This standard specifies the principle, definitions, symbols and descriptions, test piece and dimension measurement, test equipment, test requirement, performance determination, rounding-off of the test result data and test report of tensile testing method of metallic materials.
This standard is applicable to determine the tensile performance of metallic materials at ambient temperature. But an agreement must be made for the tensile test of little-cross-section metal products such as metal foil, super-fine wire and capillary.
2 Normative References
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the latest editions of the standards indicated below.
GB/T 2975-1998 Steel and steel products – Location and preparation of test pieces for mechanical testing (eqv ISO 377:1997)
GB/T 8170-1987 Rules for rounding off of numerical values
GB/T 12160-2002 Calibration of the extensometer used for single axis test (idt ISO 9513:1999)
GB/T 16825-1997 Inspection of tensile tester (idt ISO 7500-1:1986)
GB/T 17600.1-1998 Steel - Conversion of elongation – Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steel (eqv ISO 2566-1:1984)
GB/T 17600.2-1998 Steel – Conversion of elongation – Part 2: Austenitic steel (eqv ISO 2566-2:1984)
3 Principle
The test involves straining a test piece by tensile force, generally to fracture, for the purpose of determining one or more of the mechanical properties defined in Chapter 4.
Unless otherwise specified, the test is normally carried out at ambient temperature between 10℃ and 35℃. The tests carried out under controlled conditions shall be made at a temperature of 23℃±5℃.
Foreword III ISO Foreword IV 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Principle 4 Definitions 5 Symbols and Designations 6 Test Piece 7 Determination of the Original Cross Section Area (So) 8 Marking the Original Gauge Length (Lo) 9 Accuracy of the Test Equipments 10 Conditions of Testing 10.1 Speed of testing 11 Determination of Percentage Elongation after Fracture (A) and Percentage Total Elongation at Fracture (At) 12 Determination of the Total Percentage Elongation at Maximum Force (Agt) and the Percentage Non-proportional Elongation at Maximum Force (Ag) 13 Determination of the Percentage Yield Point Extension (Ae) 14 Determination of the Upper Yield Strength (ReH ) and the Lower Yield Strength (ReL) 15 Determination of the Proof Non-proportional Extension Strength (Rp) 16 Determination of the Proof total Extension Strength (Rt) 17 Verification Method for the Permanent Set Strength (Rr) 18 Determination of the Tensile Strength (Rm) 19 Determination of the Percentage Reduction of Area 20 Rounding off of Numerical Values of the Performance Determination Result 21 The Accuracy of the Performance Determination Result 23 Test Report Annex A (Normative) Types of Test Piece to be Used for Thin Products: Sheets, Strips and Flats between 0,1 mm and 3 mm thick Annex B (Normative) Types of Test Piece to be Used for Sheets and Flats of Thickness Equal to or Greater Than 3 mm and Wire, Bars and Sections of Diameter or Thickness Equal to or Greater Than 4mm Annex C (Normative) Types of Test Pieces to be Used for Bars and Sections with a Diameter or Thickness ≥ 4 mm Annex D (Normative) Types of Test Piece to be Used for Tubes Annex E (Informative) Precautions to be Taken When Measuring the Percentage Elongation after Fracture if the Specified Value is Less Than 5% Annex F (Informative) Displacement Method for the Determination of Percentage Elongation after Fracture Annex G (Informative) Manual Method for the Determination of the Percentage Total Elongation at Maximum Force of Bar, Wire and Rod Annex H (Informative) Step-by-step Approximation Method for the Determination of Proof Non-proportional Extension Strength (rp) Annex I (Informative) An Example of Force Removal Method for the Determination of the Permanent Set Strength (Rr0.2) Annex J (Informative) An “Error Budget” Approach to the Estimation of the Uncertainty of Measurement in Tensile Testing Annex K (Informative) Precision of Tensile Testing — Results from Interlaboratory Test Programmes Annex L (Informative) Comparison of Performance Names and Symbols between the New and Old Standard
1 Scope
This standard specifies the principle, definitions, symbols and descriptions, test piece and dimension measurement, test equipment, test requirement, performance determination, rounding-off of the test result data and test report of tensile testing method of metallic materials.
