see Figure 1, Table 1, and Table 2) as shown in Formula (1): Rockwell hardness= (1) 4 Symbols, abbreviated terms and designations 4.1 The symbols, abbreviations terms and designations used in this part are shown in Figure 1, Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3. Indenters with diameters of 6.350mm and 12.70mm are also available, as permitted by product standards or agreement. See the indenter used in other scales in ASTM E18 [10]. Note 1: For some materials, the applicable range may be narrower than that shown in the table. Note 2: The previous unit of test force is kgf. For example, the total test force of 30kgf is converted to 294.2N. Key X——time Y——indenter position 1——indentation depth by preliminary force, F0 2——indentation depth by additional test force, F1 3——elastic recovery just after removal of additional test force, F1 4——permanent indentation depth, h 5——surface of specimen 6——reference plane for measurement 7——position of indenter 8——curve of indentation depth relative to time Figure 1 Principle diagram of Rockwell hardness test   Table 1 Rockwell Regular hardness scales Rockwell regular hardness scale Hardness symbol unit Type of indenter Preliminary force F0 Total force F Scaling constant S Full range constant N Applicable range of application (Rockwell regular hardness scales) A B C D E F G H K HRA HRBW HRC HRD HREW HRFW HRGW HRHW HRKW Diamond cone Ball 1.587 5mm Diamond cone Diamond cone Ball 3.175mm Ball 1.587 5mm Ball 1.587 5mm Ball 3.175mm Ball 3.175mm 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 NP 588.4 N 980.7 N 1.471 kN 980.7 N 980.7 N 588.4 N 1.471 kN 588.4 N 1.471 kN 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 100 130 100 100 130 130 130 130 130 20 HRA~95 HRA 10 HRBW~100 HRBW 20 HRCa~70 HRC 40 HRD~77 HRD 70 HREW~100 HREW 60 HRFW~100 HRFW 30 HRGW~94 HRGW 80 HRHW~100 HRHW 40 HRKW~100 HRKW a The applicable range of the test can be extended to 10 HRC if the surfaces of the diamond cone and spherical tip are polished along the axis of diamond cone and at least 0.4mm away from the tip. Table 2 Rockwell Superficial scales Rockwell superficial hardness scale Hardness symbol unit Type of indenter Preliminary force F0 Total force F Scaling constant S Full range constant N Applicable range of application (Rockwell superficial hardness scales) 15N 30N 45N 15T 30T 45T HR15N HR30N HR45N HR15TW HR30TW HR45TW Diamond cone Diamond cone Diamond cone Ball 1.587 5mm Ball 1.587 5mm Ball 1.587 5mm 29.42N 29.42N 29.42N 29.42N 29.42N 29.42N 147.1N 294.2N 441.3N 147.1N 294.2N 441.3N 0.001mm 0.001mm 0.001mm 0.001mm 0.001mm 0.001mm 100 100 100 100 100 100 70 HR15N~94 HR15N 42 HR30N~86 HR30N 20 HR45N~77 HR45N 67 HR15TW~93 HR15TW 29 HR30TW~82 HR30TW 10 HR45TW~72 HR45TW   Table 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms Symbol/Abbreviated term Definition Unit F0 Preliminary test force N F1 Additional test force (total force minus preliminary force) N F Total test force N S Scaling constant, specific to the scale mm N Full range constant, specific to the scale — h Permanent depth of indentation under preliminary test force after removal of additional test force (permanent indentation depth) mm HRA HRC HRD Rockwell regular hardness = HRBW HREW HRFW HRGW HRHW HRKW Rockwell regular hardness = HRN HRTW Rockwell superficial hardness= 4.2 The following is an example of the designation of Rockwell hardness. Example: Note 1: Previous versions of GB/T230 allowed the use of steel indenter balls, which required the suffix S. Note 2: The HR30TSm and HR15TSm scales are defined in Annex A, a capital S and a lower-case m are used indicating the use of steel indenter balls and a diamond spot specimen holder.
Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Principle 4 Symbols, abbreviated terms and designations 5 Testing machine 6 Test piece 8 Uncertainty of the results 9 Test report 10 Conversions to other hardness scales or tensile strength values Annex A (Normative) Special HR30TSm and HR15TSm test for thin products Annex B (Normative) Minimum thickness of the test piece in relation to the Rockwell hardness Annex C (Normative) Daily verification procedure Annex D (Normative) Inspection of diamond indenters Annex E (Normative) Corrections to be added to Rockwell hardness values obtained on convex cylindrical surfaces Annex F (Normative) Corrections to be added to Rockwell hardness C scale values obtained on convex spherical test surfaces Annex G (Informative) Uncertainty of the measured hardness values Bibliography
Referred in GB/T 230.1-2018:
*GB/T 230.2-2012 Metallic materials—Rockwell hardness test—Part 2:Verification and calibration of testing machines
*GB/T 230.3-2022 Metallic materials—Rockwell hardness test—Part 3:Calibration of reference blocks
*JJG 112-2013 Metallic Rockwell Hardness Testing Machines(Scales A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,K,N,T)
*JJF 1059.1-2012 Evaluation and Expression of Uncertaintv in Measurement
*GB 4943.1-2011 Information technology equipment -Safety - Part 1: General requirements
*FZ/T 73020-2012 Knitted Casual Wear
*GB/T 14048.5-2017 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear-Part 5-1:Control circuit devices and switching element-Electromechanical control circuit devices
*GB 4706.1-2005 Household and Similar Electrical Appliances – Safety - Part 1: General Requirements
*QB/T 1333-2018 Handbag and Knapsack
*GB 5749-2022 Standards for drinking water quality
*GB 150-2011 Pressure Vessels (Collection GB150.1~150.4-2011)
*QB/T 1333-2018 Handbag and Knapsack
*GB 17625.1-2022 Electromagnetic compatibility—Limits—Part 1: Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16A per phase)
*TSG 21-2016/XG1-2020 Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel,includes Amendment 1
*GB 14748-2006 Safety Requirements for Wheeled Child Conveyances
*GB/T 35590-2017 Information technology―General specification for portable digital equipments used power bank
*GB 3565-2005 Safety requirements for bicycles
*GB/T 3077-2015 Alloy structure steels
*GB/T 19001-2016 Quality management systems―Requirements
*GB/T 699-2015 Quality carbon structural steels
GB/T 230.1-2018 is referred in:
*GB/T 3098.22-2009 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of the fine grain non-heat treatment steel—Bolts,screws and studs
*GB/T 24593-2018 Welded austenitic stainless steel tubes for boiler and heat exchanger
*JG/T 163-2013 Couplers for rebar mechanical splicing
*GB/T 34882-2017 Induction hardening and tempering of iron and steel parts
*GB/T 30827-2014 Technical conditions for external prestressing tendons
*GB/T 3098.2-2015 Mechanical properties of fasteners—Nuts
*GB/T 5099.1-2017 Seamless steel gas cylinders―Part 1:Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strengthless than 1 100 MPa
*YB/T 091-2005 Forging(rolling) steel grinding balls
*GB/T 21839-2019 Test methods of steel for prestressing concrete
*GB 11640-2011 Seamless aluminum alloy gas cylinders
*JB/T 6374-2006 Specification for silicon carbide rings of mechanical seal
*NB/T 47007-2018 Air-cooled heat exchangers
*GB/T 4679-2017 Diecasting dies--Components--Specifications
*JT/T 329-2010 Prestressing strand anchorage,grip and coupler for highway bridge
*GB/T 2520-2017 Cold-reduced electrolytic tinplate [Steel-plate & steel-strip]
*TB/T 3193-2016 Anchorage,grip and coupler for prestressing tendons in railway construction
*GB/T 4423-2020 Copper and copper alloy cold-drawn rod and bar
*GB/T 28011-2021 Shanks for footwear
*GB/T 11640-2021 Seamless aluminum alloy gas cylinders
*GB/T 34484.2-2018 Heat-treatable steels—Part 2:Alloy steels for quenching and tempering
*GB/T 2529-2012 Copper sheets and bars for electrical conduction purpose
*JB/T 8415-2011 Internal combustion engines — Timing gears — Specifications
*GB 28011-2011/XG1-2015 Shanks for footwear (including Amendment 1)
*GB/T 2059-2008 Strip of copper and copper alloy
*GB 6675.2-2014/XG1-2022 Safety of toys―Part 2:Mechanical and physical properties, includes Amendment 1
*GB/T 41857-2022 Sheet metal parts fabricated by fine blanking combined with extrusion process—General specification
*GB/T 4440-2022 Adjustable wrenches