This standard is applicable to determine the tensile performance of metallic materials at ambient temperature. But an agreement must be made for the tensile test of little-cross-section metal products such as metal foil, super-fine wire and capillary.
2 Normative References
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the latest editions of the standards indicated below.
GB/T 2975-1998 Steel and steel products – Location and preparation of test pieces for mechanical testing (eqv ISO 377:1997)
GB/T 8170-1987 Rules for rounding off of numerical values
GB/T 12160-2002 Calibration of the extensometer used for single axis test (idt ISO 9513:1999)
GB/T 16825-1997 Inspection of tensile tester (idt ISO 7500-1:1986)
GB/T 17600.1-1998 Steel - Conversion of elongation – Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steel (eqv ISO 2566-1:1984)
GB/T 17600.2-1998 Steel – Conversion of elongation – Part 2: Austenitic steel (eqv ISO 2566-2:1984)
3 Principle
The test involves straining a test piece by tensile force, generally to fracture, for the purpose of determining one or more of the mechanical properties defined in Chapter 4.
Unless otherwise specified, the test is normally carried out at ambient temperature between 10℃ and 35℃. The tests carried out under controlled conditions shall be made at a temperature of 23℃±5℃.
Contents of GB/T 228-2002
Foreword III
ISO Foreword IV
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Principle
4 Definitions
5 Symbols and Designations
6 Test Piece
7 Determination of the Original Cross Section Area (So)
8 Marking the Original Gauge Length (Lo)
9 Accuracy of the Test Equipments
10 Conditions of Testing
10.1 Speed of testing
11 Determination of Percentage Elongation after Fracture (A) and Percentage Total Elongation at Fracture (At)
12 Determination of the Total Percentage Elongation at Maximum Force (Agt) and the Percentage Non-proportional Elongation at Maximum Force (Ag)
13 Determination of the Percentage Yield Point Extension (Ae)
14 Determination of the Upper Yield Strength (ReH ) and the Lower Yield Strength (ReL)
15 Determination of the Proof Non-proportional Extension Strength (Rp)
16 Determination of the Proof total Extension Strength (Rt)
17 Verification Method for the Permanent Set Strength (Rr)
18 Determination of the Tensile Strength (Rm)
19 Determination of the Percentage Reduction of Area
20 Rounding off of Numerical Values of the Performance Determination Result
21 The Accuracy of the Performance Determination Result
23 Test Report
Annex A (Normative) Types of Test Piece to be Used for Thin Products: Sheets, Strips and Flats between 0,1 mm and 3 mm thick
Annex B (Normative) Types of Test Piece to be Used for Sheets and Flats of Thickness Equal to or Greater Than 3 mm and Wire, Bars and Sections of Diameter or Thickness Equal to or Greater Than 4mm
Annex C (Normative) Types of Test Pieces to be Used for Bars and Sections with a Diameter or Thickness ≥ 4 mm
Annex D (Normative) Types of Test Piece to be Used for Tubes
Annex E (Informative) Precautions to be Taken When Measuring the Percentage Elongation after Fracture if the Specified Value is Less Than 5%
Annex F (Informative) Displacement Method for the Determination of Percentage Elongation after Fracture
Annex G (Informative) Manual Method for the Determination of the Percentage Total Elongation at Maximum Force of Bar, Wire and Rod
Annex H (Informative) Step-by-step Approximation Method for the Determination of Proof Non-proportional Extension Strength (rp)
Annex I (Informative) An Example of Force Removal Method for the
Determination of the Permanent Set Strength (Rr0.2)
Annex J (Informative) An “Error Budget” Approach to the Estimation of the Uncertainty of Measurement in Tensile Testing
Annex K (Informative) Precision of Tensile Testing — Results from Interlaboratory Test Programmes
Annex L (Informative) Comparison of Performance Names and Symbols between the New and Old Standard