*GB/T 32541-2016 Quality control system for heat treatment
*GB/T 12143-2008 General analytical methods for beverage
*GB/T 5156-2022 Magnesium and magnesium alloy extruded profiles
*GB/T 230.3-2022 Metallic materials—Rockwell hardness test—Part 3:Calibration of reference blocks
*GB/T 230.2-2022 Metallic materials—Rockwell hardness test—Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines and indenters
*YY/T 0177-2005 Tissue forceps
*GB/T 35544-2017 Fully-wrapped carbon fiber reinforced cylinders with an aluminum liner for theon-board storage of compressed hydrogen as a fuel for land vehicles
*GB/T 10343-2023 Quality requirements for edible alcohol
*YY/T 1127-2006 Rongeur
*YY/T 0597-2006 Clip Applicator
*YY/T 1122-2017 General technique requirememts for orthopaedics clamp(scissor)
*GB/T 21652-2017 Copper and copper alloy wire
*GB/T 23934-2015 Hot formed helical compression springs—Technical requirement
*JB/T 8881-2011 Rolling bearings-Carburizing heat-treatment for parts-Specifications
*GB/T 16939-2016 High strength bolts for joints of space grid structures
*GB/T 2040-2008 Sheet of copper and copper alloy
*GB/T 21652-2008 Copper and Copper Alloy Wire
*GB/T 22756-2008 Leather sandals
*GB/T 2520-2008 Cold-reduced electrolytic tinplate
*GB/T 3952-2008 Copper drawing stock for electrical purpose
*JB/T 8881-2020 Rolling bearings-Parts made from carburizing bearing steels-Specifications for heat treatment
*GB/T 3098.6-2023 Mechanical properties of fasteners—Stainless steel bolts,screws and studs
*GB/T 3952-2016 Copper drawing stock for electrical purpose
*GB/T 3880.1-2023 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy plates,sheets and strips for general engineering—Part 1 :Technical conditions of delivery
*TB/T 3065-2020 Type II fastening system
*Q/BQB 517-2023 Wire rods for cold heading
*YY/T 0294.1-2024 Surgical instruments - Materials - Part 1: Metals
*GB/T 1231-2024 High strength bolts with large hexagon head assemblies for steel structures
*GB/T 19844-2018 Leaf springs—Technical specifications
*YY/T 0245-2008 General specifications for stapler
Code of China
Standard
GB/T 230.1-2018  Metallic materials—Rockwell hardness test—Part 1:Test method (English Version)
Standard No.GB/T 230.1-2018
Statusvalid
LanguageEnglish
File FormatPDF
Word Count14500 words
Price(USD)410.0
Implemented on2018-12-1
Deliveryvia email in 1 business day
Detail of GB/T 230.1-2018
Standard No.
GB/T 230.1-2018
English Name
Metallic materials—Rockwell hardness test—Part 1:Test method
Chinese Name
金属材料 洛氏硬度试验 第1部分: 试验方法
Chinese Classification
H22
Professional Classification
GB
ICS Classification
Issued by
SAMR; SAC
Issued on
2018-05-14
Implemented on
2018-12-1
Status
valid
Superseded by
Superseded on
Abolished on
Superseding
GB/T 230.1-2009 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method(scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)
Language
English
File Format
PDF
Word Count
14500 words
Price(USD)
410.0
Keywords
GB/T 230.1-2018, GB 230.1-2018, GBT 230.1-2018, GB/T230.1-2018, GB/T 230.1, GB/T230.1, GB230.1-2018, GB 230.1, GB230.1, GBT230.1-2018, GBT 230.1, GBT230.1
Introduction of GB/T 230.1-2018
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. GB/T 230 consists of the following three parts under the general title of Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test: ——Part 1: Test method; ——Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines; ——Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks. This part is Part 1 of GB/T 230. This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB/T 230.1-2009 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 230.1-2009: ——The materials of standard type of Rockwell ball indenter are modified (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2009); ——The serviceable range of the steel indenter balls is modified (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2009); ——The applicable range of Rockwell hardness HRA and HRB is modified (see Table 1; Table 1 of Edition 2009); ——The rules for applicable range of Rockwell hardness HRC extending to 10HRC are modified (see note in Table 1; note in Table 1 of Edition 2009); ——The durations of the preliminary force F0 and the additional test force F1 are modified (see 7.6 and 7.9; 7.3 and 7.5 of Edition 2009); ——The distance between the centers of two adjacent indentations is modified (see 7.13; 7.8 of Edition 2009); ——The rounding requirements for Rockwell hardness value are deleted [see d), Clause 9 of Edition 2009]; ——The requirements of specimen roughness are modified (see 6.1 of Edition 2009); ——The indenter used in the thin products HR30TSm and HR15TSm in Annex A is modified (see Note 1 of Annex A; A.1 in Annex A of Edition 2009); ——Annex C is changed as normative annex, and the contents of the daily verification procedures in Annex C are modified (see Annex C; Annex E of Edition 2009); ——Annex D is changed as normative annex (see Annex D; Annex F of Edition 2009); ——The evaluation method related to uncertainty of measured hardness values in Annex G is modified (see Annex G; Annex G of Edition 2009). This part is modified in relation to international standard ISO 6508-1:2016 Metallic Materials - Rockwell Hardness Test - Part 1: Test Method”. The structure of this part is basically consistent with ISO 6508-1:2016. Technical differences between this part and ISO 6508-1:2016 are marked with perpendicular single line (|) in the outside page margin of the provisions concerned. Compared with ISO 6508-1:2016, technical differences and their reasons are as follows: ——The adjustment in "Normative references" of this part has technical differences to meet the technical specification in China; the adjustment situations are embodied in a concentrated way in Clause 2 "Normative references" and the specific adjustments are as follows: ● ISO 6508-2 is replaced by GB/T 230.2 which is modified in relation to the international standard; ● ISO 6508-3 is replaced by GB/T 230.3 which is modified in relation to the international standard; ● JJG 112 is added for reference (see Clause 5). ● JJG 1059.1 is added for reference (see Clause 8). The following editorial changes are also made in this part: ——Figure G.1 and corresponding notes are added in Annex G; ——The order of Annex C, Annex D, Annex E, and Annex F is adjusted according to the appearing order in the standard; ——Annex H and Annex I of the international standard are deleted. This part was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association. This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Iron and Steel of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 183). The previous editions of this part are as follows: ——GB/T 230-1983, GB/T 230-1991, GB/T 230.1-2004 and GB/T 230.1-2009; ——GB/T 1818-1979, GB/T 1818-1994. Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method 1 Scope This part of GB/T 230 specifies the method for Rockwell regular and Rockwell superficial hardness tests for metallic materials with scales of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, 15N, 30N, 45N, 15T, 30T, and 45T. It is applicable to stationary and portable hardness testing machines. For specific materials or products, other specific standards apply (for instance, GB/T 3849.1[1], GB/T 9097[2]). Note: Attention is drawn to the fact that the use of tungsten carbide composite for ball indenters is considered to be the standard type of Rockwell indenter ball. Steel indenter balls are allowed to continue to be used only when complying with Annex A. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 230.2-2012 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines (Scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (GB/T 230.2-2012, ISO 6508-2: 2005, MOD) GB/T 230.3 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks (Scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (GB/T 230.3-2012, ISO 6508-3: 2005, MOD) JJG 112 Metallic Rockwell hardness testers (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) JJF 1059.1 Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement 3 Principle An indenter of specified size, shape, and material is forced into the surface of a test specimen under two force levels using the specific conditions defined in Clause 7. The specified preliminary force is applied and the initial indentation depth is measured, followed by the application and removal of a specified additional force, returning to the preliminary force. The final indentation depth is then measured and the Rockwell hardness value is derived from the difference, h, in the final and initial indentation depths and the two constants N and S (see Figure 1, Table 1, and Table 2) as shown in Formula (1): Rockwell hardness= (1) 4 Symbols, abbreviated terms and designations 4.1 The symbols, abbreviations terms and designations used in this part are shown in Figure 1, Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3. Indenters with diameters of 6.350mm and 12.70mm are also available, as permitted by product standards or agreement. See the indenter used in other scales in ASTM E18 [10]. Note 1: For some materials, the applicable range may be narrower than that shown in the table. Note 2: The previous unit of test force is kgf. For example, the total test force of 30kgf is converted to 294.2N. Key X——time Y——indenter position 1——indentation depth by preliminary force, F0 2——indentation depth by additional test force, F1 3——elastic recovery just after removal of additional test force, F1 4——permanent indentation depth, h 5——surface of specimen 6——reference plane for measurement 7——position of indenter 8——curve of indentation depth relative to time Figure 1 Principle diagram of Rockwell hardness test   Table 1 Rockwell Regular hardness scales Rockwell regular hardness scale Hardness symbol unit Type of indenter Preliminary force F0 Total force F Scaling constant S Full range constant N Applicable range of application (Rockwell regular hardness scales) A B C D E F G H K HRA HRBW HRC HRD HREW HRFW HRGW HRHW HRKW Diamond cone Ball 1.587 5mm Diamond cone Diamond cone Ball 3.175mm Ball 1.587 5mm Ball 1.587 5mm Ball 3.175mm Ball 3.175mm 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 N 98.07 NP 588.4 N 980.7 N 1.471 kN 980.7 N 980.7 N 588.4 N 1.471 kN 588.4 N 1.471 kN 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.002mm 100 130 100 100 130 130 130 130 130 20 HRA~95 HRA 10 HRBW~100 HRBW 20 HRCa~70 HRC 40 HRD~77 HRD 70 HREW~100 HREW 60 HRFW~100 HRFW 30 HRGW~94 HRGW 80 HRHW~100 HRHW 40 HRKW~100 HRKW a The applicable range of the test can be extended to 10 HRC if the surfaces of the diamond cone and spherical tip are polished along the axis of diamond cone and at least 0.4mm away from the tip. Table 2 Rockwell Superficial scales Rockwell superficial hardness scale Hardness symbol unit Type of indenter Preliminary force F0 Total force F Scaling constant S Full range constant N Applicable range of application (Rockwell superficial hardness scales) 15N 30N 45N 15T 30T 45T HR15N HR30N HR45N HR15TW HR30TW HR45TW Diamond cone Diamond cone Diamond cone Ball 1.587 5mm Ball 1.587 5mm Ball 1.587 5mm 29.42N 29.42N 29.42N 29.42N 29.42N 29.42N 147.1N 294.2N 441.3N 147.1N 294.2N 441.3N 0.001mm 0.001mm 0.001mm 0.001mm 0.001mm 0.001mm 100 100 100 100 100 100 70 HR15N~94 HR15N 42 HR30N~86 HR30N 20 HR45N~77 HR45N 67 HR15TW~93 HR15TW 29 HR30TW~82 HR30TW 10 HR45TW~72 HR45TW   Table 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms Symbol/Abbreviated term Definition Unit F0 Preliminary test force N F1 Additional test force (total force minus preliminary force) N F Total test force N S Scaling constant, specific to the scale mm N Full range constant, specific to the scale — h Permanent depth of indentation under preliminary test force after removal of additional test force (permanent indentation depth) mm HRA HRC HRD Rockwell regular hardness = HRBW HREW HRFW HRGW HRHW HRKW Rockwell regular hardness = HRN HRTW Rockwell superficial hardness= 4.2 The following is an example of the designation of Rockwell hardness. Example: Note 1: Previous versions of GB/T230 allowed the use of steel indenter balls, which required the suffix S. Note 2: The HR30TSm and HR15TSm scales are defined in Annex A, a capital S and a lower-case m are used indicating the use of steel indenter balls and a diamond spot specimen holder.
Contents of GB/T 230.1-2018
Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Principle 4 Symbols, abbreviated terms and designations 5 Testing machine 6 Test piece 8 Uncertainty of the results 9 Test report 10 Conversions to other hardness scales or tensile strength values Annex A (Normative) Special HR30TSm and HR15TSm test for thin products Annex B (Normative) Minimum thickness of the test piece in relation to the Rockwell hardness Annex C (Normative) Daily verification procedure Annex D (Normative) Inspection of diamond indenters Annex E (Normative) Corrections to be added to Rockwell hardness values obtained on convex cylindrical surfaces Annex F (Normative) Corrections to be added to Rockwell hardness C scale values obtained on convex spherical test surfaces Annex G (Informative) Uncertainty of the measured hardness values Bibliography
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Keywords:
GB/T 230.1-2018, GB 230.1-2018, GBT 230.1-2018, GB/T230.1-2018, GB/T 230.1, GB/T230.1, GB230.1-2018, GB 230.1, GB230.1, GBT230.1-2018, GBT 230.1, GBT230.1